Metropolitan Museum ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg: ndemanga zithunzi

Metropolitan - mmodzi wa zoyambitsidwa wamkulu zaka mazana makumi awiri. N'zovuta kulingalira moyo ndi kutauni popanda mtundu zoyendera. anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg mukhoza kukaona bungwe monga Metropolitan Museum wa Art. Alendo mizindayi adzakhala chidwi kupita ku malo ngati amenewa.

Metro ngati akafuna zoyendera

Mawu "mobisa" chiyambi English ndipo amatanthauza "matauni njanji". Metropolitan - ndi mtundu wapadera zoyendera, umene ndi mzere nthambi (kapena nthambi angapo), amene amayendetsa sitima pa maulendo mwachindunji. Mbali yaikulu ya okwerera sitima, amene chimasiyanitsa izo kuchokera modes ena onse zoyendera ndi kudzipatula ake, kudzipatula poyerekezera msewu ndi oyenda pansi.

Komabe, nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa ngati makamaka dongosolo zoyendera amatanthauza yapansi panthaka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati yapansi mobisa sitima ku New Athos? Kapena otchedwa mkulu-liwiro sitima mu mzinda wa Krivoy Rog, mbali ya njira wakupambana pansi? N'chifukwa chake pali ambiri "hybrid" (malire) okwerera sitima kachitidwe mu dziko.

woyamba mzere yapansi dziko atamangidwa ku London mu 1863. m'litali ndi pafupifupi 6 makilomita.

Yaikulu pa dziko dongosolo yapansi lero ndi New York yapansi. Pamafunikanso maulendo 24 ndipo ali okwerera 468. Ku Ulaya, okwerera sitima yaikulu mu Moscow.

Pitani ku Metropolitan Museum m'tauni makamaka - mwayi waukulu kudziwa mbiri ya zomangamanga ake, ndi mudzi wonse.

Moscow Metro: Akale ndi Ano

Mu Soviet Union zinaoneka yapansi woyamba ku likulu la boma. Mzere woyamba unayambitsidwa mu Moscow mu 1935, ndi pamaso pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, mu 1941, mu mzinda muli kale katatu mizere. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndi ngalande wa Moscow Metro amagwira ntchito ngati m'misasa bomba.

N'zochititsa chidwi lingaliro la pomanga yapansi mumzinda zinachitikira m'masiku a Russian Ufumu, ndicho mu 1875. Koma ntchito zonse sizinachitike akuyendera. Museum wa History of yapansi mu Moscow mwatsatanetsatane kumuuza za mbiri ya chilengedwe chake ndi chitukuko.

Lero Moscow dongosolo okwerera sitima zikuphatikizapo mizere 12 limene okwerera 196 ili. Mu zaka zisanu zikubwerazi, chiwerengero chawo okwana chikuyembekezeka kuonjezera ndi okwerera wina 78.

Dziwani kuti Moscow yapansi - si akafuna zoyendera. Ndi malo enieni a Kuzindikira chikhalidwe - Mafunde chikhalidwe m'nthawi ya Soviet Union. Choncho, 44 malo Moscow Metro ali m'gulu mndandanda wa zinthu ya cholowa chikhalidwe cha dziko.

Metropolitan Museum wa Art (Moscow)

Zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho cha nyumbayi ndithudi mudzakhala chidwi kwa anthu a mibadwo yonse. Ndemanga za izo zabwino kwambiri.

Tikhoza kuganiza kuti Museum wa Moscow Metro anakhazikitsidwa mu 1967. Zinali ndiye kuti poyamba chionetsero waung'ono bungwe. ogwira ntchito Metro amanena kuti ndi zosangalatsa kwa anthu monga mwa likulu. Ndipo iwo sanalakwitse. M'nyumbayi wakhala nthawizonse anali ochokera tsiku loyamba linakhalapo.

M'pomveka kuti Museum wa Moscow Metro ndi mobisa. Ndicho - mkati siteshoni okwerera sitima "Sport". Pitani zingakhale ku Lachiwiri kwa Loweruka (10 m'mawa mpaka 16:30).

Nthawi zambiri, Metropolitan Museum anasiya chidwi ngati alendo wamba, komanso anthu Moscow ogwirizana ndi mayendedwe akatswiri. Apa mutha kuona zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho zambiri zosangalatsa, kuphatikizapo: zitsanzo za escalator ndi turnstile, weniweni sitima ya pansi panthaka kanyumba, zitsanzo zambiri, komanso gulu lalikulu la zizindikiro ndi matikiti (zina zapakati chaka 1935).

