Canada: dziko lonse la anthu. Chiyukireniya Chisilamu ku Canada. Anthu a ku Canada

Chikhalidwe ichi n'chokongola kwambiri kwa alendo, kotero anthu a ku Canada amasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Ambiri mwa anthu othawa kwawo amachokera ku umoyo wapamwamba, maphunziro, zochitika zachilengedwe komanso zinthu zina zapitukuko. Imodzi mwa diasporas yambiri ya Canada ndi Chiyukireniya ndi Russian.

Anthu achimwenye

Mafuko amakono a boma adakhazikitsidwa m'mbiri yonse. Anthu oyambirira a ku Canada amakhala m'madera a boma ngakhale iwo asanalowetsedwe ndi Azungu. Mitundu ya Eskimos inkapezeka ku gombe la Arctic. Koma gawo lalikulu la dzikolo linali lokhala ndi Amwenye. Malingana ndi malo okhala, mafukowa anali ndi dzina lawo. Anthu akumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo anali mafuko a Atapaski, Tlingit ndi Haida. Onsewa anali ogwirizana ndi chinenero chimodzi, chomwe chinali ndi dzina la ndalama.

Kwenikweni kumapeto kwa dzikoli pali banja lina - Algonquin-Wakash. Anaphatikizapo Cree, Montagne ndi Naskapi. Gawo la kumadzulo linali Selish, Nutka, komanso Kwakiutl. Banja la Hoka-Siu linali ndi mafuko a Sioux, Iroquois, Huron. Malo awo okhala ankakhudza madera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada masiku ano.

Kotero, mafuko a mafuko anali dziko la Canada. Chiwerengero cha anthu onse chinali banja losiyana. Chiwerengero cha mamembala awo chinali anthu mazana awiri ndi makumi awiri mphambu makumi awiri. Ntchito yaikulu ya mafuko inali kusaka, kusodza ndi ulimi.

Middle Ages

M'nthaŵi yambiri yopezeka, Canada yasintha. Chikhalidwe cha anthu chasintha kwambiri chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka makoloni. Anthu a ku Ulaya akhala akusefukira kwambiri m'mayiko a kumpoto kwa America. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi ya zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, pakati pa alendo ochokera kunja, a England ndi a Scots analipo. Kenaka mwayiwu unapitsidwira kwa Achifalansa. Chifukwa cha ichi, maofesi ambiri a Canada anayamba kuonekera ku Canada. Koma panthawi yomweyi, chikhalidwe chawo chinakhudza anthu ammudzi. Kuwonjezeka kwa chilengedwe kunali kochepa kwambiri, chifukwa alendo ochokera kumayiko ena anabwera ndi matenda, mowa, zida. Zowonongeka nthawi zonse, zomwe oimira mafuko anafa, zinali zachilendo.

M'zaka zikubwerazi mphamvuzi zasungidwa. Chiwerengero cha okoloni chinakula, panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi anthu ammudzi omwe adakhala ochepa. Kuchepetsa kwa chiwerengero chawo kunakhudzidwanso ndi ndondomeko ya boma lopezeka latsopano, lomwe linayesa kukakamiza anthu kupita ku malo omwe adasankhidwa.

Zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano

Panthawiyi, mafuko a boma ndi osakanizirana ochokera m'mayiko onse. Ngakhale kuti chiŵerengero cha anthu ndi otsika kwambiri, koma anthu okhawo amadziwika ndi kusiyana kwawo ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana. Kuphatikizana kwa mizere sizodabwitsa, chifukwa mafuko makumi atatu ndi anayi amakhala pamodzi mwamtendere m'deralo. Ambiri mwa iwo sapitirira anthu zikwi zana. Komabe, pali diasporas yotere, omwe oimira ake oposa mamiliyoni.

Ndipotu, anthu ambiri okhala m'dziko lawo ndi a Canada. Koma ngati mutayang'ana mbali ya mbiri yakale, ambiri a iwo ndi mbadwa za alendo. Komabe, amadzitcha okha ngati anthu a ku Canada.

Nzika zazing'ono

Oimira maiko osiyanasiyana ndi Canada. Mtundu wa anthu ndi wosiyana kwambiri chifukwa cha ma diasporas ambiri.

