Bungwe la American States (OAS)

Mabungwe yaikulu padziko lonse tsopano kololedwa m'kagulu ndi OAS. Association, chotchedwa bungwe la American States, ali zolinga ndi mfundo za ntchito yawo bwino, anavomereza hayala, dongosolo nthambi ndi chidwi chiwerengero cha Member States. Cholinga chathu ndi kuti adziwane bwino mwatsatanetsatane ndi pamwamba.

Kodi OAS

Bungwe la American States (Eng. Bungwe la limati American, FR. Organization des États américains, Spanish. Organización de A Los estados americanos, doko. Organização zoyenera Estados Americanos), OAS (OAS) wotchedwa mgwirizano wa mayiko wa limati, kupangidwa mu 1948 9 TH msonkhano yapakati-American mumzinda Colombia wa Bogota. Mariya anali Pan Union American (1889) - chenjezo kucheza ndi chiwerengero cha limati American.

Monga mbali ya OAS 35 (33 panopa) mayiko membala. Anayi ntchito zinenero - English, Portuguese, Spanish ndi French. The yosamalira thupi la bungwe - ndi General Assembly. Mutu ofesi ya kucheza ili mu United States - Washington.

Bungwe la American States maphunziro. OAS: History

OAS mu mawonekedwe a Pan Union American anayamba kugwira ntchito yake mu 1889 - woyamba wa mayiko American Conference, unachitikira ku Washington. Iwo anali anakonza maziko mabungwe ndi malangizo ndi kwavomelezedwa ndi maziko a gulu. Chaka kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe la American States imatengedwa kukhala mu 1948 - chaka kusaina hayala ake. Kwenikweni, analowa mu 1951

Pakuti ambiri limati membala anali yodziwika ndi mchitidwe kuloŵa OAS pomwepo pa chiphaso kapena reconquest ufulu wodzilamulira. Kuchotserapo anali Canada (1990) ndi Guyana (1991) Chachiwiri chinali dziko otsiriza anatengera lero mu Union ndi American.

Mpaka 1962, Cuba ankaona membala wodzala ndi OAS, koma atasankha njira yake lamadyerero, Assembly General, pofuna chitetezo cha anthu ake waganiza amapatula State kwa anthu ake. Bungwe la American States amagwiritsidwa lokakamiza anthu ake nadzawasankhula maubwenzi anu onse zamtendere ndi Cuba, ngakhale ena a iwo amachoka motsutsa izo. Only 3 July 2009 kuyimitsidwa wa nawo dziko lino mu OAS yayimitsidwa, koma boma Cuba sanapite kusankha kubwerera ku Union.

Mu 1971 anaganiza kuti atchule bungwe la OAS zimenezi. Mu 2015, udindo akhala m'mayiko 70, kuphatikizapo ku Russia. Panopa, udindo ndi malo a bungwe la American States kwambiri wofooka ndi mwangwiro Latin American mgwirizano popanda United States - UNASUR (Union of American South Nations), CELAC (Community of Latin American ndi Caribbean States).

Mu April 2017 Pulezidenti wa Venezuela Nicolas Maduro anatumiza kwa Secretariat General wa OAS kalata imene iye ananena kuti boma lake kwa yomweyo kusiya Union.

Nawo mayiko kaphatikizidwe

Choncho, amene ali mbali ya bungwe la American States:

• US;
• Dominica;
• Peru;
• Uruguay;
• Barbados;
• Honduras;
• Antigua ndi Barbuda;
• Mexico;
• El Salvador;
• Paraguay;
• Guyana;
• Trinidad, Tobago;
• Saint Lucia;
• Colombia;
• Nicaragua;
• Bolivia;
• Suriname;
• Panama;
• Chile;
• St. Vincent, ndi Grenadines;
• Costa Rica;
• Dominican Republic;
• Guatemala;
• St. Kitts, Nevis;
• Bahamas;
• Argentina;
• Belize;
• Canada;
• Ecuador;
• Grenada;
• Mexico;
• Brazil;
• Jamaica.

