Minofu: mitundu minofu, ntchito, cholinga

Pang'ono zosakwana hafu ya kulemera kwa thupi imagwera pa minofu. Mitundu ya minofu anasiyanitsidwa malingana cholinga, ntchito, subordination dongosolo mantha, kapangidwe ka ulusi. Popanda sikutheka kusuntha chilengedwe, ntchito yokonza ndondomeko za masiku onse ndi nthawi zonse chilengedwe mkati.

zida Locomotor

Mafupa ndi minofu amapanga chimango anthu. Mafupa kutumikira monga nyumba katundu mwankhanza. minofu chigoba ndi minofu connective kuwakonda. Iwo, mosiyana ndi mafupa, kusintha ndipo akhoza olumala.

Ntchito yawo yaikulu - chidule ndi zosangalatsa - n'zotheka kuti kupangitsa munthu m'malere. minofu chigoba ndi udindo ndondomeko iyi, ntchito mfundo ya popezera mpata. The gawo chabe minofu (tendon) amamangiriridwa fupa pa mfundo akadakwanitsira kuchitila a ntchito. Gawo lina chikugwirizana ndi wophatikizidwa malo chigoba.

M'malo mwa fupa olowa ndi olowa kuti ndi kugwirizana awo a m'manja. Ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu minofu kudzera tendon ndi adzachititsa mafupa kusuntha.

dongosolo minofu

Thupi la munthu segmented. Minofu (mitundu minofu amaoneka mu chithunzi pamwambapa) sali anaika mapangidwe, iwo yagawidwa m'magawo. Ntchito yolongosoka ayenera kulamulira. Pamene kayendedwe ka nthambi si kuchepetsa minofu ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo antagonist wake pansi. Mu ndondomeko n'zosiyana kusintha ntchito: izo pansi flexor ndi extensor akubwerera ndi gawo la thupi ndi malo ake apachiyambi.

Kugwirizana kwa chigoba minofu kayendedwe umalamulidwa ndi ubongo. Zimenezi ndi pamlingo winawake m'thupi kutsitsimuka anthu. Ndipo pamene timu pa kayendedwe zofunika sapatsidwa m'lingaliro lenileni, iwo alipo mu zolinga, koma ubongo awo yomweyo lidzasinthidwa chizindikiro chomveka bwino kwa minofu.

Pali kachitidwe kena minofu, zomwe ndi chifuniro cha munthu osati kwathunthu wochepa (musanaganizire). Kwenikweni ndi minofu ya ziwalo. Mtima minofu waima ambiri mu gulu osiyana. Iwo amadula munthu m'manja ndipo saona m'mikhalidwe yachibadwa. Nchito ya minofu ya mimba, chikhodzodzo, matumbo, mtima makoma zosiyana. Koma cholinga chawo chachikulu - ndicho kukhala ndi thupi zenizeni mu mawonekedwe abwino ndi kuwalola kuchita ntchito zofunika.

Minofu: mitundu minofu

Iwo ali m'magulu malinga ndi zifukwa zingapo. Kudulidwa zofunika amagwirizana ndi cholinga chimodzi. Secrete minofu chigoba ndi ziwalo. Amangosankha atumiki minofu zambiri yopingasa malangizo CHIKWANGWANI, ndi musanaganizire (mkati) - yosalala.

Malinga ndi malo minofu nawo mutu, miyendo torso. Ku ntchito imene iwo amachita mwa iwo kudziwa flexors ndi extensors. Ndi utakhala mwa minofu amadziŵika synergists, ndiko kuti, pogwira ntchito zofanana ndipo muzikangana zinthu kutsutsidwa. Mu maonekedwe angakhale: sakhalitsa wandiweyani, wautali ndi woonda. Latissimus ndi minofu mosabisa za mmbuyo. Iwo ali ndi udindo kukoka phewa kwa torso ndi manja zithunzi kumbuyo kwa olamulira a msana.

Ngati minofu pamene kuchepetsa nthambi pafupi kwa thupi, ndiye kumatanthauza kukhala akutsogolera. Pankhani zosiyana tilankhula za udindo wa kubwereketsa lapansi. Ngati inu kupanga kasinthasintha wa thupi (mutu, forearm, dzanja chapamwamba), iwo ali m'magulu monga makina.

