Bowa la mvula. Kodi amadya?

Mphuno yamvula (Lycoperdon perlatum Pers) ndi fumbi macromycete. Ali ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri. Choncho, anthu ambiri akuganiza ngati bowa ndi mvula. Ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa bowa zina kuti zisonkhanitse poizoni kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Komabe, ngakhale malowa, bowa la mvula limadya.

Kukwanitsa kusonkhanitsa mankhwala owopsa kunatsimikizira kuti macromycete imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi kuyeretsa dothi pambuyo poipitsidwa ndi chilengedwe. Mkhalidwe womwewo ndi chifukwa cha chilengedwe pa maziko ake a zakudya zosiyanasiyana zowonjezera zakudya, zomwe zimachotsa poizoni kuchokera mthupi. Macromycete imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zodzoladzola. Ngakhale kuti mvuu ya bowa imadyetsedwa, sikuvomerezedwa kuti idye zitsanzo zomwe zikukula m'madera a masoka achilengedwe komanso pafupi ndi njira zamakampani zopweteka.

Kufotokozera

Mvula yeniyeni imakhala bowa limodzi ndi thupi linalake lotsekedwa, lomwe nthawi zina limakhala ndi mapeyala ndi pseudopod. Icho ndi cha banja la Champignon. Mwendo wa macromycete bwino umadutsa mu kapu. Mapira a bowa ndi ofanana kwambiri, zowonongeka. Pamene mukukula mu glebe, mitsempha yodzaza ndi hymen imapangidwa. Pambuyo pake, amathyola ndi kuponyera ufa wochuluka wa spores, umene umakhala wofiira kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka kumdima wobiriwira. Ngakhale bowa-raincoat idya, koma panthawi ino siyenela kulimbikitsidwa kuti idye. Kumtunda kwa macromycete, kutseguka kumapangidwira pofuna kuchotsa ufa wa spore. Mbewu ya zipatso ya bowayi, monga lamulo, ili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 4-8. Iyo ikhoza kujambula pansalu zonse zoyera, nthawi zina imvi kapena zachikasu. Mbali ya pamwamba ya thupi la zipatso imadzazidwa ndi minga.

Chiŵerengero cha bowa ndi zophikira katundu

Mvula imakhala ndi mayina ambiri: fodya wa bowa, mbatata, ntchentche Tavlinka, fumbi, fodya a agogo aamuna, etc. Zina mwazinazo ndizosalepheretsa, zomwe zimasonyeza maganizo a "osaka otetezeka" ku macromycete iyi. Ndipo ndithudi, ngakhale kuti mvuu ya bowa imadya, chosankha chochepa cha bowa chidzaima pafupi ndi iye. Makope akale sali oyenera chakudya. Kuponya ufa wa spore, iwo amakhala ngati nsalu yonyowa. Komabe, ali wamng'ono (ali ndi hymer osadziwika) pulacoat-bowa ndi edible komanso yokoma kwambiri. Ndipo sizikusowa kuti zikhale zowakidwa komanso zisanaphikeke musanathamangitsidwe, pickling kapena pickling.

Habitat

Mvula yambiri imapezeka m'nkhalango za mtundu wa deciduous and coniferous, mu steppe, m'mapiri. Nthawi zambiri bowa imeneyi imakula pa dothi lopangidwa ndi maluwa, zowonongeka komanso nkhalango zamatabwa. Amagawidwa pafupifupi mbali yonse ya Ulaya ya Russia. Iwo amasonkhanitsa izo kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka ku autumn.

Zothandiza

Kuyambira nthawi zakale, anthu amadziwa zitsamba zam'mimba ndi fungo la hemostatic. Mabala ndi mabala, muyenera kudula mvula yamvula wamkulu ndikuiika kumalo owonongeka. Chotsatira chake, magazi amasiya mwamsanga, ndipo zotetezedwa sizikuchitika mtsogolomu. Ogwira ntchito zamagetsi ndi mafakitale ena owopsya amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala ndi bowa awa mu zakudya zawo. Izi zimathandiza kupewa matenda monga sarcoidosis ndi pneumoconiosis.