Assembly vavu: ntchito mfundo ndi dera

Pofuna kugonjetsa mavuto a kachitidwe ulamuliro mwatsatanetsatane ano ayamba ntchito vavu engine. Iwo amakhala ndi mwayi zipangizo amenewa, komanso mapangidwe yogwira microelectronics kompyuta mphamvu. Monga amadziwika, iwo akhoza kupereka kachulukidwe mkulu mfundo ndi dzuwa yaitali ndi mphamvu kuyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya injini.

Galimoto vavu injini

injini tichipeza zigawo izi:

1. kumbuyo kwa thupi.
2. Stator.
3. Kuchitira.
4. litayamba maginito (ozungulira).
5. mwankhanza.
6. stator ndi windings.
7. kutsogolo nyumba gawo.

Mu valavu wa injini pali malumikizanidwe pakati pa Mipikisano gawo stator kumulowetsa ndi ozungulira. Iwoŵa ndi maginito okhazikika ndi Integrated malo kachipangizo. Kusintha chipangizo chitakwaniritsidwa mwa Converter, kotero kuti dzina la.

Galimoto injini vavu wapangidwa chikutiro ndi dera bolodi masensa, kutenga malaya a kutsinde ndi maginito zimakhudza ozungulira chimateteza mphete koyilo masika trelchatoy wapakatikati malaya Hall sensa, kutchinjiriza, housings ndi ochititsa.

Pankhani ya mankhwala windings "nyenyezi" chipangizo ali lalikulu mphindi okhazikika, kotero khamu ili ntchito kulamulira nkhwangwa. Pankhani ya windings kogwirizana "makona" angagwiritsidwe ntchito ntchito imathamanga mkulu. Nthawi zambiri, chiwerengero cha mtengo awiriawiri kuchita masamu nambala ya maginito ozungulira kuti kudziwa chiŵerengero cha kusintha magetsi ndi makina.

stator akhoza chopangidwa ndi chitsulo ufulu kapena chitsulo pachimake. Ntchito zomangamanga zoterozo chimake choyamba, n'zotheka kuonetsetsa pakalibe kukopa kwa maginito ya ozungulira, koma m'kanthawi ichi, yafupika ndi galimoto Mwachangu 20% chifukwa wotsikirapo phindu zonse makokedwe.

Ndi ndale Tingaone kuti stator panopa ndi kwaiye mu windings ndi ozungulira ndi Kulengedwa ntchito yapamwamba-mphamvu maginito okhazikika.
Bakuman:
- VT1-VT7 - transistor kulankhulana;
- A, B, C - gawo windings;
- M - mota makokedwe;
- DR - ndi kachipangizo ozungulira malo;
- U - kulamulira kotunga galimoto mphamvu voteji;
- S (kum'mwera), N (kumpoto) - malangizo a maginito;
- UZI - pafupipafupi Converter;
- BR - liwiro kachipangizo;
- VD - Zener diode;
- L - inductance koyilo.

Engine Kusonkhezeredwa limasonyeza kuti munthu ubwino zikuluzikulu za ozungulira, imene maginito okhazikika amene anaika, ndi kuchepetsa awiri zake ndi monga Motero, kuchepetsa nthawi inertia. zipangizo akhoza kumangidwa mu chipangizo palokha, kapena ili pamwamba pake. Kutsitsa chizindikiro ndi zambiri kumabweretsa mfundo ka bwino nthawi inertia wa galimoto ndi katundu kusanduka kutsinde, amene complicates machitidwe a galimoto. Pachifukwa ichi, opanga angathe kupereka muyezo ndi kuchuluka nthawi 2-4 nthawi inertia.

