Chikhalidwe, mbiri ndi masoka zokopa wa dera Tver

Tver dera ali zapadera zachilengedwe ndi mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe angathe. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wotchuka kwambiri ndi alendo zigawo Russia. cholowa ake mbiri wapadera. Kukongola kwa chilengedwe ooneka m'mphepete, ndipo chochuluka zipilala mbiri ndi chikhalidwe kupanga chidwi ndi wokongola. Zowoneka Tver dera amagwira zokhudzana ndi mbiri ya m'derali, ndi anthu ake olemekezeka ndi odziwika bwino, panthawi zosiyanasiyana anakhala padziko lapansi lino.

Panjira "ku Scandinavia kwa Agiriki"

Tver dera wakhala anali ndi zaphindu malo m'mayiko ambiri. Pa gawo lake inali malonda amakezana zodutsa: wa Volga-Baltic ndi "ku Scandinavia kwa Agiriki", ndipo malo ake pakati pa mitu iwiri kwathandiza kwambiri nacho chuma chikhalidwe, mbiri yakale, zigawo mapulani. The malo alendo yaikulu m'gawo lake ankaona Nyanja Seliger, Tver Lakes, Upper Lakes dongosolo, Bezhetskiy pamwamba, Toropetskiy m'mphepete. A m'mizinda makamaka chidwi Tver, Vyshny Volochek, Staritsa, Torzhok, Toropets, Kalyazin, Rzhev ndi ena. Ndi mabuku angapo midzi wakale: Ivanishchev, Gorodnya, Bernovo, mkuwa, Kushalino, Vydropuzhsk, makalipeti.

M'mbuyomu mbiri

Tver dera popanda chifukwa wotchedwa mtima wa Russia. Chimodzi mwa mzinda wakale Russian - Tver - kuyambira 1135. Panabuka ukulu lalikulu la Tver, monga likulu yaikulu ya chilengedwe cha boma Russian, monga wodziimira boma mapangidwe analipo mpaka cha m'ma XV. Zokwanira olemera ndi ulemerero mbiri zakale, zonse zochitika zosangalatsa za moyo masiku a m'dera zikugwirizananso ndi ambiri mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe zipilala za mbiri. Ngakhale masiyanidwe a zochuluka mitunda m'matauni ndi kumidzi, kuphatikizapo moyo watsopano monga mbiri yamoyo mwa zilumba zopatsa chidwi wakale wa dera Tver, kuwulula kukongola kwa mamangidwe a Ancient Lazaro. Izi makina oyendera mphepo, mipingo matabwa, Asilavo manda n'chodabwitsa chibwenzi kumbuyo kwa XII-XIV zaka zambiri, ndi ena ambiri.

zipilala mbiri

National Shrine ya dziko Tver imatengedwa Nilov chipululu. Ndi wotchuka kwambiri obisika a m'derali, anayambitsa m'zaka za m'ma XVI. Dera anatchuka chifukwa chikhalidwe zipilala malo komanso. Choncho, atakhala mu Torzhok, mtengo kuyendera malo Mitino, Nikolskoye, Rusk, amaonedwa katswiri wa Russian classicism zigawo. Osiyana kukula ndi zomangamanga wolemekezeka zitsulo ankaimira m'zigawo zina. Izi Manor wakunja kwatawuni, Kuropatkin ndi St. Michael mu Toropetsky m'dera Nyumbayi wamanga A. Khrenova mu District Bologovsky ndi ena. Chidwi kukaona malo a m'chipinda ili m'mudzi waung'ono Kuvshinovsky District. Apa mutha kuona bwino anasunga wapadera mwala Vladimir Church.

M'madera ambiri ku Tver mwa katswiri mapulani chionekera Tver Imperial oyendayenda yachifumu, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVIII ndi cholinga kalembedwe chakale ndi kulolerana mbali Baroque. cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kupereka mpumulo kwa anthu a m'banja la mfumu pa njira yawo kuchokera St. Petersburg ku Moscow. yachifumu ili Tver Regional Art gallery, wotchedwa chuma waukulu mumzinda.

Oyendayenda yachifumu lili zakale mzinda wotchuka - lina la Tver Kremlin. Mu paki mzinda mutha kuona mabwinja osungidwa kwa mtsinje wa. Boma la Russia yokha pambuyo moto lomaliza 1763 salinso limzake.

Pakati pa anthu malo dera m'chigawo Tver makamaka chionekera maonekedwe ake mapulani zabwino tawuni Kimry. Ndi chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa "yaing'ono m'tauni akuzigawo Russian Art Nouveau."

Akachisi a Tver Region

Mu zonse, ngakhale kochepa kwambiri, ang'ono tauni m'derali, mungapeze lodalirika zinthu zakale, Pakati malo ndithu ali wotanganidwa ndi mpingo wa dera Tver. Choncho, Red Hill ndi chidwi kukhalabe mizere malonda a m'zaka za m'ma XIX, akachisi a zaka XVIII-XIX. Palinso St. Anthony ansembe yotchedwa, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XV.

Mu Vyshniy Volochyok potengera dongosolo la njira ndi tizilumba tina, ngati odziwika bwino Zokopa Tver dera monga Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro ndi Kazan kunyumba. Torzhok ndi wodziwika kwa Cathedral wa Boris ndi Gleb obisika.

