Bronchodilators: A mndandanda wa mankhwala, zotsatira zawo ndi ntchito. gulu la bronchodilators

Zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu ndi dongosolo kupuma. A wofooka chitetezo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana zoyambitsa matenda kupuma chimene chimakhudza khalidwe la moyo. Zochizira matenda madokotala ntchito yokonzekera bronchodilators. Yotsatirayi, ganizirani mmene mankhwala awa, gulu lawo ndi ntchito matenda osiyanasiyana ziwalo kupuma.

ndi bronchodilators Kodi

Kuti monga bronchodilators mankhwala ndi mankhwala kuthetsa bronchospasm ndi kumenyana zimayambitsa bronchial constriction.

Kodi matenda kumachitika limati amenewa, tiganizire moposera.

Amene matenda ntchito bronchodilators

Pali matenda amene angathe zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Bronchospasm.
• Kutupa.
• Hypersecretion a ntchofu.
• Bronchoconstriction.

Kukula kwa zizindikiro zinthu zimenezi ndi matenda otsatirawa:

• COPD.
• Bronchial mphumu.
• Obstructive pachimake matenda.
• Bronchiolitis obliterans.
• Bronchiectasis.
• Enaake fibrosis.
• Ciliary dyskinesia syndrome.
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

bronchodilators a mitundu yosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popewa bronchospasm.

mitundu ya bronchodilators

makampani mankhwala umabala mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala mu gulu ili:

• Mapiritsi.
• Otsekemera.
• Mankhwala a jekeseni.
• Odwala.
• Nebulizers.

Komanso akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo bronchodilators.

Gawo ndi mndandanda wa mankhwala

1. Agonists. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala amatha kusiya matenda kutsekeka bronchial. Ndi kutsegula kwa maselo adrenergic pansi minofu ya bronchi ndi. Ngati tikambirana bronchodilators awa, mankhwala mndandanda uli motere:

• "Epinephrine".
• "Isoprenaline".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Fenoterol".
• "Mankhwala a ephedrine".

2. M holinoblokatory. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti asalalikire matenda kutsekeka bronchial. Mankhwala gulu ili si anamasulidwa mu m'magazi ndipo alibe kanthu zokhudza zonse. Iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito inhalation yekha. Mukhoza kupanga mndandanda wa mankhwala:

• "Atropine sulphate."
• "Metacin".
• "Ipratropium bromide."
• "Flomax".

3. Phosphodiesterase zoletsa. Brohoobstruktsii cropped kuukira kumasula bronchial yosalala minofu ndi kashiamu mafunsidwe mu reticulum endoplasmic chifukwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake mwa selo. Kuwonjezera mpweya zotumphukira, ntchito kabowo. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• "Theophylline".
• "Theobromine".
• "Eufillin".

Ntchito mankhwala angayambitse chizungulire, tachycardia, lakuthwa kuchepa magazi.

4. stabilizers mafuta nembanemba selo. Ntchito yokhayo yotumikira kupewa kuphipha bronchial. Letsani kashiamu TV ndipo mwina obstruct kulowa kashiamu m'zipinda Posakhalitsa, anaphwanya degranulation ndi histamine awo zokolola. Pa nthawi kuukira anatuluka, mankhwala awa ali kale operewera. Iwo ntchito mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi kapena deta Mpweya bronchodilators. Mndandanda wa mankhwala chiri motere:

• "Cromolyn."
• "Nedocromil".
• "Ketotifen".

5. Corticosteroids. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a mitundu zovuta a mphumu bronchial. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa kupewa ndi mpumulo kuukira bronchospasm. Mndandanda pazikhalanso mankhwala zotsatirazi:

• "Hydrocortisone".
• "Prednisolone".
• "Dexamethasone".
• "Triamitsinolon".
• "Beclomethasone".

6. kashiamu njira blockers. Ntchito cupping bronhoobstuktsii. Chifukwa kashiamu njira kutsekereza kashiamu angamachite khungu, chifukwa mu zosangalatsa za machubu bronchial. Kumachepetsa spasms, dilates ziwiya inatsekeratu ndi zotumphukira. Pakuti mankhwala gulu monga:

• "Nifedipine".
• "Isradipine".

