Bronchiectasis - ndi chiyani ichi? bronchiectasis m'mapapo

milandu matenda nthawi zambiri olembedwa mankhwala amakono amatchedwa "bronchiectasis". Ichi ndi chikhalidwe oopsa amene akufotokozera ndi limakhala matenda osiyanasiyana a dongosolo kupuma. Ndithudi, odwala anakumana ndi matenda ichi, kufunafuna mfundo iliyonse za mavuto, zizindikiro komanso mankhwala a matendawa.

Bronchiectasis - ndi chiyani ichi?

Ndi matenda zimenezo zikukhudzanso angapo matenda a dongosolo kupuma. kuchita odwala atakumana ndi matenda a "bronchiectasis" n'chiyani? chikhalidwe ichi limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka amphamvu a m'madera bronchi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mpanda bronchial.

matenda zingakhudze mbali zosiyana za bronchi, koma kukula kwa mpanda wa bronchioles kukula kwake pafupifupi kaŵirikaŵiri anati. The ndondomeko kugwirizana ndi imfa ya elasticity minofu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu kudwala otere okhudza 3 nthawi zambiri kuposa anyamata. Nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda kumanzere m'mapapo, koma lamanja m'mapapo bronchiectasis ndi zochepa wamba. Akatswiri amanena ziwerengero ngati kuti lumen wa bronchus kumanzere n'chochepa kwambiri ndi ndipamene constriction mu malo thupi la mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga wa Kukweza mawu.

Mwatsoka, kuchokera bronchiectasis ndi kawirikawiri zotheka kuchotsa kwathunthu, koma ndi thandizo la mankhwala bwino anasankha akhoza kulepheretsanso chiwonongeko cha pakhoma bronchial.

Zimayambitsa matenda

Bronchiectasis akhoza kukhala mwina kobadwa nako kapena kugula. Akukambirana anomalies kobadwa nako, iwo amaonera pamaso pa kuvutika majini ndi thupi. Bronchiectasis nthawi zambiri anamuona pa ana akuvutika enaake fibrosis ndi chitetezo limati akusowa, komanso chiwerengero cha matenda ena, kuphatikizapo matenda Young, Marfan, Kartagener.

Kuthi aakulu bronchiectasis zambiri akufotokozera pa maziko a matenda kupuma, kuphatikizapo chibayo, chifuwa chachikulu, akuphokosera chifuwa. Zifukwa monga ndi matenda awo sagwirizana. kudwala akhoza kugwirizana ndi kukhalapo kwa zotupa bronchial zomwe zingawalepheretse Ndime ya mpweya ndi sputum. Kuti mndandanda wa zifukwa monga ndi matenda chitetezo cha m'thupi, kuphatikizapo AIDS.

Bronchiectasis si nthawi zonse kugwirizana ndi kuvutika wa kapepalako kupuma mwachindunji. Kukula kwa mpanda bronchial mwina chifukwa cha mwapang'onopang'ono anam'peza matenda a m'matumbo, nyamakazi, matenda amene amatupitsa, staphylococcal matenda, kaya malo, hiatus chophukacho mu chifundamtima. Zifukwa monga zizolowezi (uchidakwa, kusuta fodya, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala), ngozi poyizoni ndi mpweya woipa.

ndikofunika kwa dokotala kudziwa chifukwa cha kusintha pathological wa bronchi, chifukwa zinthu zambiri zimadalira bwino mankhwala.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis - ndi kudwala kuti akufotokozera pang'onopang'ono. Mu masiteji koyamba zizindikiro zina khalidwe mwina kwina palimodzi. Odwala zambiri akudwala matenda okhudzana ndi kupuma, kuphatikizapo chibayo ndi pleurisy. Matenda ndi bronchiectasis - komanso zosayembekezereka pafupipafupi.

Komanso, pakhala kuwonjezeka kumaliseche sputum, makamaka ozizira nyengo, chonyowa. Nthawi zambiri muona wheezing pamene wina akapuma ndi exhaling.

Monga matenda ili m'kati, odwala lipoti maonekedwe a chifuwa - matenda pacimake m'mawa ndipo limodzi ndi kutuluka kwa wambiri muco-purulent sputum. Kudzipatula zambiri ndi chinthu chosangalatsa fungo.

Kusintha malinga bronchial bwanji kuchuluka kwa mpweya opangidwa ndi thupi. Hypoxia akutsatiridwa ndi kufooka ambiri - Odwala amadandaula kufooka zonse, kugona, chizungulire, kawirikawiri. Khungu la wodwalayo wotumbululuka, nthawi zina amatha kutenga mtundu bluish. Zizindikiro monga kufupika kwa mpweya, ndi kuti mu magawo kenako chitukuko amakhala okhazikika ndi munthu nkhawa osati pa zolimbitsa thupi, komanso pa mpumulo.

siteji matenda

Madokotala magawo atatu a matenda:

• Gawo loyamba limodzi ndi zotupa bronhoetaza zigawo bronchial mucosa. Zizindikiro ambiri pafupifupi kwina, ndi njira kwambiri za matenda imatengedwa chosaopsa.
• Pa gawo lachiwiri la ndondomeko zowononga kale amakhudza makulidwe lonse la mpanda bronchial. Odwala amadandaula chibayo payekha ndi kuonjezera buku tsiku la sputum kumaliseche.
• Pa gawo lachitatu la ndondomeko pathological zimawonedwa osati bronchi - izo kufalikira kwa pafupi m'mapapo minofu. Odwala matenda kutupa aakulu, akudandaula mvula fetid sputum. Pa nthawi imeneyi, zimachitika kutsokomola magazi.

gulu la bronchiectasis

Pali masikimu angapo a gulu la kudwala izi. Monga tanenera kale, bronchiectasis kungakhale kobadwa nako kapena kugula. The ndondomeko zowononga zina chimakwirira mbali yaing'ono ya bronchi, koma ukhoza kufika ku mbali zina za mundawo kupuma (mu nkhani iyi, ndi bronchiectasis yaikulu). Mwina maonekedwe a zotupa angapo mu madera osiyana a bronchi ndi.

