Chikumbutso mabatire 411, Odessa: chithunzi, adiresi, mayendedwe

Mu mzinda-ngwazi za Odessa ndi malo okondedwa ndi nzika zonse ndi alendo ambiri, losaiwalika kwa grandfathers wathu, anapambana pa nkhondo zoopsa ufulu okha ndi ana awo. Pafupifupi pa gombe, mu kukongola paki wobiriwira ili m'nyumbayi wapoyera, msonkho pokumbukira nkhondo mzindawo ankakonda - Chikumbutso cha 411-TH batiri Odessa. Mu mzinda uliwonse mnyamata ana aang'ono anatsika nyumba onse ankhondo a nthawi imeneyo. Pakhomo kwa anthu free, mukhoza kuona zonse zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, ndi kukhudza, kupindika. Anandilola kuyendera onse, palibe m'modzi adzawona ndemanga. Koma alendo kufunika mbiri ya zida za nkhondo.

Yambani ntchito yomanga

Pambuyo chiyambi cha mfundo aukali la Germany kutsogoleredwa ndi Adolf Hitler, boma anaganiza kuti m'pofunika kuyamba njira chitetezo kuteteza malire ake, kumvetsa kuthekera chenicheni cha kuukira Soviet Union.

Kuteteza malire a kum'mwera kwa gombe la Gulf wa Odessa anayamba kuchokera 1934 mpaka 1936, zikuluzikulu yomanga maofesi a chitetezo cha 411 Odessa batire. cholinga chake inkakhala kuwalitsa Adani ku nyanja ndi Zombo Zankhondo monga iwo anali kuthandiza asilikali nthaka pansi kuwukira achifasizimu.

Ntchito yomanga nyumba

Onse anatsindika nyumba konkire anamanga Akaidi a anthu 2,000, kuyang'aniridwa mosamala NKVD ndi nawo zomangamanga ndi kasamalidwe yomanga a magulu panyanja. Pamwamba aliyense chosakanizira konkire anaima detachment mkulu wa Affairs Internal ndipo anaonetsetsa kuti ufulu kuwonjezera zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika mu njira. Ankaona mosamalitsa ngati mpanda amayenera kukhala amphamvu kwambiri. Ntchito simenti kalasi 600 timiyala ndi Odessa magombe. General D. Karbyshev ntchito zipangizo zatsopano pofuna kuti nthawi pomanga makhazikitsidwe a asilikali.

Aliyense hopper ali wosanjikiza awiri a 3 cm oti muli nazo zida zitsulo analimbitsa yomanga ndi simenti ndi kukhala ndi makulidwe a ku 1 mita 75 cm. Kunkhondo ikulu anakumba mphamvu ndi mfuti makhazikitsidwe. Pa akuya mamita 18 anali anakumba ndimeyi mobisa kulumikiza malo a zida zankhondo ku positi lamulo, yomwe ili pa mtunda wa mamita 750 m'mphepete mwa Bay lapansi. Kulimbikitsidwa ake mbale zida pamwamba. Kumangidwa wakhala anakhala matani 11,6 wa golide.

batire m'kaidi

Iwo munali nsanja conning wa mkulu waukulu 411 Battery Odessa ndi pakati anaziika kuti zochita za mdani. BK-kuwala chipangizo 10 chinthu kuchuluka nthawi 20. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za mipherezero kuwombera anali anagonjera mwachindunji positi malangizo lalikulu mfuti 180 mm. Ndi ndime mobisa anali mizere ya zingwe ndi zina zamagetsi. Popeza m'kaidi anali linapendekeka, ndi madzi kusefukira mfuti anakumba kuda wapadera nkhokwe yaikulu imene madzi amawapopa ndi mpope amphamvu pamwamba.

Komanso mayenje a mdima ndi ntchito zina: kukatentha chipinda, m'chipinda cha zida amayendera dizilo, injini yokonza mfuti, magetsi. Pansi ikhadakumbwa ngati malo chifukwa mafuta ndi lubricants, akasinja angapo yosungirako, mpaka kiyubiki mamita 1,000. mamita wa madzi. Pankhani ya toyalana mwayi adani nkhokwe madzi nzika 411 wa Odessa batire akanapereka iwo ndi madzi kwa nthawi yaitali. Capacitance kudzadza m'zitsime artesian ndi akuya 30 m.