Mosiyana, otchedwa ang'onoang'ono ooneka amaonekera. Pansi pa lingaliro limeneli, anthu omwe sali oimira Caucasoid akuphatikizidwa, koma makolo awo sali aboriginal. Gululi ndilo limodzi mwa magawo asanu mwa anthu omwe ali ngati Canada. Mtundu wa anthu uli ndi mitundu yosiyana kwambiri ndi oimira "ochepa" omwe akuchokera ku South Asia, China, Africa ndi South America. Komanso m'gulu ili ndi Philippines ndi Arabia. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha "zochepa zooneka" ku Ontario ndi ku Alberta.

Magulu angapo achikhalidwe amatchedwa anthu oyambirira okhala ku Canada. Iwo amawerengetsa pafupifupi milioni imodzi ndi theka, koma lero amapanga zisanu peresenti ya chiwerengero cha anthu onse.

Maonekedwe a Chiyukireniya diasporas

Mayiko a ku Ukraine ku Canada ndi amodzi komanso ambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali kufunafuna chisangalalo, chomwe chinapangitsa a Ukrainians kudziko la demokalase. Ambiri mwa anthu othawa kwawo anayenera kuchoka m'mayiko awo kuti athe kudyetsa mabanja awo. Ambiri adachoka kumadzulo kwa dzikoli, kumene adalima nthaka. Ntchito imeneyi kudziko lakwawo sinabweretse zomwe zingakhale zabwino, koma ndalama zina. Woyamba, osati mantha kuchoka ku Ukraine kudutsa nyanja, anali mabanja asanu ndi limodzi ochokera ku Galicia. Ndiwo omwe adatsegula njira yawo ku Canada zaka zana ndi makumi awiri zapitazo.

Kusamukira kudziko lina kunali kovuta kwambiri kwa anthu okhala kumadzulo kwa Ukraine, pamene anali kupsyinjika kuchokera ku Poland ndiyeno kuchokera ku boma la chikomyunizimu. Kwa anthu ena, visa ku Canada inali mwayi wotsiriza wa moyo wamba. Ochokera kudziko lina anayesera kuti athawe ku Stalin kutsidya kwa nyanja.

Kusamukira kwachiwiri kunayamba pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union. M'nthaŵi zovuta za maiko atsopano kumene, anthu ambiri okhala kumayiko ena anasamukira kudziko lina kufunafuna moyo wabwino. Chinthu chosiyana ndi chigawo ichi cha anthu ogwira ntchito chinali cholinga. Ngati anthu oyambirira ayesa kuthawa, tsopano akusankha nyumba yatsopano kuchokera ku malo apamwamba. Canada inakopa anthu ochokera kumayiko ena ndi malamulo ake okhudzidwa ndi anthu othawa kwawo. Komanso, izi sizinali zopanda phindu. Akuluakulu a boma adapereka chithandizo chabwino kwa anthu ogwira ntchito kumeneku, mwayi wopeza maphunziro ndi kuwathandiza kupeza ntchito. Anthu agonjetsa kutalika kwakukulu kuti athetse tsogolo losangalatsa la ana awo.

Moyo wamakono wa anthu ochoka ku Ukraine

Panthawiyi, anthu a ku Canada omwe amakhala ku Ukraine amakhala ku Alberta, Saskatchewan ndi Manitoba. Madera amenewa ndi otchedwa Ukraine wachiwiri. Pali chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha anthu. Kuchokera mu 2000, chiŵerengero cha anthu okhala m'madera amenewa chawonjezeka ndi anthu 138,000. Makhalidwe abwino oterewa amatsimikiziridwa ndi ndondomeko ya boma, yomwe imayendera alendo ndi alendo otsekedwa pansi pa zovuta.

Akuluakulu a boma la Canada akuonetsetsa kuti anthu a ku Ukraine akudutsa malire kuti asamayende bwino ndi achibale awo komanso anzawo. Izi ndi zabwino kwa makampani a zokopa alendo.

Tsopano boma limaganizira mozama kwambiri chisankho cha kulowa kwaulere kwa Ukrainians. Pali kusintha kwa nkhani zina zamakono zokhudzana ndi kulembetsa kulembetsa malo osatha, kukhala ndi mwayi wopindulitsa, inshuwalansi ya zachipatala ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito.

Ntchito ya Ukrainians ku Canada

Monga momwe dziko la Ukraine limanenera ku Canada likuyimira kwambiri, motero alendo ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana akugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ntchito yotchuka kwambiri imalandira alendowo omwe akukonzekera miyoyo yawo pasadakhale m'dziko lina. Choyamba ndikutulutsa visa yapadera, yomwe ingakupatseni ntchito. Koma mungapeze chikalatacho pokhapokha mutakhala ndi chiitanidwe kuchokera kwa abwana. Njira ina ndi pulogalamu ya federal, yomwe mungapezenso malo opindulitsa. Pa gawo loyambirira, osowa mtendere amathandiza abale ake.