Momwe ntchito

Today kwayamba kutchuka kwambiri vavu injini, mfundo ya ozikidwa pa mfundo yakuti chipangizo Mtsogoleri wayamba kusinthana ndi stator windings. Chifukwa m'munda vekitala maginito nthawi zonse ankatembenukira ndi makona akuyandikira 900 (-900) wachibale ozungulira lapansi. Mtsogoleri lakonzedwa ulamuliro panopa chimene chimatichititsa kudzera windings injini, kuphatikizapo ukulu wa mphamvu ya maginito a stator lapansi. Choncho, n'zotheka kusintha nthawi, kumene kumakhudza chipangizo. Chizindikiro ngodya pakati pa zamoyo zina angaone wa kasinthasintha malangizo akuchitapo kanthu pa izo.

Kumbukirani kuti tikulankhula madigiri magetsi (iwo ali ang'onoang'ono kwambiri zojambula). Mwachitsanzo, ife kuwerengera vavu a injini kuti ozungulira, chimene iyoyomwe 3 mzati awiriawiri. Ndiye mbali mulingo woyenera zidzakhala 900/3 = 300. Izi awiriawiri 6 kupereka gawo commutation wa windings, ndiye, ndi kuti stator angachititse vekitala kudumpha 600. Pamenepa Tingaone kuti ngodya pakati zamoyo zina za tingafunike zimasiyana 600 kwa 1200, kuyambira ozungulira kasinthasintha.

Vavu galimoto, mfundo zomwe zachokera n'zosiyana gawo kusinthitsa, chifukwa cha zimene malemeredwe kamwazi likhalebe kayendedwe ndi zonse armature, pambuyo mogwirizana awo ayamba kupanga onsewo mphindi. Amamuchititsa kutembenuzira ozungulira m'njira kuti tizingwe ndi armature lifanane pamodzi. Koma pamene akutembenukira kachipangizo akuyamba kusinthana koyilo ndi otaya chimatsatira sitepe yotsatira. Pa nthawi imeneyi, vekitala chotsatira kudzasiya, koma kukhala kwathunthu ima ndi kwa ozungulira kamwazi, zomwe pamapeto pake amalenga makokedwe kutsinde.

ubwino

Kugwiritsa valavu injini ntchito, izo Tingaone ubwino amenewa:

- kuthekera ntchito zosiyanasiyana liwiro kwa kusinthidwa ndi;

- High mphamvu ndi liwiro;

- pazipita pamalo olondola;

- zazing'ono ndalama yokonza;

- chipangizo akhoza zimachitika malo kuphulika-umboni;

- izo ali ndi luso kusamutsa lalikulu zimamuchulukira makokedwe;

- Mwachangu aakulu omwe ndi oposa 90%;

- ikuyenda ojambula pakompyuta, amene kwambiri kumawonjezera moyo utumiki ndi durability;

- ntchito yothandizira palibe kutenthedwa a galimoto ndi.

zolakwa

Ngakhale nambala yaikulu ubwino, vavu injini alinso kuipa ntchito:
- m'malo ovuta galimoto ulamuliro;
- mtengo ndi mkulu wa zida chifukwa ntchito zake kamangidwe ka ozungulira, amene ali maginito okhazikika ndi okwera mtengo.

Vavu inductor galimoto

Anazimitsa-inductor galimoto - chipangizo chimene amapereka zikulilima maginito kukana. Kutembenuka mphamvu m'menemo kumachitika chifukwa kusintha mu inductance wa windings imene ili pa zida stator mano lofotokoza pamene anasamutsa ozungulira maginito. Kudyetsa chipangizo amalandira Converter magetsi, alternately kusintha injini windings mu kukula kwa kayendedwe ka ozungulira lapansi.

