Mark wa kuvomereza - monga ina. National ndi zizindikiro padziko lonse mofanana, PCT chizindikiro

Anthu masiku ano amatchedwa ogula anthu. Tsopano anthu enanso ambirimbiri zosiyanasiyana katundu chawonjezeka kuposa momwe sunachitikirenso. Mwa alimi ambiri osiyana ndi ogula mosavuta kusochera ndi zovuta kusankha bwino ndi kugula ndendende zimene mukufuna. Kuti mumatsindikanso katundu kwenikweni apamwamba m'khamulo, anatulukira ndipo anayamba ndi Mark wa kuvomereza - khalidwe wapadera, zomwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala kapena ma CD ake, ndi kuuza ogula kuti mankhwala umagwirizana ndi muyezo dziko kapena mayiko.

Monga Mlengi alandira chizindikiro cha motsata?

Quality Mark akhoza analandira ngati sewerolo pa maziko zaufulu ndi ndithu. Poona khalidwe la katundu ndi Commission wapadera chitsimikizo, amene anagwira kumupima n'kutsimikizira kuti mankhwala kapena mankhwala complies ndi malangizo zonse zofunikira gulu la mankhwala. Pamene kumupima ali n'komwe zifukwa zambiri - kuchokera luso zosakaniza amene amapanga zinthu. Zizindikiro kumvera akhoza kukhala pagulu, mayiko, mitundu, kapena ngakhale mwapadera kwa gulu lapadera la katundu ndi mankhwala. Pamaso pa chizindikiro khalidwe kwambiri kumalimbitsa ogula chikhulupiriro, ndipo pamapeto pake kupindula alimi onse. Choncho, makampani ambiri ndi mabungwe kuchititsa chitsimikizo zaufulu katundu, ngakhale si koyenera.

nkhani

M'zaka za m'ma XIX amalonda Russian anakayesera kuti awawombole katundu kuti Mapu, monga izo zinali kopindulitsa. Pofuna kukwaniritsa ulemu uwu mkulu, mankhwala awo akhale wapamwamba kwambiri, ndiyeno kuika wapadera chizindikiro - Court katundu Imperial Wake Ufumu. Pa mankhwala zimathandiza kuika chizindikiro dziko, kutsimikizira kuti zimene mkulu wa Mfumu yekha. Kenako chizindikiro khalidwe anaonekera mu Soviet Union - nyenyezi pentagonal, zofanana ndi chiwerengero anthu. chizindikiro cha kalata motsata ndi mwalamulo anaonekera mu 1967, izo anatsimikizira kwambiri khalidwe katundu kapena mankhwala ochokera Commission National chitsimikizo kwa nthawi ya zaka zitatu. Pamaso pa nyenyezi aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino amalola Mlengi kuti 10% umafunika mtengo, ndipo makampani onse adafunafuna iye. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, Soviet Union zomwe zinachititsa chakuti mankhwala ndi motsata ndi khalidwe zizindikiro, sanali monga apamwamba monga zaka zam'mbuyo.

PCT

Pambuyo Soviet Union linagwa, chilemba kale khalidwe unasiya kukhala okhudzidwa, ndipo m'malo mwa chizindikiro latsopano mitundu kutsalira. mfundo boma la ulimi ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza ndipo adafikapo ndi akuluakulu zogwirizana ndi makampani. PCT chizindikiro cha motsata (Rostest) amavalidwa okha pa anthu mankhwala ndi mankhwala udindo wa Agency Federal kwa zaumisiri lamulo ndi Metrology kwa Utumiki wa Makampani ndi Mphamvu ya la Russia, kapena Akuluakulu abomawa. Kulembetsa kupelekedwa ndi boma Standard la Chitaganya cha Russia akuchita zizindikiro, zimene zikutsimikiziridwa ndi chiphaso wapadera. Ngati chizindikiro amenewa aikidwa pa katundu, pansi ziyenera kusonyeza kachidindo alphanumeric za thupi zimene chikalata satifiketi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito fano ili mu malonda, pa letterheads, pa chithunzi cha chuma, etc. PCT chizindikiro kukutsimikizira ogula mkulu amasokoneza anagula, amene complies ndi malamulo a boma ndi zofunika zolimbana anatengera latsopano la Russia.