A dongosolo chipangizo mpweya amapereka yaikulu mobisa dera mpweya wabwino. dongosolo la mipope ndi boilers kutentha chipinda. Zonse zofunika moyo thandizo dongosolo ndi mobisa. Pamwamba pa tabadwa makungwa mfuti zikuluzikulu kukula angathe kuwombera pa mtunda wa 40 Km.

ordnance

Kwa zaka zitatu zida zankhondo mfuti m'mphepete mwa nyanja yolemera matani 160, ndi kutembenukira chipangizo 3 munakumbidwamo mobisa pabwalo. Ndi zipangizo za mobisa Nyamulani chimachititsanso projectiles yolemera makilogalamu 97,5. The wapadera trolley 2 zida zankhondo mfuti kukokera kuti mutsegule. Mayadi ndiotetezedwa ku kuukira mankhwala. Manja amene aikidwa pambuyo wina kuwombera, adagulung'undisa mu wapadera mobisa thanki, alimbane ndi mapepala mkuwa.

Za m'mabwalo anali pangozi yopuma lotulukira asilikali mobisa. Pa kuwombera pa chimakwirira hatches onse pakati pa zipinda. Mu nkhani ya moto panali dongosolo zovuta za zodziwikiratu moto wozimitsa wa malo onse. Service 411 Odessa batire inkakhala ogwira 365.

Mozungulira zipangizo zitatu ali pa mtunda wa zitatu 45 mm mfuti odana ndege ndi platoon kuwatumikira. Komanso, batire alonda anaima atatu quadruple mfuti odana ndege, "limakhulupirira", zomwe maudindo mpweya chitetezo. Kale pomanga wa gunners zoteteza zovuta katswiri njira chipangizo komanso akuchititsa maphunziro kuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri nawo.

maofesi masking

Pa likuomba mfuti m'mabwalo munali maukonde kubisa ndi nthambi za mitengo. Pambuyo dongosolo ntchito chidafundidwa ndi zitseko zikuluzikulu kulumikizidwa, umene unali ndi dziko laling'ono nyumba, mitengo ochepa ndi mphesa. Kunyenga mdani pafupi malo panopa batire, pafupi 700 meters, inali batire onyenga.

Plywood kumanga nsanja woyambawo makungwa nyali zopangidwa ndi mfuti mbiya. Anamanga outbuildings. Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene batire kucita bzidabwiso utumwi nkhondowo, pa malo onyenga kukongoletsa asilikali anayatsa utsi mabomba kuti mokwanira yoyerekeza utsi kuchokera yowotcha mfuti.

zoponya mabomba German kuposa kamodzi zimasonyeza batire onyenga ndi zipolopolo kwa eni mpweya matabwa. Pambuyo nkhondo, asilikali nthawi iliyonse kwathunthu anamanganso eni kuwonongedwa, osati kuti apulumutse moyo wawo.

Kutetezedwa amunamuna a Odessa

Mu 1941, August 5 9 m'mawa koyamba ananyoza bingu ndi mfuti 180 mm. Romania asilikali munakhala mu za Akkerman linga, ndi wolamulira batire Ivan Nikolaevich Nikitenko anapereka lamulo loyamba chifukwa chiwonongeko cha mphamvu zazikulu mdani. Pambuyo zipolopolo za kuphulika, kuuluka kwa okwera 18 Km, anafika makhalidwe mdani, ndi Romanians mantha. Iwo ankaganiza kuti iwo anamuwombera ndi ndegeyo. Lotseguka kanthu thambo zida zankhondo anabwerera moto. Kupitiriza moto, asilikali athu achititsa kuwonongeka mpaka kalekale kuti magulu ankhondo.

Captain I. N. Nikitenko analandira kalata yowathokoza uthenga kwa mkulu wa 25 Chapayev Division, Major-General Ivan Petrov, amene adayima alonda pa chigawo chakumwera cha chitetezo. Mdani ndinamverera mphamvu zonse udindo tcheru wa asilikali Soviet. matani oposa 200 zitsulo kufa chonyamulira kukantha udindo mdani.

Kuwombera kunachitidwa osaima, usana ndi usiku. Ngakhale yaikulu zitsulo zipangizo ndi osachisunga incandescent nkhondo. Ankavala mfuti mu mbiya. ambuye asilikali anatha kusintha usiku mu makungwa a mfuti Mipikisano matani liners zochotseka ndi ulusi. Pa kukonza zipangizo zina sanaleke kuwombera pa udindo mdani. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, palibe womenya mobisa linga sanali ngakhale anavulazidwa chifukwa onse chitetezo nthawi.