Anazimitsa inductor-galimoto zovuta ndi dongosolo lovuta limene zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu ntchito pamodzi ndi chikhalidwe chawo thupi. Mapangidwe bwino zipangizo amenewa ayenera mozama chidziwitso kamangidwe ka makina ndi zimango komanso zamagetsi, electromechanical ndi microprocessor luso.

chipangizo amakono amachita ngati mota, ntchito molumikizana ndi Converter pakompyuta, amene amapangidwa ndi luso Integrated ntchito microprocessor. Timatha inu kugwiritsa khalidwe kasamalidwe injini ndi bwino mphamvu processing.

katundu injini

makina onga mkulu zazikulu, mkulu zimamuchulukira mphamvu ndi pamalo zolondola. Chifukwa chakuti alibe mbali kusuntha, ntchito zawo n'zotheka malo zachiwawa aukali. Motors oterowo umatchedwanso ndi brushless, awo mwayi waukulu poyerekeza wokhometsa, ndi mathamangidwe omwe zimadalira voteji wa mfundo adzapereke. Komanso, chinthu china chofunika ndi kupanda zoti mikangano zinthu, zomwe kusinthana ojambula, kotero limakula chipangizo ntchito zipangizo.

DC Motors brushless

Onse DC Motors brushless angatchedwe. Zimatha amalumikizana ndi DC. The burashi msonkhano amaperekedwa kwa kaphatikizidwe madera amagetsi a ozungulira ndi stator. Mbali imeneyi ndi pachiopsezo ndi m'malo ovuta kukhalabe ndi kukonza.

Vavu DC galimoto ntchito pa mfundo imene zipangizo zonse synchronous wa mtundu uwu. Ndi dongosolo chatsekedwa kupanga mphamvu michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi Converter, ndi kachipangizo ozungulira malo ndi wogwirizanitsa.

Motors vavu AC

zipangizozi mudzalandira mphamvu zawo kwa maukonde a alternating panopa. Ozungulira liwiro ndi woyamba amgwirizano zoyenda wa stator mphamvu maginito mwamalunji. injini Izi subtype angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mphamvu yapamwamba. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo stepper ndi ndege vavu zida. Chinthu chapadera chipangizo ataika ndi apawokha okhota kusamuka kwa ozungulira pa ntchito yake. Mphamvu windings aumbike mwa zigawo michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Control brushless galimoto ikuchitika ndi yotsatana kusamuka kwa ozungulira, ndipo amene amalenga mphamvu yake kusintha limodzi kumulowetsa ndi mzake. chipangizo yonseyi ikhonza kuikidwa mu one-, three- kapena Mipikisano gawo, yoyamba Mwina amapanga chiyambi kumulowetsa kapena dera gawo-kusuntha, ndipo kunachititsa pamanja.

Mfundo ntchito kwa galimoto synchronous

Vavu synchronous galimoto ukugwira ntchito potengera zimene zimachitika pakati pa minda ya maginito ya ozungulira ndi stator. Schematically, ndi maginito akhoza ukufanizidwa ndi kasinthasintha wa ubwino womwewo wa maginito umene kusuntha ndi liwiro la maginito ya stator lapansi. Field ya ozungulira akhoza kukhala kumujambula maginito okhazikika, zomwe zimachititsa ankasinthana synchronously ndi munda stator. Popeza ndi makokedwe kunja omwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makina kutsinde olamulira mwamalunji. Zokhudza mphamvu ya kukopa kupitirira olamulira zake ndi angalipirire mzake. Ngodya therebetween ndi wofanana ndi ziro.

Ngati kutsinde kwa makina zidzakhudza braking makokedwe, ozungulira ndi anawamvera motsogozedwa yomweyo. Chifukwa cha mphamvu wokongola anawagawa zigawo kuti akuuzidwa pamodzi olamulira kuphatikiza ntchito ndi perpendicular kwa olamulira mtengo. Ngati amanena makokedwe kunja, amene amalenga mathamangitsidwe, ndiko kuti, akuyamba kuchita malangizo a kasinthasintha, Pa cithunzithunzi mogwirizana minda kwathunthu anyamata. Tambasulani okhota kusamutsidwa akuyamba musinthike mwake, ndipo pankhaniyi, kusintha malangizo a mphamvu tangential ndi amadza mu atomu makokedwe. Nkhani imeneyi, galimoto zimakhala ananyema ndi makina umagwira ntchito monga jenereta amene otembenuka aperekedwe ku kutsinde kuti mphamvu ya magetsi makina. Ndiponso, kunam'sintha kwa maukonde kupereka kwa stator.