7. Mankhwala ndi antileukotriene kanthu. Letsani zolandilira leukotriene amalimbikitsa zosangalatsa bronchi. Ntchito mtundu wa mankhwala kupewa kuukira bronchial.

Iwo zimathandiza kwambiri pochiza matenda obwela cifukwa ca ntchito yaitali sanali steroidal, mankhwala odana ndi yotupa. gulu izi zikuphatikiza mankhwala zotsatirazi:

• "Zafirlukast".
• "Montelukast."

Pomaliza, tiyenera kuti kanthu ake bronchodilators mwachindunji makamaka zosangalatsa bronchi, koma m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Popeza zimene zinkachitika bronchodilators, matenda okhudzana ndi wodwala makamaka chamoyo, awerenge mankhwala.

Spirography bronchodilator

Pakuti kafukufuku cha odwala amene kawirikawiri amakhala ndi matenda a ziwalo kupuma, woikidwa spirography. Nthawi zambiri pa nthawi imene pali zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• A chifuwa kuti sasiya kwa nthawi yaitali kale.
• Kupuma movutikira.
• Kupuma linamveka wheezing, mluzu.
• Ngati muli kuvutika kupuma.

Njira kafukufuku amalola kudziwa kusintha mu buku m'mapapo ndi magwiridwe. njirayi ndi otetezeka kotheratu, koma amapereka zambiri za cholinga cha mankhwala.

Kuchita spirography kungakhale ntchito bronchodilators. Mndandanda wa mankhwala mwina zikuphatikizapo medicaments zotsatirazi:

• "Berotek".
• "Ventalin".

Spirography bronchodilator anachita pamaso ndipo pambuyo kumwa mankhwalawa, kupeza momwe chida pa kugwira ntchito kwa mapapo. Komanso, ngati mankhwala ntchito, ulesi machubu bronchial, ndi otsimikiza ngati bronchospasm kusintha kapena sizingasinthe. Mankhwalawa ndi analandira mwa nebulizer kapena aerosol.

Kuchotsa kuukira mphumu

Lekani kuweruza mankhwala ntchito mphumu. Bronchodilators mu mphumu mankhwala ofunika kwambiri amene ali yokhala mphumu monga kuthetsa kuukira mwadzidzidzi komanso prophylaxis awo. Izi zikhoza monga mitundu zotsatirazi bronchodilators:

• Beta-agonists.
• Anticholinergic mankhwala.
• "Theophylline".

Mankhwala a magulu awiri oyambirira yabwino anatengedwa ntchito inhaler kapena nebulizer.

Pamene mphumu kuukira zayamba Akufunika kuti athandize Mwaichi, ndi wotenga nthawi yochepa Mpweya bronchodilators. Iwo achotsedwa mofulumira ndi bronchospasm bronchus Kuwulura. Pasanathe mphindi, bronchodilators awachotsere mkhalidwe wa mtima, ndipo mmene amapitirizabe kwa maola 2-4. Mothandizidwa ndi inhaler kapena nebulizer akhoza kuchotsa bronchospasm kuukira kunyumba. Njira imeneyi yobereka mankhwala dongosolo kupuma amachepetsa chiwerengero cha chingachitike mbali mosiyana pakumwa mapiritsi kapena jekeseni ayenera kulowa magazi.

Ntchito yochepa wotenga bronchodilators kuukira, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuchita zimenezi ndi ambulansi. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito iwo kuposa kawiri pa mlungu, muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala. Mwina m'pofunika kulimbikitsa ulamuliro pa njira ya matenda, mungafunike kusintha njira mankhwala.