Kale mu Union chiwerengero cha Cuba ndi Venezuela.

zolinga OAS

Zolinga za bungwe la American States, pa maziko a hayala, zotsatirazi:

• Kulimbikitsa mtendere ndi chitetezo pa maiko awiri American.
• Patsogolo kusunga mfundo sanali alowererepo, kulimbitsa m'mayiko nawo a boma nthumwi demokalase.
• Zimathandiza kuthetsa mtendere mikangano pakati mayiko membala, komanso kuteteza mikangano zotheka kwa kukhwima.
• Kulowa mphamvu likhoza mokwiya kunja.
• Zimathandiza kuthetsa ena mwa mavuto a maiko nawo - chuma, chikhalidwe, malamulo.
• Limbikitsani chitukuko chonse zokhudza chikhalidwe ndi za chuma.
• Pangani malangizo a chitukuko, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zida, tiyeni zinthu zonse chitukuko ndi zachuma.

Zoyamba za ntchito Union ndi

Creation wa bungwe la American States kutanthauza potsatira kwambiri anthu ake ndi chiwerengero cha mfundo:

• mogwirizana Normal pakati pa ophunzira ndi malamulo adziko lonse lapansi.
• Ubale wa maiko nawo zimamangidwa pa kulemekeza ufulu ya ulamuliro wa States ndi umunthu wa nzika, komanso pamaziko a potsatira kwambiri zotchulidwa mapangano mayiko udindo.
• Relations pakati pa zipani OAS kukhala pa mfundo za chikhulupiriro chabwino ndi kukhulupirirana.
• Aliyense Party State monga cholinga chake chachikulu ndi kusankha chipangizo wogwira mtima nthumwi demokalase.
• Cooperation wa maiko OAS mfundo zoletsa kulowelera mu ndondomeko zina, ufulu wa a boma.
• M'mayiko nawo sizilingana nkhondo mwaukali.
• Olusa wina ndi membala imatengedwa ngati mokwiya motsutsa OAS lonse.
• mikangano pakati pa magulu ayenera kuthetsedwa kokha mwa bata.
• mgwirizano Economic ayenera kuyambitsa moyo wamkulu wa nzika za States Member.
• Maziko a dziko ndi chikhalidwe chitetezo ndi chilungamo.
• ufulu wa munthu nzika zonse zimakhala zofanana - mosasamala kanthu za amuna kapena akazi, mtundu ndi zaka.
• Mgwirizano wauzimu wa maiko OAS zachokera kulemekezana chikhalidwe mitundu mzake, kufunafuna zolinga mkulu chikhalidwe cha anthu.
• Ntchito ya sukulu ya limati OAS zikhazikitsidwe Kukwezeleza mtendere, ufulu dziko ndi ofanana.

OAS kapangidwe

Bungwe la American States (OAS) akuchita zolinga zake utsogoleri wolowezana zotsatirazi za akuluakulu:

• Assembly General;
• yomva maganizo ndi chenjezo thupi la Affairs okhonda Atumiki a States Zisangalalo;
• Nsonga;
• Komiti yapakati-American pa Affairs Milandu;
• Commission Special yapakati-American Lokhudza Ufulu wa Anthu;
• Secretariat The General;
• mabungwe apadera ndi misonkhano.

N'zotheka chilengedwe cha phunziro nkhani zina yothandizira mabungwe ndi matupi.

Bungwe la American States hayala

The OAS hayala Analeredwa 30.04.1948 mu Bogota (Colombia). Amakhala mbali 3, 23 m'machaputala ndi 151 nkhani. akuphatikizapo chiri motere:

• Gawo 1:
  • Chikhalidwe cha zikalata anatchula zolinga zikuluzikulu za gulu.
  • OAS mfundo.
  • Fundo zokhuza mamembala a bungwe.
  • Kuwulura maganizo "chitukuko mabuku" mu chimango cha State Union.
• Gawo 2:
  • Kapangidwe ka gulu.
  • Chakudya cha General Assembly.
  • Mfundo za Msonkhano kafukufuku wa Atumiki a Mkati.
  • Nsonga ya gulu: kamba ambiri; Nkhani, kumvetsa ntchito ku Bungwe la Permanent.
  • The yapakati-American Social ndi Council Economic.
  • Board wa Maphunziro, Sayansi ndi Culture.
  • Komiti ya bungwe la American States Malamulo.
  • Commission pa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe.
  • Secretariat General.
  • Nkhani pa misonkhano yapadera ya.
  • Mfundo mabungwe apadera.
• Gawo 3:
  • kamba zosiyanasiyana kwa bukuli.
  • Ratification ndi nthawi.
  • Kulanda chakudya zosakhalitsa.