Malinga mlingo wa zizindikiro, secrete ofatsa, odziletsa ndi aakulu a mtundu kudwala. Malinga Pathomorphology, bronchiectasis kungakhale atrophic kapena hypertrophic.

Tikumbukenso kuti ngati matenda Popanda kuchitapo kanthu kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa, kuphatikizapo ndiko kumayambitsa m'mapapo mwanga, kutaya magazi ambiri, amyloidosis sekondale, kupuma ndi matenda a mtima.

Bronchiectasis: matenda Laboratory zoimbidwa

Matenda a matenda - njira yaitali. Pa chizolowezi Kupenda thupi, dokotala anu kuzindikira kusintha maonekedwe a wodwalayo - chifuwa kumaoneka ngati mbiya, anasintha phalanges (mu nkhani ya magawo kenako chitukuko matenda). Pamene auscultatory Kupenda Katswiri akuti molimba kupuma ndi kukhalapo kwa rales yonyowa.

Pankhani matenda choyezera, wodwalayo koyamba kutumikiridwa atayezetsa. Against maziko a bronhektaza anati kuwonjezeka erythrocyte mlingo sedimentation, kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha maselo oyera ndi magazi m'thupi, zomwe kumayambitsa mpweya njala ya thupi. Pa zasayansi sputum Tingaone kuti kumaliseche ali ndi dongosolo atatu wosanjikiza.

njira zosiyanasiyana zoimbidwa ntchito kwa matenda komaliza. Nkhani ndi chifuwa X-ray, amene amapereka mwayi kuona malo a fibrosis, kutsimikiza pamaso pa cysts ndi yophunzitsa bronchial kudziwa kusintha chitsanzo mtima. Komanso anagwira bronchoscopy (mkati anayendera bronchus kudzera endoscope) ndi yopangidwa tomography.

mankhwala

chithandizo ndiwofatsa kumadalira siteji ya matenda. Childs, odwala Kwalamulidwa mankhwala woonda ndi ntchofu. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito immunomodulators, multivitamin maofesi. Pamaso pa chibayo bakiteriya, ndi odwala ena matenda amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala - pa macrolides zambiri ntchito ( "Azithromycin") ndi fluoroquinolones pneumotropic ( "Moxifloxacin" "Levofloxacin").

Mbali yofunika ya mankhwala ndi konzanso wa machubu bronchial, sangathe kupewa stagnation wa phlegm mu mapapo - odwala Kwalamulidwa magawo nthawi akututuma kutikita. Mutsogolere sputum thandizo ndi bwino anasankha osiyanasiyana physiotherapy. bronchiectasis chithandizo kwenikweni kumaphatikizapo kupuma kokoka. Pamene plugging wa lumen airway purulent misa anagwira mikrodrenazh ndi mankhwala ndi antiseptics. Nthawi zina wothandizila mucolytic tikuuzidwa mu lumen wa bronchus ndi michere proteolytic kuti liquefy sputum expectoration ndi atsogolere izo.

Motero ankachitira bronchiectasis. Reviews madokotala kuti ndi mankhwala pomwe angathe kuchitidwa kuti achire dongosolo ndi wabwinobwino kupuma.

Opaleshoni alowererepo ndi zochititsa

Osati nthawi zonse njira ndiwofatsa chithandizo kuti anthu athe kukhala ndi kudwala ichi monga bronchiectasis. Opaleshoni ndi zina zofunika chabe. Malinga mmene kuwonongeka, adokotala akhoza amalangiza kuchotsedwa kwathunthu m'mapapo kapena tsankho resection a m'madera okhudzidwa wa bronchi ndi.

Opaleshoni chithandizo cha matenda kobvuta zokwanira pambuyo wodwalayo amafuna konzanso yaitali.

Zakudya odwala

Chithandizo cha bronchiectasis kwenikweni zikuphatikizapo chakudya chabwino. The zakudya pazikhalanso zambiri zakudya zomanga thupi, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuchepetsa mafuta ndi magalamu 90 patsiku.

Menyu ayenera kupezeka kwambiri zakudya zokhala ndi mavitamini B ndipo A, ndi ascorbic asidi. Odwala ayenera analangiza kudya zipatso zambiri zosaphika ndi masamba, kumwa mwatsopano timadziti. pazikhalanso chiwindi pa menyu. Ntchito kumwa decoctions wa chinangwa tirigu, ndi chilombo ananyamuka.

zodzitetezera

Mwatsoka, palibe mankhwala chimene chingalepheretse chitukuko cha matenda. Koma tiyenera kuzindikira kuti bronchiectasis - ichi ndi kudwala kwambiri, zomwe ndi kosavuta kupewa. Odwala ndi anthu okhudzidwa analimbikitsa kusiya zizolowezi zoipa (monga kusuta fodya), kudya zakudya ndi kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi kupanga katemera njira pa matenda tizilombo, kuphatikizapo chifuwa akuphokosera, fuluwenza, chikuku, ndi ena.

Odwala amene alandira kale chithandizo ayenera mayina ndi dokotala, katatu pachaka kudutsa mayeso ndipo akupereka nkhani. Anthu ndi bronchiectasis alipo mu chikhululukiro muyenera zodziwitsa akonzere bronchi, njira physiotherapeutic, prophylactic chipatala chaching'ono chithandizo.