Pamene sipadzakhala zakunja zazikulu-mzati uyamba nthawi udindo pa zimene maginito ya stator mzati olamulira chikugwirizana ndi kotenga. Dongosolo limeneli zizigwirizana otaya kukana osachepera mu stator lapansi.

Pankhani ya zotsatira pa braking makokedwe a makina ozungulira kutsinde ndi anapanduka, mmene maginito ya stator ndi olumala, kuyambira otaya amamuchititsa kuti mupewe polimbana ndi osachepera. Kudziwa zinkafuna mphamvu mizere, amene lathu mu mfundo zizigwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka mphamvu, kotero kuti kusintha kwa munda chingandithandize mogwirizana ndi tangential.

M'nkhaniyi takambirana njira zonsezi Motors synchronous, n'zotheka kudziwa mfundo woonekeratu wa reversibility makina osiyanasiyana, pali kuthekera kwa chipangizo china chilichonse magetsi kusintha lathu la mphamvu wotembenuka kuti pandunji.

Brushless okhazikika Motors maginito

Vavu injini ndi maginito okhazikika ntchito pothetsa chitetezo kwambiri ndi ntchito mafakitale kuyambira chipangizo umenewu ndi lalikulu malo mphamvu ndi dzuwa.

zipangizozi Kawirikawiri ntchito m'mafakitale amene amafuna otsika mowa mphamvu ndi kukula yaing'ono. Iwo akhoza zosiyanasiyana miyeso, popanda zofooka sayansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zipangizo lalikulu si chatsopano, kawirikawiri kubala makampani kupempha kuthetsa mavuto azachuma amene kuchepetsa osiyanasiyana awa zipangizo. Iwo ndi ubwino wawo, lomwe ndi dzuwa mkulu chifukwa zomvetsa mu ozungulira ndi mphamvu mkulu osalimba. Kulamulira Motors brushless tikusowa variable pafupipafupi pagalimoto.

Analysis wa phindu lotuluka limasonyeza kuti chipangizo cha maginito okhazikika zambiri bwino poyerekeza ndi umisiri ina. Nthawi zambiri iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ndi katundu okwanira chizolowezi ntchito ya injini m'madzi, ku usilikali ndipo chitetezo makampani ndi mayunitsi ena, chiwerengero cha amene mosalekeza kuwonjezeka.

injini kwakusiyana

Vavu-kwakusiyana injini opareshoni ntchito windings gawo awiri omwe amaveka padziko mizati kosiyana zosiyana stator. Kupereka mphamvu kwa ozungulira chimachititsanso malinga ndi mizati. Choncho, anatsutsa kwathunthu yafupika yochepa.

Vavu injini, analengedwa ndi manja awo, amapereka mkulu pagalimoto liwiro ndi nyese wokometsedwa ntchito ndi n'zosiyana ndi. Information za malo ozungulira ntchito kulamulira magawo kotunga voteji, chifukwa uwu ndi akadakwanitsira kwa kukwaniritsa yothandizira osalala makokedwe ndi dzuwa mkulu.

Chizindikiro chimene chichititsa injini ndege, superimposed pa okhota unsaturated gawo inductance. Osachepera kukana mzati chipangizo kwathunthu limafanana ndi inductance pazipita.

mphindi zabwino angathe kupeza okha pa ngodya pamene zizindikiro zabwino. Imathamanga otsika gawo panopa ayenera okha kuti apange chitetezo cha zamagetsi ku mkulu voteji-masekondi.
Limagwirira kutembenuka akhoza kumvetsa mzere zotakasika mphamvu. kuchuluka Cardinality amadziwika mphamvu yomwe n'kukhala mphamvu mawotchi. Mu chochitika cha nayenso lakuthwa pa muyeso kapena yotsalira imabwerera kwa stator lapansi. magawo osachepera ya maginito pa ntchito chipangizo ndi kusiyana zazikulu zipangizo zofanana.