Reviews a m'nyumbayi yekha positive. Onse amene akhala pano kunena kuti zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi yofunika kwambiri, makamaka pakati pa olemba mbiri a komanso okonda onse a Zosayiwalika. Popular ndi alendo ndi malo mu thandizo la nyumbayi, yomwe ikuchitika pa mlingo mkulu. Ambiri kwambiri ndi mwayi kukhala ndi dalaivala mpando okwerera sitima sitima.

Komabe, alendo nyumbayi ndi lozani imodzi drawback ake chidwi - ndi malo aang'ono kwambiri exposures amenewa.

Petersburg Metro: Akale ndi Ano

Mosiyana ndi Moscow okwerera sitima ku St. Petersburg izo unayambitsidwa pambuyo pa nkhondo - mu 1955. Today Petersburg Metro tichipeza mizere zisanu, ali okwerera 67 ndi aang'ono okwana 7. Zina zopangira bwinobwino pamodzi okwerera sitima mumzinda.

Pa St. Petersburg Metro ndi imodzi zimasiyanitsa Mbali: izo nayo Championship dziko pakuya avareji malo mobisa. Ndipo mmodzi wa iwo ( "Admiralty") ndi kuya mu Russia. Komanso, ambiri a malo ndi osiyana wokongola ndi choyambirira kamangidwe.

Monga momwe zilili ndi Moscow okwerera sitima ku St. Petersburg, lingaliro la kumanga yapansi anatuluka mu m'ma XIX. Koma izi zisanachitike chitukuko cha ntchito yaikulu zinafika yekha mu 1930s mochedwa.

Mu 1941 ntchito inayambika yomanga ake. Atangotsala pang'ono Hitler akadzaukira antchito Soviet Union anali kuyala 34 migodi thunthu. Komabe, liwiro iwo ankayenera kuti chigumula chifukwa chosowa ndalama zomangira nyumba zina. A akufa ndi Yomanga Manager IG mu 1944 Zubkov.

Malizitsani pomanga St. Petersburg okwerera sitima Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Ankakhazikitsa okwerera sitima ku St. Petersburg (ndiye Leningrad) unachitikira pa November 15, 1955.

Metropolitan Museum wa St. Petersburg

Metro Museum mu mzinda wa St. Petersburg anakhazikitsidwa mu 2005. Ndipo kutenga nawo mbali mu ndondomeko izi anatenga anamenyela wa St. Petersburg okwerera sitima. A ulendo malo osungira zakale wapadera imayamba ndi zopelekedwa za mbiri ya dongosolo zoyendera. Ndiyeno alendo kuyamba timudziwe bwino zinsinsi chidwi kwambiri ndi zinsinsi za St. Petersburg yapansi.

Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri a m'tauni chidwi n'chifukwa chiyani siteshoni "Avtovo" nsanja limodzi la galasi, ndi zina - nsangalabwi. Museum amatsogolera okondwa kuyankha izo. Iwo likukhalira kuti pa malopa mizati onse ankayenera la galasi. Komabe, mbewu anathyola nkhungu, ndipo mwamsanga nsangalabwi ankagwiritsa ntchito kupanga makoma ena.

"Zosangalatsa kwambiri!" - kawirikawiri kulankhula za owonetsera zakale izi. Pamene ena amakhulupirira kuti owonera zakale izi si kuima pakati ena kuti akhoza kupita komweko, ngati kanthu kena kalikonse zikondwelelo zimenezi, free kulowa. mwanjira ina, koma alendo kuti m'nyumbayi wa St. Petersburg yapansi amavomereza kuti ndi bwino kukacheza ndi ulendo wotsogoleredwa. Ndipotu, kotero inu mukhoza mfundo zambiri zochititsa chidwi za yapansi ndi kumanga ake.

Pomaliza

Metropolitan Museum ku Moscow ndi St. Petersburg - malo aakulu amene akuda chidwi ndi maonekedwe a mode lodabwitsa zoyendera. Mu malo awa, alendo osati kuphunzira za mbiri ya yapansi kumanga mzinda makamaka, komanso kumva za zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi za pansi m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya Russia.