Kulamulira khunyu bronchodilators

Pofuna kusunga khunyu lolamulidwa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito bronchodilators yaitali wotenga. Iwo akhoza kumwedwa ndi inhalation. zotsatira zake anakhalabe maola 12. Mankhwalawa zotsatirazi:

• "Formoterol". Pamafunika zotsatira mkati mphindi 5-10. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa kuukira ndi kuwachitira. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito ana, koma moyang'aniridwa ndi munthu wamkulu.
• "Salmetorol". M'thupi kuukira mkati mphindi. Zotsatira amalimbikira maola 12. mankhwala akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu akuluakulu.

mankhwala a matenda

Kumene, nthaŵi zambiri zofunika bronchodilators matenda. Makamaka ngati matenda kwapita mu gawo aakulu kapena bronchial kutsekeka zimawonedwa. Zochizira matenda, mungagwiritse ntchito zambiri bronchodilators. Mndandanda wa mankhwala zikhoza kuwoneka ngati izi:

• "Izadrin".
• "Ipradol".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Flomax".
• "Eufillin".

zotsatira zabwino mu mankhwala a matenda zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito bronchodilators kwa inhalation ntchito nebulizer kapena inhaler. Pankhaniyi, bronchodilator, monga 'Salbutamol, amapita mwachindunji ku cholinga yotupa ndipo akuyamba bwanji vuto popanda kulowa m'magazi pa nthawi yomweyo. Izi kwambiri amachepetsa chiwonetsero cha zochita chokhwima kwa mankhwala. N'kofunikanso kuti njira imeneyi idzachitika ndi ana popanda vuto lililonse thanzi, koma phindu mu mankhwala a matenda.

Ndipo tsopano mawu ochepa za zochitika chowawa bronchodilators.

zotsatira zoyipazi

Pamene ntchito bronchodilators yochepa kapena kuleza akuchita sitinganyalanyaze mavuto. Mukalandira yochepa wotenga bronchodilators - ndi monga 'Salbutamol', 'terbutaline, "" fenoterol "- zitheka osafunika zotsatira:

• Chizungulire.
• Mutu.
• Kukokana kenaka utentha mamba nthambi.
• Jitters.
• Tachycardia, palpitations.
• Arrhythmia.
• Kuthamanga magazi.
• Hypersensitivity.
• Hypokalemia.

Olimbikitsidwa kumasulidwa formulations, monga "Salmeterol" "formoterol", yodziwika ndi zotsatira zotsatirazi mbali:

• Kugwedeza kwa manja ndi mapazi.
• Chizungulire.
• Mutu.
• Kukokana kwa minofu.
• Palpitations.
• Kusintha kukoma.
• Nseru.
• kugona chisokonezo.
• Hypokalemia.
• Odwala mphumu angathe aakulu paradoxical bronchospasm.

Pa zosayembekezereka ya zovuta zilizonse muyenera auzeni adokotala kusintha mlingo kapena kusintha mankhwala.

contraindications

Pali matenda amene ntchito ndi contraindicated bronchodilators kumachita nthawi yochepa. akuti:

• Hyperthyroidism.
• matenda a mtima.
• Oopsa.
• Shuga.
• Matenda enaake.

Muyenera kusamala kwambiri pamaso pa zinthu izi pamene kulandira bronchodilators magulu ena.

Dziwani kuti kwa amayi apakati ndi bwino kusankha yochepa wotenga bronchodilators. Nthawi mankhwala "theophylline" angathe kumwedwa kwa mawu 2 ndi osapitirira 1 nthawi patsiku. Pamaso yobereka mu masabata 2-3 M'pofunika kuthetsa yaitali wotenga bronchodilators phwando.

Dziwani kuti si onse bronchodilators akhoza kutumikiridwa kwa ana, amayi okalamba ndipo amayi apakati.

Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala awa onetsetsani kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Kusamala

Ngati mwapatsidwa bronchodilators, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi mlingo ayenera mosamalitsa anaona kupewa zoipa thanzi lawo.

Chithandizo cha ana ndi ntchito nebulizer kapena inhaler bronchodilator kuchititsa mosamalitsa kuyang'aniridwa ndi munthu wamkulu.

Iwo ayenera kusamala makamaka kuchitira anthu okhala:

• Mtima mungoli chisokonezo.
• Kuthamanga magazi.
• Shuga.
• Khungu.

Chenjezo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito bronchodilators ena sympathomimetics. Dziwani kuti angathe hypokalemia yoyang'anira concomitant ndi theophylline, corticosteroids, okodzetsa.

Bronchodilators ayenera kumwedwa yekha mankhwala. Kumbukirani kuti kudziletsa mankhwala oopsa.