An kuti agonje kwa mzindawo

masiku 3 pamaso agonje mzinda batire mdani anamubweretsa kwa mabomba. Asilikali werengani dongosolo la October 1 agonje kwa mzinda ndi mthunzi wa asilikali. Iwo zoipa kwambiri maganizo kwa iye ndipo sanafune kutenga mzinda, koma malangizo ndi malamulo, ndipo sakanachitira mwina koma kutsatira. Mwankhawa artillerymen anakonza kupeputsa udindo wa batire la. Ankhondo ambiri apita zausodzi seiner "Mvula ya mkuntho", "Krasin" ndi "The Odessa-1", ndi udindo wa anthu 40 okha otsalira.

October 16, 1941 usiku, batire amunamuna kuphimba achire wa Odessa Maritime Army kuthandiza chitetezo cha Sevastopol, ndi adani anapanga akatemera 230. Kenako mkulu wa akuluakulu a asilikali, pa 4am amunamuna batire malo anali litaphulitsidwa, ndi ogwira mwa doko malonda chombo anatumizidwa anateteza Sevastopol.

A msonkho kwa ngwazi za

Oyamikira Odessans sangathe koma kupereka msonkho kwa otchuka ndi kusiya zatsalira batire popanda chisamaliro choyenera. Choncho, kusankha Council Regional pa 28 July 1971 anaganiza kuti akonze chikumbukiro 411 Odessa batire. Inkakhala pa malo malo. M'mabwalo kale mabomba ndi mfuti zikuluzikulu kukometsera ngalande, mitengo tchire. mfuti mmodzi yekha kukhala chionetsero cha chikumbukiro, anabweretsa kuchokera maofesi amenewa ndi doko la Soviet Far East.

Anabweretsa pa nsanja anayi kwambiri sitima ndi 250 matani Kireni. Mwapadera anabwezeretsa mfuti wachiwiri kwa bwalo lake. Woyamba ndi wachitatu anali kalekale razvorocheny mabomba. Ntchito kulenga chikumbutso kwa batire 411 Odessa zithunzi a nthawi imeneyo, ndi mbiri yakale.

Kutsegula chikumbukiro

Aulemerero kutsegula kwa zovuta chikumbutso pa chikondwerero cha chikumbutso 30 ya chigonjetso chachikulu, May 9, 1975. Pa zikondwelelo anali wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka mchipembedzo asilikali, kulipira ulendo malo a batire la nkhondo Konstantin Simonov. Iye kuwerenga mavesi pa mitu asilikali. Okamba m'gulu oimira boma ndi akatswiri asilikali.

Anasonkhanitsa zosiyanasiyana zida za nkhondo za nthawi: wa m'madzi bwato "Baby", ndege, odana ndi ndege mfuti, sitima oti muli nazo zida, miyala, torpedoes M'madzimu mabomba, minesweeper, ndipo ngakhale trams, amene panthawi ya nkhondo cruised ku "Zastava 2 - kutsogolo" ndipo anatenga kuchokera ovulala .

Odessa Museum 411 Battery

Ndi mbiri owonetsera zakale zokometsera kukumbukira 411 batire Odessa ku adiresi: msewu Dacha Kovalevsky, 150. akuthamanga tsiku lililonse kupatula Lachisanu, kuchokera 10,00 kuti 17.00. Maulendo, onse gulu ndi munthu, akhoza anakonza powatchula m'nyumbayi utsogoleli.

M'nyumbayi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho za thupi asilikali 411 batire Odessa, zithunzi za nthawi, atsogoleri zithunzi ndi gunners wamba, zinthu zawo, zikalata ndi chuma zina za mbiri yakale. Ankachititsa chidwi kukawona pazithunzi, imene alendo adzakhala mfundo zambiri pa moyo wa batire 411 Odessa, mbiri ya chilengedwe chake ndi Baibulo lenileni la asilikali kupulumutsidwa, osati chodziwika pakati pa anthu wamba.

Momwe kuti chikumbukiro?

Zovuta akhoza anafika pa sitima nambala 19 ku siteshoni 16 ya Big Kasupe. Chomaliza amasiya - 411 batire Odessa. Momwe kumeneko pabasi chikumbukiro? N'zosavuta. Iwo amayenda pang'ono. Ku mzinda ndi Cathedral Square inyamuka nambala 175 ndi nambala 185. Kuchokera Peresypskogo mlatho amapita mwachindunji basi chiwerengero 191. Kuchokera Krivobalkovskogo manda adzatenga nambala 197. Mukhozanso kuyenda wapansi kuchokera omaliza a trolleybuses nambala 12, nambala 7, nambala 11 pa msewu mapulani.

Aliyense Odessa anasangalala alendo ndi onse amene akufuna kusonyeza njira yayifupi kuti zokopa yaikulu ya mzinda-ngwazi wa Odessa.