Black truffles: kufotokoza

Black truffles - choyimira cha marsupial bowa matupi fruiting yomwe kukhala mobisa. okonda chakudya ndinu okonzeka kulipira ndalama yaikulu, yekha kumva kukoma kwawo wosakhwima ndi fungo. Mtengo pa kilogalamu wa truffle izi chikwi ndalama pamwamba. Ndi kufunika kwa mankhwala amenewa mu malo odyera mtengo si ikuchepa.

The bowa wakuda truffle

Fruiting matupi, kucha nthaka ndi dongosolo mycorrhiza mawonekedwe thundu muzu kapena mitengo ina deciduous. Black truffle (onani chithunzi pamwambapa) kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasamba kapena spindle, umalandira kuchokera masentimita 3 mpaka 9 awiri. Pamwamba mdima (pabuka-bulauni) akakhwima - wakuda wachikuda zofuna tcheru mumtundu dzimbiri. Pa zamkati kagawo ndi kuonekera pa imvi nsangalabwi kapangidwe kapena maziko pinkish.

Monga mwa chilengedwe, kuya kwa amene akutukuka matupi fruiting, n'kutheka kuti theka mita, kupeza wakuda truffle kale pogwiritsa ntchito nkhumba ophunzitsidwa. Achilendo fungo amakopeka nyama bowa chifukwa makumi a mamita, ndi iwo zikuonetseratu poyera kumene eniake, kuyesera kukumba iwo. Truffles anatumikira ku malo odyera mu tchizi (zokometsera) kapena yophika. Kukoma kwa "wakuda diamondi" yowutsa mudyo ndi fungo chosiyana ndi kuwawa pang'ono kulitchula.

makhalidwe a

Akukhulupirira kuti truffles wakuda amatha ndikuutsa mayanjano chibadwidwe ndi zofunika. The fungo bowa izi akukumbutsa maluwa a zofukiza, amene anaganiza mtedza, Moss, zipatso, wagwa masamba pansi nkhalango. Ngakhale truffle mankhwala zikuchokera losiyana kanthu wapadera, mtengo odyera Gourmet anagula ngati mchere chabwino zophikiratu kapena zina kuti mbale yaikulu.

Mankhwala khalidwe sadalira anapangira m'bowawo. Ngakhale kukula kwa odyera amakonda palibe lalanje yaitali. bowa Izi conveniently kusema magawo zoonda, kotero inu mukhoza amanena maonekedwe oyambirira ndi bwino anaima nsangalabwi kapangidwe pa odulidwa. The Mwachitsanzo apamwamba wakuda truffle (2.5 makilogalamu) anapezeka mu 1951.

mitundu ofanana

Akatswiri kusiyanitsa mitundu zoposa 40 truffles. Iwo agawidwa mu mabanja, kusonyeza Pamagulu amenewo, malingana ndi dera: Italiya (Piedmont), Perigord, Oregon, Chinese, Black Russian, Himalaya, Central Asia. Nyengo ya kupsa kusiyanitsa chilimwe ndi chisanu subspecies. Anatinso truffles wakuda amaonedwa kukhala weniweni.

kusiyana ndi akuwonetseredwa mu maonekedwe. Khalidwe blackening ndi warty pamwamba zosiyanasiyana pafupifupi yosalala ndi poterera, ndipo ngakhale zimakhala zoyera. Marble kapangidwe pa odulidwa komanso zimasiyanasiyana. Ofunika zosiyana mdima ndi mitsempha wowala woyera. Ngakhale kuti "woyera Piedmontese" truffle expressionless yochitidwa chithunzi monga yosowa kwambiri akhoza ndalama zambiri. Kukoma kwa izi truffle wakuda yowala ndipo zimalimbikitsa. Zima mitundu ndi olemera musky fungo.

kukula Lachitatu

Search for truffles wakuda ayenera m'nkhalango deciduous. amakonda kuwala nthaka, porous, laimu. Kudziwa malo kukula lothekera la bowa pasadakhale ndi kovuta. Chotengeka ndi zinthu zambiri: mlingo wa pansi mtengo kuchuluka mpweya zaka, concomitant zomera zikuchokera, makhalidwe nyengo ya dera ndi malo makamaka.

Black truffles mu Russia si bwino bowa pickers. Limatchula za kusaka awo akusokoneza conditionality zina. Ngati munthu mwangozi ndi macheka ngati bowa, mozizwitsa anayenda pamwamba ndipo nthawi sapezeka nyama zakutchire, ndiye kuti iye ndi nthumwi ya banja la truffle si aliyense amene ali wokonzeka.

amalipiritsa nyengo zimadalira mitundu. Zima truffles zipse kwa October. Kumadera ndi nyengo ofunda nyengo akuyamba pa chiyambi cha chaka chatsopano zimatha mpaka March. Chilimwe truffles akhoza anafuna mpaka autumn mochedwa. malo mbiri kukula - France, Italy, Spain. Koma mitundu ofanana angapezeke mu Ulaya. Mu Russia, chifukwa cha peculiarities nyengo ndiponso yozizira koopsa nthaka limakula mtundu okha wa truffles chilimwe.

kufufuza Features

Kusonkhanitsa truffles wakuda ndi thandizo la nkhumba ophunzitsidwa si nthawi yabwino. Iwo ndi titadziwa kununkhiza, koma amakhala ovuta Kuphunzitsa. Komanso, asatope msanga. Pa kudziwika wapeza kufunafuna posachedwapa kuti unearth bowa, ndi kuwononga nthaka.