Anthu akale a ku Ukraine amasangalala kupita kukagwira ntchito kumadera monga chakudya chodyera, mankhwala, komanso mauthenga. Zakophika, anamwino, madokotala, ophika, akalipentala, apulasitiki ndi zamagetsi - akatswiri amafunika kulikonse.

Chikhalidwe chamtundu

Koma ndi chilankhulo chotani ku Canada - dziko lokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dziko? Mosayankha yankho la funsoli silingapambane. Popeza dzikoli ndi lamitundu yambiri, aliyense wa iwo akubweretsa zinthu zake zokha. Ngakhale anthu a ku Ukraine amene akhala atasiya mbiri yawo kwa nthaŵi yaitali, kumbukirani ndi kulemekeza chinenero chawo. Panthawiyi, anthu oposa miliyoni miliyoni ochokera ku Ukraine amakhala ku Canada. Ndipo awa ndi okhawo omwe ali ndi malo okhazikika m'dziko lino.

Ambiri mwa amitundu amathandizira chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha dziko. M'nyumba iliyonse ya ku Ukraine, miyambo yakale ndi miyambo yawo idakalipo, zomwe, monga momwe zinalili kale, zidaperekedwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo. Chidziwitso chimenechi chinachitika kupyolera mwa zaka zoyambirira kuchokera kwa anthu olowa m'mayiko awo. Kumadera a Canada pali malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zoperekedwa ku chikhalidwe cha Chiyukireniya. Ambiri amapanga zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawonetsa anthu amisiri. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi mudzi wa museum "Chiyukireniya Chikhalidwe".

Kukula mwakhama chikhalidwe cha ku Ukraine kunja sikudabwitsa, chifukwa zaka zambiri zapitazo, olemba osiyanasiyana ndi olemba ndakatulo anagwira ntchito yofalitsa anthu. Ntchito za Elena Teligi ndi Oleg Olzhich zimadziwika ku Canada ndi ku Ukraine.

Russian Society

N'zosatheka kulingalira anthu a ku Canada popanda gulu la Russia, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu magawo awiri:

1. Mtsinje woyamba umadziwika ndi anthu omwe amachititsa kuti Harbin asamuke. Awa ndiwo anthu omwe adachoka ku China. Chifukwa cha kusamuka kwawo ndi malingaliro osiyana pa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Omwe ankasamukira kudziko lina anali amphamvu kwambiri otsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, omwe ankakonda kwambiri ufumu.
2. Chimake cha mawonekedwe achiwiri chinachitika mu makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu a zaka zapitazo. Chigumula cha anthu chinatsanulira mkati, kuthawira ku chikhalidwe chapachiyambi. Omwe akupita kwawo, mosiyana, amasiyana ndi kuwopsya kwawo kwa dziko lawo.

Thandizo kwa Diasporas

Mosasamala kanthu chomwe dziko la Russia likuyendera ku Canada, zomwe ali nazo malingaliro ndi ndale, Osowa akuthandizira amtundu uliwonse. Ambiri mwa malo osokoneza alendo ochokera ku Russia ndi matchalitchi a Orthodox. Kawirikawiri, iwo amasonkhana kumeneko osati chifukwa chachipembedzo, koma kungolankhula ndi abale awo.

Chimene a Russia akuchita ndi momwe akukhala ku Canada akhoza kuuza anthu apadera. Amaperekanso chithandizo chalamulo, kuthandiza kuthetsa dziko losadziwika. Komanso, anthu akugwira nawo ntchito kuti ayesa kusonkhanitsa ndi kuteteza anthu ku kusungulumwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• "Russian Montreal";
• "Chiyankhulo cha Chirasha cha Canada";
• "Russian Ottawa";
• "Russian Winnipeg";
• "Russian Humanitarian House".

Nthawi yosintha

Asanayambe kusuntha ambiri omwe ali ndi chilankhulo ku Canada, ndi anthu otani. Nthawi yoyamba, malinga ndi anthu olowa m'mayiko ena, amafanana ndi wokwatirana. Munthu amakonda zinthu zonse, amavomereza zonse zomwe zikuchitika. Koma patapita masiku akuda, wochokera kunja amamvetsa kuti ayenera kukhalanso ndi moyo. Akulu amafunika kupeza ntchito, ndipo ana ayenera kupita kusukulu. Koma patapita kanthawi, mabanja amatha kusintha ndikutsata njira yatsopano ya moyo.