Pali kusiyana malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa mitolo lalikulu ulusi: ndi kukongola (kukongola), triceps (mkono extensor), quadriceps m'chiuno. Pali zigawo zinayi minofu ya (mitundu minofu: molunjika, lateral, medial, wapakatikati). Lalikulu - ndi zakulera, minofu ya matako, miyendo ndi kumbuyo. Wotsikitsitsa ndi m'khutu. Wamphamvu - mu mwendo (ng'ombe) ndi kutafuna pa mutu wake.

kapangidwe

Minofu minofu thupi la munthu lili ndi maselo. Iwo ndi mawonekedwe elongated ndipo amatha kuchepetsa chifukwa kukhalapo kwa organelles wapadera (myofilaments).

Pali mitundu iwiri ya CHIKWANGWANI: woyera ndi wofiira. Gulu la wachibale izi. Koma kusiyana tikhoza kuphunzira chitsanzo cha nyama nkhuku (chifuwa ndi drumstick). Woyamba ndi woyera. Mabere nkhuku sachiza kawirikawiri tibia lapansi. Mapiko iye mafunde kawirikawiri, koma angathe funde ntchito, kupereka mwayi kuti mlengalenga.

Komano, pa miyendo akudutsa moyo zonse. nsalu zawo angathe kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, koma angathe funde ngati ntchito. Ng'ombe minofu nkhuku thickly lodzala ndi zopezera capillaries (kwa izi ndi mtundu) chifukwa akufunikira mphamvu zambiri (mosalekeza wokwanira) kwa yokonza kamvekedwe.

Mfundo zofanana anakonza minofu anthu. Pali umboni kuti pafupifupi munthu nsalu zoyera ndi wofiira mu chiŵerengero cha 4/6. Othamanga sprinters pali chithunzi osiyana. Iwo ali mwamsanga woyera minofu mwayi. Izi mwina zimatheka ndi kuphunzitsa, koma aliyense angathe kusandulika choncho.

CHIKWANGWANI mitolo

minofu chigoba tofa mabala. Maselo a minofu zimakhalanso lalikulu, elongated ndi polynuclear (mpaka 100 kapena kuposa). Ngati tikulingalira mtanda chigawo pansi simungathe kutiona, izo zikuwoneka ngati striated mikwingwirima alternating kuwala ndi mitundu mdima (striated). Yosalala minofu minofu imakhala ndi maselo mononuclear. Komanso homogeneous osati monga elongated.

minofu chigoba ali anasonkhana ku matabwa choyamba (thinnest), wachiwiri (ikuluikulu) ndi zina zotero. G. About. Mwa njira ya kaikidwe mwachibale kwa olamulira a msana anasiyanitsidwa minofu molunjika (rectus atolankhani), patsogolo (pamimba, mkati ndi kunja) ndi yopingasa (imatsogoleredwa perpendicular kwa olamulira ofukula - lateral pachifuwa minofu).

Malinga ndi makonzedwe padziko tendons awo ogaŵikana kufanana (awned) ndi zozungulira (m'kamwa, thumbo sphincter la nyini).

Nsalu za minofu mtima ndi wapadera. Amakhala ndi maselo wapawiri-pachimake (cardiomyocytes). Iwo zapiringizana, kotero kuti lama fuyusi wina ndi mzake polumikiza cytoplasm. Makamaka mtima minofu - ndi kuchita rhythmically ndi mosalekeza.

ntchito

Ngakhale ndi zoonekeratu boma bata minofu akadali ali okonzeka ndi kuchepetsa msanga. Matenda amatchedwa kamvekedwe. zikhumbo mitsempha mowirikiza kubwera mu ziwalo zonse za ubongo. Mu mkhalidwe omasuka chiwerengero amachepetsa, koma zimakhala zokwanira nzeru zambiri. Popanda akulodnoleza zimenezi sizikanakhala zotheka kusunga thupi moyenera ndi khola malo.