The galu anakokera fungo la truffles, n'kopindulitsa kwambiri pa nkhani imeneyi. Koma kuti akonze bloodhound zabwino, pamafunika nthawi ndi ntchito. Kuphunzira kumachitika pansi chiwembu muyezo. Kuyambira puppyhood adye chakudya anawonjezera fungo la truffles. Kudakonzedweratu mu msuzi wa bowa. Iwo opaka zosiyanasiyana zinthu, kubisala, kenako kupereka kupeza pobisalira. Kenako Bookmark m'manda mu nthaka. Ikufanana kuti accustom kuti m'dera limene mukufuna kusonkhanitsa.

Pezani locus wa truffles, malinga ndi akatswiri, n'zotheka, ndi kukhalapo kwa piringupiringu ntchentche zoluma. Red kuuluka oblyubovyvayut malo truffles kukula, kuikira mazira. Awa, mphutsi kuwaswa mu nthaka, zomwe umalowa mu Sporocarp ndiponso kudyetsa mpaka kukhwima. Mukhoza chimatanthauza truffle malo ndiponso wodzaza anakumba nthaka. nkhumba Wild, mbawala ndi nyama zina komanso si mantha kudya chakudya chokoma.

kulima yokumba

Kuvuta kwa ndondomekoyi ili ndi chifukwa spores kugawa njira. Bowa zipse pansi, ndi chifukwa mawonekedwe ali ndinazolowera moyo zinthu zapadera. spores bowa kudyedwa ndi nyama zakuthengo kudutsa thirakiti m'mimba ndi zimatulutsa mu nthaka kachiwiri. Ngati zinthu zili zabwino, iwo kumera kupanga mycorrhiza ndi mizu ya mitengo deciduous. Kumene kuchokera mycelium patapita kanthawi kukula zipatso matupi a truffles.

Takhala bwino akuyesetsa kukula bowa pa m'minda yokumba. Zipatso zokwana ku mitengo pa phazi lomwe truffles apezeka, amatengedwa ndi anabzala mu nthaka yachonde. Patatha zaka 6-7, pakati pa mizu ya ena a mitengo achinyamata anapezeka ulusi wa mycelium. Patapita nthawi adafika ndi fruiting matupi a bowa. Panopa truffles wakuda amalimidwa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. yambiri mankhwala apamwamba amatumizidwa ku China. Kukhazikika bwino ndi kukula dongosolo Australia.

Black truffles mwa tomato

Izi zosiyanasiyana phwetekere si ofala wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa. Koma chifukwa maonekedwe zosowa zipatso zache, ambiri kufunsa ogula. Pali mikangano za chiyambi cha zosiyanasiyana lapansi. Ena amanena kuti phwetekere anapezerapo Russian kusankha. Komabe, iwo nthawi zambiri amati ndi mtundu "Japanese truffle". Black ndi kupezeka mitundu ya zipatso. Kodi wapadera za tomato izi? Iwo okha anatulutsa kwa mtundu umenewu mitundu zosowa obereketsa?

tomato awa a pakati-makalasi. Kuyambira kumayambiliro a kumera kwa fruiting kumachitika avareji masiku 115. Chitsamba aumbike mosamala ufulu mamita 1.5-2 mkulu ndipo amafuna kuvomerezedwa garters. Tomato angamvetsere manja. Pa tsinde la kaŵirikaŵiri popangidwa ndi magulu a 5-6, 3-4 zipse burashi. tomato Nedospevshie usanasonkhanitsidwe ndipo patulani kwa kusasitsa. Iwo angafikire chikhalidwe cha chiyambi cha dzinja, ngati iwo anasonkhana mu October. Kulemera tomato pafupifupi magalamu za 100-150. Pa chitsamba wina akhoza kusonkhanitsa kwa makilogalamu 4. The zamkati zipatso ndi wandiweyani, mbewu pang'ono. Tomato kulawa lokoma, ndi sourness wochenjera. Khungu ndi wanzeru. Mbali ndi distinguishable grooves kotenga.

Phwetekere "tuber melanosporum": Ndemanga

Ubwino mitundu ayenera akuphatikizapo kutha kupirira mopambanitsa kutentha ndi kutentha lalifupi kuchepetsa. zipatso zipse pamaso pa frosts oyambirira m'dzinja. tomato Underripe akhoza kusungidwa pa yozungulira kutentha kwa miyezi 3-4. Zolemba ndi zonyamula "truffles" kuti matenda a mafangasi.

zipatso kucha zabwino kumalongeza. Pa gombe iwo kuyang'ana pachiyambi. Angoyang'ana, ndi saladi wa tomato mwatsopano, pamene pakati pa muyezo mitundu wofiira ndi wachikasu zimapezeka zidutswa za chuma woderapo ndi chibakuwa kum'chitira (biringanya) mtundu. The zosiyanasiyana tomato "Japanese truffle" chimene nambala ya zamoyo. Kwambiri oyambirira phwetekere "tuber melanosporum".

Kufotokozera otsala subspecies mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Zipatso. Kuwonjezera pa mtundu miyambo wofiira, zimatulutsa kwambiri pinki ndi chikasu. Zipatso za mitundu yonse ali ndi khalidwe peyala-mphako. Peel chipatso ndi thupi ndi mtima wonse, zabwino zosiyanasiyana kupirira kayendedwe. Kulawa tomato a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi osiyana. Ambiri amaona kuti mitundu lokoma chikasu. Iwo angayerekezedwe ndi zipatso, koma "truffles wakuda" ndi mtundu wa (mfulu) kukoma.