Tiyeni tione chakudya chofunika kwambiri pangano mwatsatanetsatane.

Za General Assembly

Chachikulu bungwe lolamulira la bungwe la American States anazindikira mwa General Assembly. Iwo amachita mkati kapangidwe chiwerengero cha ntchito zofunika:

• Imalongosola zamoyo zina wamba a ntchito ndi ndondomeko ya dongosolo lonse.
• Limachita mbali zonse za ubale pakati pa mamembala.
• Imayang'anira ntchito ya matupi onse wamng'ono ndi mabungwe.
• Kulimbitsa ndi kukhala mogwirizana ndi UN.
• Zimayesetsa kulengeza mgwirizano ndi mabungwe ena padziko lonse mu muzochitika, mfundo zachuma ndi chikhalidwe, kupereka mmalo mabungwe ndi zolinga zofanana.
• Amavomereza pulogalamu bajeti ya bungwe la American States, zomwe zikukhazikitsa kukula kwa kuumba gulu.
• Imvani malipoti onse ndi mbiri pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma ndi mabungwe.
• Utenga malamulo ambiri amene akuthamanga Secretariat General.
• Pamafunika malamulo ake onse ndi 2/3 pa ankafuna kukambirana.

Mwamtheradi mayiko onse OAS awa akuimira mu General Assembly; Aliyense ali oyenera kukhala voti imodzi yokha. bungwe limeneli wapamwamba akukumana chaka chilichonse mu mzinda, amene anasankhidwa malingana ndi mfundo kusinthana. kusagwirizanaku onse ovomerezedwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mavoti. Kupatulapo - ntchito zinafotokozedwa hayala, kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa omwe uyenera kukhala 2/3 "chifukwa".

Za OAS Member States

Pano pali kamba lapadera kwambiri limati membala wa bungwe la American States:

• Khomo la Association ndi lotseguka kwa dziko American kapena mgwirizano wa mayiko wokonzeka kulandira maudindo onse a hayala ndi kulemba izo.
• Kusankha pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa membala watsopano anatsimikiza ndi voti ya gulu lonse - kwa chigamulo zabwino ndi zofunika 2/3 ambiri.
• mamembala onse a limati OAS ndi ufulu wofanana ndi ntchito.
• Aliyense wa gulu sayenera okha njira zapadera chitukuko cha ndale, chuma ndi chikhalidwe moyo wake.
• Palibe ziwalo ali ndi ufulu, ngakhale ayi, kulowerera pa zochitika mkati mwa boma lina.
• Dera lililonse State Member adzakhala inviolable.
• mikangano yonse idzadza titsimikize kokha mwa bata - ndi chigamulo, conciliation, zokambirana mwachindunji, Kuthi malamulo, etc ...
• Ngati kukhulupirika ndi kukhulupirika kwa chimodzi kapena zingapo States Zisangalalo ibowoledwe, ziwalo zina OAS ayenera adzaima wake / ulamuliro wawo.

Kuwulura maganizo "chitukuko mabuku" mu chimango cha OAS

Mabuku chitukuko cha mamembala a bungwe la American States (OAS), chinanena mu hayala ake, zikutanthauza zotsatirazi:

• Kuwonjezeka nthawi zonse GDP, kufalitsidwa kuwapatsa ndalama dziko, dongosolo chokwanira msonkho, wamakono wa malimidwe, khola mtengo msinkhu, osati S / N, kumayambiriro zamakono mankhwala, chilengedwe cha mfundo yabwino moyo anthu, ndi zina zotero D..
• Kupereka mwayi misika dziko m'madera awo, kulenga zinthu yabwino kwa mapeto a mapangano ntchito padziko lonse, patsogolo mwayi katundu, ndi zina zotero. D.
• Kulemekeza ufulu wa munthu wa nzika zake, powapatsa bata chuma, chikhalidwe chitetezo, ufulu mwauzimu; chilengedwe cha dongosolo la zamalamulo amateteza ufulu wa nzika iliyonse, popanda yekha; kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabungwe malonda; pulayimale ndi sekondale, ndi kumafika paliponse apamwamba T. d.

The OAS ndi chimodzi mwa mayanjano wamkulu American lonse. gulu amabweretsa pamodzi lero mayiko 33, ali ndi dongosolo nthambi, lamulo yake ndi zolinga ndi mfundo zodziwika bwino.