Mphamvu ntchito minofu ndi adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Iwo apangidwa chifukwa cha mndandanda zovuta za glycogen akuwaza. maselo mphamvu ikuchitika kudzera m'magazi. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti akatumba onse pachimake ayenera kuli kuluka capillaries, mitsempha ndi mitsempha.

Thamangani mosalekeza iwo sangathe, tiyenera kupuma. Ngati izi ananyalanyaza, ndiye yafupika ntchito akuwonekera zimachitika conduction kuvutika ndi poyankha kukondoweza kwa mitsempha. Ndi akatundu kwambiri anapeza mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya, amene kumathandiza yogawa nyemba yunifolomu.

kutanthauzira

Thupi la munthu anamanga mfundo ya amgwirizano chosokonekera, choncho akatumba aakulu onse wophatikizidwa kapena wapangidwa amachepetsa awiri. Ili pa mutu akugwira nawo mabala nkhope kukhala kotheka kuti afotokoze maganizo (chimwemwe, chisoni, mantha, kusangalala). Ntchito inanso yofunika - ntchito mouthparts (kutafuna, kumeza). iwo kupereka ntchito diso (mwana wa diso kayendedwe, kuphethira zikope).

Pa minofu khosi zikutipatsa ndi Sachita mutu wake, akufuna ndi kuthandiza msana ndime olamulira. SARS kusiyanitsa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kugawidwa ndi gawo chapamwamba (ntchito phewa lamba); pachifuwa (kupuma); m'mimba (m'mimba kamvekedwe). Mbali yaikulu ya lats chikuto. Kuwonjezera nawo dzanja extension kayendedwe zozungulira la manja, iwo apanga kumbuyo, pansipa nthiti, chimango thupi, kuphimba impso ndi chiwindi. M'nthawi yake kusambira, ntchito ndi mpweya kwambiri, kuukitsa nthiti za m'munsi.

Kutsogolo, pamwamba, zikubweretsa pectoral minofu yaikulu ya derali Kuphunzira. M'dera m'mimba kwambiri m'manda zitani yopingasa minofu. Kuti amatsutsa yokoka ndi kupitiriza kusamala pa mosalekeza chilengedwe mkati mwa zonse m'mimba. Pamodzi ndi atolankhani zipangitsa m'mimba ndege.

Pa malo pamphambano ya thunthu ndi nthambi m'munsi ali yofunika malo gluteus Maximus (lalikulu, sing'anga, zing'onozing'ono). Pa ntchafu tingaone semimembranosus, kukongola, yaifupi yaitali ndi kuwatsogolera chachikulu. Shin - gastrocnemius, soleus. Ndipo pa phazi - flexors ndi extensors chala.

Udindo thupi

Popanda ntchito moyenera minofu amatha manja. Iwo anaona kuti pa maselo osachepera katundu ndi kusinthidwa aliyense masabata awiri. Masewera zimachitika kawirikawiri. Kukula kwa minofu minofu ndi kulemera owonjezera pamene loadings kumachitika chifukwa chakuti mbali ulusi minofu wathyoka. thupi amamuchititsa achire, maselo atsopano kukula, chifukwa kusinthidwa. Izi limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka mu buku awo ndi kulemera.

Kuwonjezera pa kukhazikitsa ntchito mtima, kukhala mawonekedwe thupi, kupereka malo ofukula ndi kayendedwe ka minofu limachititsa ndi chiwerengero cha ena, ofunika njira mawu (m'phuno ndi lilime), kupuma (zakulera), chimbudzi (kum'mero, kamvekedwe ka m'mimba, matumbo). Komanso amatipatsa excretion katundu kagayidwe kachakudya (ndi chikhodzodzo, ndi sphincter ya rectum).

Ngati musanaganizire minofu ntchito ya munthu sangathe kulamulira umasinthasintha (pachimake minofu) ngakhale kuphunzitsa. Chabwino, moyo wathanzi ndi kukhala thupi mu mawonekedwe labwino, monga amadziwika, ndi chinsinsi thanzi labwino ndi mtendere wa mumtima.

Tsopano mukudziwa cha ntchito mu minofu ya thupi. Mitundu ya minofu zosiyanasiyana kapangidwe awo ndi ntchito.