Kodi mafuta?

Pazochitika zachuma anthu amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndizo zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhala zowonjezereka. Kwa dziko lirilonse, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri zopangira zomwe zachokera ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kuyambira kale. Ndi mchere uti umene ungathe kuyaka? Izi zimaphatikizapo malasha, gasi, mafuta, peat ndi mafuta.

Makala

Makala ndi amasiku a nthawi zakale zamasiku akalekale. Mu geochronological scale, imodzi mwa nthawi imatchedwa malasha. Zimakhulupirira kuti panthawiyo dziko lapansi linkaphimbidwa ndi nkhalango zam'madera otentha, omwe anali ndi mahatchi akuluakulu komanso a fern. Chotsatira chake, iwo anapanga mafuta a malasha.

Panthawi imeneyo, nyengo inali yamkuntho komanso yotentha. Mitengo yakugwa idasinthidwa ndi zatsopano. Mitengo yambiri ya matabwa inasonkhanitsidwa. M'mabwinja osadziwika amadzi ndi mathithi, iwo asandulika mafuta osungira malasha. Amakhulupirira kuti njirayi inapangidwa osachepera 30% ya malasha padziko lapansi. Mafayala a malasha si achilendo. Zingapezedwe kokha m'makontinenti, komanso pazilumba zina. Ngakhale Antarctica sichimodzimodzi. Zimakhulupirira kuti mchere wotentha umakhala pansi pa makilomita a madzi oundana.

Mwala unali utadziwabe makolo akale a anthu amakono. Pali mitundu yosiyana siyana - maonekedwe awo anali osiyana. Zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri ndizovuta, ndiye kuti mabala ophika ndi abulauni amapita . Zachiwirizi ndizofunikira kwambiri mu dongosolo la mphamvu. Mafuta akugwiritsidwa ntchito pozembetsa chitsulo cha nkhumba.

Mafuta a mafakitale a galimoto

Izi zimaphatikizapo mafuta ndi gasi, zomwe zimapangidwa muzinthu zachilengedwe za mkati. Anapeza zinthu zakuthupi, zotsalira za zamoyo. Kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, pafupifupi opanda mpweya wabwino, akhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri, chomwe chimatchedwa "golide wakuda", komanso gasi. Mitengo yamchere yotentha ya hydrocarbon ili m'mayiko onse. Mafuta ali ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Kupangidwa kwake kumaphatikizapo ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa chilengedwe, umene, monga lamulo, uli pamwamba pa kukwera kwa mafuta. Mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri. Kuphatikiza pa maziko opangira mafuta oyendetsa galimoto, ndizofunika kwambiri zamakampani.

Ambiri padziko lapansi ali ndi "golide wakuda". Komabe, malo otetezeka kwambiri ali m'mayiko otsatirawa: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Russia, Mexico, Canada, Indonesia ndi United States. Dziko lakumapeto lili ndi chuma chochuluka kwambiri, koma siligwiritse ntchito mozama kuti lisunge mafuta m'tsogolo. Kuchokera kwa "golida wakuda" sikuchitika kokha ku gawo la dzikolo, komanso pamapulitsi a nyanja zambiri mothandizidwa ndi kubowola mapulatifomu oyandama. Ku Russia, imodzi mwa ndalama zabwino kwambiri ndi Samotlor. Ili ku Western Siberia. Mu chigawo cha Tyumen muli atatu aakulu magetsi minda: Urengoy, Bovanenkovo, Yamburg.