Russian chizindikiro

Kuchokera mu 1999, Russia waimitsa mpikisano dziko la mankhwala khalidwe. chizindikiro ichi amagwira ntchito magulu osiyana a zinthu, zomwe zatenga malo pamwamba pa mpikisano. Mark a satifiketi motsata zikuwoneka ngati pentagonal chizindikiro pakati pa chomwe ndi chifaniziro cha mphungu mitu iwiri. mtundu Russian ali madigiri atatu - kwa utumiki womwewo quality, zipangizo zatsopano ndi zotsimikizira katundu wapamwamba kwambiri. chizindikiro ichi amagwira ntchito gulu sanali phindu ndipo ali chuma chawo. Mafakitale amene kuitanitsa katundu yachilendo zopangidwa ku msika Russian kwa zaka zisanu kapena kuposerapo, pali wapadera nomination - mankhwala katundu kumsika Russian.

khalidwe zizindikiro padziko lonse

Pafupifupi m'mayiko onse otukuka ndi zolemba zawo quality, omwe amalandira Mlengi, ngati onse mfundo dziko ndi zofunika mu kupanga zinthu zawo kapena katundu. m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi malamulo osiyana Mwachitsanzo, pali mankhwala zosakaniza kapena mankhwala amene analetsa m'mayiko ambiri, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito limati zina. Pankhaniyi, katundu kungakhale kokha chizindikiro mitundu satifiketi mofanana, ngati likukwaniritsa zofunikira lonse, ndiye Mlengi mukhoza kupeza chilolezo ntchito zilembo mayiko kapena ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

zizindikiro khalidwe European

Chimodzi mwa kuzindikira ndi ambiri ankaona kuti chilemba CE - Conformite Europeenne, motsata European. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti mankhwala olemba makalata amenewa limati osati kuti katundu wa high quality, koma za moyo wake. chizindikiro Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti mankhwala complies ndi mfundo za ulimi anatengera ku European Union. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mankhwala onse opanga Europe, koma kulowa msika European. Katundu za gulu la zipangizo za magetsi ndi luso adzakhala chizindikiro ENEC - European malamulo Magetsi chitsimikizo. Kupezeka kwa oterowo chizindikiro pa mankhwala kukutsimikizira chitetezo ndi mkulu khalidwe zida zamagetsi. Mu UK, chizindikiro khalidwe ndi makalata BSI - British Standarts Institution. Iye amagwira ntchito machitidwe kasamalidwe mankhwala ndi nkhani za chitsimikizo lachitatu chipani. TUV chizindikiro - chodetsa mmodzi wa mabungwe wamkulu mu Germany, zikalata za katundu osiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala. chizindikiro ichi akhoza anapanga mtundu uliwonse ndi zosiyanasiyana zolemba.

mfundo ISO

ISO, Organization Mayiko kwa Sertification - ndi mayiko loloseredwa gulu odzipereka mfundo. Izo analengedwa mu 1946 ndi nawo mwachindunji la Soviet Union, mwa limati zina 25. Mfundo za bungwe ili liwerengedwa malinga ndi gulu la katundu, kugwilizana ndi mfundo izi mayiko amatitsimikizira mankhwala apamwamba kapena mankhwala chimatengedwa m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse. ISO chitsimikizo aikidwa pa katundu, ma CD kapena mwachindunji mankhwala.

zizindikiro zachilengedwe

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, anthu ambiri akuda nkhawa chilengedwe, ndipo nthawi zambiri kusankha mankhwala makamaka kapena mankhwala makasitomala zimadalira kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zina zimene zimasonyeza zachilengedwe mankhwala wochezeka. The kuzindikira kwambiri za zizindikiro - mfundoyo mwina kuwonetsedwa ku wobiriwira kapena wakuda ndi oyera. Chizindikiro ichi zikutanthauza kuti ma CD akhoza zobwezerezedwanso. Muvi, kansalu, kumafunanso ma CD wochezeka - yobwezeretsanso zinyalala ntchito zina. Man ndi dengu zikutanthauza pempho Mlengi wa kuwataya ma CD ku zinyalala osati mapazi. loterolo umagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu ya katundu amene anafuna kuti ntchito ya panja pa nyumba - zosiyanasiyana wrappers, wrappers, etc. M'mayiko CIS ndi chizindikiro ntchito kawirikawiri opanga molondola - angapezeke pa ma CD ya kusamba ufa kapena mankhwala otsukira mano. Kuwayika zizindikiro za mankhwala amenewa si zomveka.

Pali kulemba kwa katundu wa gulu lina, kuonetsera ntchito zawo. Mwachitsanzo, Latin kalata U mozungulila dziko amagwiritsidwa ntchito potanthauza zakudya woyeretsedwa ndi wosadyeratu zanyama zilizonse chizindikiro camomile anapanga mtundu wobiriwira ntchito ntchito mankhwala amene ukunenedwa okha mbale zamasamba, ndipo ikusonyeza kuti mankhwala lili zosakaniza masamba palibe. Schematically kukopedwa kalulu ndi mawu Osati anawayesa nyama zikusonyeza kuti mayesero nyama siinkachitidwa mu chitukuko cha sayansi. Zizindikiro zimenezi, onyamula zofunika kuthandiza ogula kusankha mokomera mankhwala makamaka kapena katundu.

Mlengi amene ali ndi chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro quality, ali ndi mwayi mu mpikisano. Mark wa kuvomereza - ndi chitsimikizo kuti, kupanga chinthu, ogula sapunthwa pa ulimi wa kalasi otsika kuti katundu anagula sadzachititsa zoipa thanzi kapena chilengedwe.