Mmene munthu zokopa alendo ndi chidwi kwabasi m'tauni ya Volga, Staritsa. Tver dera zokopa pano ali mu ulemerero wake wonse wakale. Ambiri ensembles mpingo ndi mipingo osiyana ena zomangamanga wapadera, ndi bwino malinga ndi malamulo okhazikika. Amiyala zipilala mu Staritsa Mfundo ansembe yotchedwa wayima, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1297. Kachisi, unazunguliridwa ndi khoma lolimba mwala, zinasungidwa ndi nyumba yonse. mzinda ndi chidwi zipilala a zomangamanga wa XVIII m'ma Pyatnitskaya mpingo ndi matchalitchi kaso, rotundas, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa linga wakale, St. Elias mpingo Baroque St. Nicholas Church, kupsa mwangwiro mu panorama m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Volga. A kukopa wapadera wa mtawuni ndi Apothecary Lane, wapadera msewu, imene Russia salinso anapeza.

"City wa mtima Russian," ndi silhouette enieni amene ndipamene kuzungulira padziko m'tauni yaing'ono yakale ya mtsinje m'deralo, wotchedwa Kashin. zokopa Tver Region pano umaonetsa zosiyanasiyana yowala. Wotchuka achisangalalo ali anapitiriza kwambiri misewu. Pakati pawo Ilyinsko Chiwalitsiro (1778), Froelich-Lavrovskaya (1751), Paulo (1782) a mpingo ndi anthu ena. Mfundo komanso "Cathedral House" ankatumikira monga XVIII-XIX zaka kunyumba ya ansembe a Kuuka Cathedral, Gostiny Dvor ndi malo akale onse, chibwenzi kumbuyo m'ma XIX.

Mpingo wamkulu m'dera la Tver White Utatu Church imatengedwa wodzipereka mu 1564. Kachisi kamodzi a Utatu Sergio obisika, ndipo amamasulidwa ku misonkho kwa bishopu, zimene ankati Dzina limeneli.

N'zochititsa chidwi Cathedral wa Akukwera, anamanga mu 1722. Izi ndi malo okha Tver anasunga akale Otroch Dormition ansembe yotchedwa, anayambitsa m'zaka za m'ma XIII. Mmodzi wa katswiri apadera a zomangamanga achipembedzo amati Tver ndi Mpingo St. Catherine (1774-1781), anaphedwa kalembedwe Baroque ndi outbuildings choyambirira kalembedwe zachikhalidwe.

Tver Region Museum

Ambiri zakale chidwi akhoza kukaona anapita ku deralo. Payokha ndi Museum Tver Saltykov-Shchedrin, anatsegula pa tsiku 150th wa wolemba-satirist mu Nyumbayi komwe ankakhala, agwilitse pa mtengo wa wachiwiri-mkulu wa mzinda. Izi ophatikizana Tver State Museum, anatsegula mu 1866. kufotokoza yake yapadera limanena za mbiri, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha deralo. Komanso m'nyumbayi wa Tver moyo ndi miyambo asilikali zakale, zomwe zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho ndi kusonkhanitsa zida wakale wa zaka IV-XVI.

Anatsegula mu 1986, mmodzi yekha mu munda wa zachilengedwe mbiri owonetsera zakale ali ndi Museum ya Nature Seliger dera chaka.

Mu mudzi wa Emau, pafupi Tver, ili Chikumbutso Art Museum V. A. Serova, nthumwi ya luso la Kuzindikira zokomera. kukhudzana n'chiyani ntchito yoyambirira ya mbuye, kuwauza za moyo wake ndi njira kulenga.

Mu Torzhok kulandira chithandizo chapadera mapulani-Ethnographic Open-Air Museum, onse-Russian zakale ndi Ethnographic Museum.

zipilala zachilengedwe

N'kuganizira kuona m'dera Tver, zimene aliyense akhoza kubweretsa dera limeneli, musaiwale kuti ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja zambiri, mitsinje komanso nkhalango zokongola. Apa ndi pamene Volga zimachokera. udachokera - wapadera zachilengedwe cholowa tanthauzo lonse. Mu Volgoverkhovye akhoza kukaona anakhazikitsidwa mu 1849 Chiwalitsiro chipululu, kowonera zakale odzipereka kwa Volga kwambiri.

zokopa Natural wa dera Tver wapadera ndipo irreplaceable. Pali zambiri kaso. Kukongola zosaneneka za chikhalidwe cha dera ouziridwa chithunzicho I. I. Shishkina kulemba kupenta wotchuka "Morning mu Pine Forest" ndi "Sitima nkhalango."

Chimodzi mwa kukongola ndi otchuka zokopa achilengedwe a m'dera - Nyanja Seliger. dongosolo lonse la nyanja, kupanga akutambasula ndi Magombe ambiri. Wokondeka view la nyanja tidutse ku belu nsanja ya agulupa Nilov zipululu.

Chilumba chachikulu cha Nyanja Seliger ndi Khachin. Izi ndi mpando Otetezedwa chimakwirira kumtunda nyanja maukonde. M'dzinja zodabwitsa zachilengedwe otchedwa phiri phulusa Grove oyenerera pa chilumba china Seliger - Klichen.

Tver dziko adzasiya zosangalatsa kwa nthawi yaitali. Nzosadabwitsa iye anali nthawizonse chidwi ndi kosangalatsa kulenga anzeru a Russia.