St. Vitus Cathedral ku Prague - kachisi wamtengo wapatali

Cathedral ya St. Vitus ndi kachisi wamkulu wa Prague, chizindikiro chauzimu cha Czech state.

Iye ali wolimba kwambiri m'bwalo lachitatu la nyumbayi kuti n'zovuta kupanga chidziwitso chokwanira cha chisokonezo chotchedwa Gothic. Maonekedwe ake osakanikirana ndi zotsatira za mbiri yakale yambiri. Mwala woyambawo pa maziko a nyumba ino unayikidwa mmbuyo mu 1344, koma kumangomaliza kumangomaliza kokha mu 1929 - patadutsa zaka chikwi pambuyo pa imfa ya Vaclav - woyera wotchuka wa Bohemian.

Wopatsa nyumbayo anali Charles IV. Iye adaitana Mathieu kuchokera ku Arras (Mfalansa) kuti ayambe kumanga. Koma mu 1352 Mathieu anafa mosayembekezereka, pamene adayamba kulengedwa kwake, kotero Charles anatumiza pempho kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito kwa Peter Parler. Iye anavomera mosangalala. Ntchito yomanga inapita pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo atamwalira adamanga nyumbayi, panali ambuye ochuluka omwe anaika mphamvu zawo ndi moyo wawo ku kachisi wokongola kwambiri.

Kachisi ya St. Vitus ku Prague ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Ndipo osati ku Prague kokha, koma m'dziko lonse. Zinyumba za tchalitchichi zimakongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi zambiri, komanso zida zamkuwa zamkuwa ndi zamwala. Kumadzulo kumadzulo kwa nsanja ziwiri zapamwamba za Neo-Gothic ndizenera zowonekera pakati pawo. Kulowa ku Katolika ku St. Vitus, zimakhala zovuta kuti tisamazindikire kutalika kwa msasawu. Imeneyi ndi nyumba yatsopano mu nyumbayo, choncho kukongoletsa kwake kumaphatikizapo makamaka zaka za makumi awiri. Choyamba chidwi chimakokedwa ku mawindo akuluakulu a magalasi amasiku ano, kuponyera masiku otentha kwambiri pamapiri okwera a nyumbayi.

Mawindo odabwitsa kwambiri mu tchalitchi chachikulu ndi omwe anapangidwa ndi Frantisek Kysel. Iwo amawoneka ngati kuti anaphwanyidwa mu zidutswa zingapo mazana. Pogwiritsira ntchito njirayi, adapeza zotsatira zabwino pakupanga mawindo okongola okongola kwambiri omwe ali ndi chida cha kaleidoscopic "Chilengedwe cha Dziko" chomwe chiri pamwamba pa khomo lakumadzulo. Mbali yina ya Nazareti imakongoletsedwa ndiwindo la galasi lotayika "Amene afesa misonzi, adzakolola mokondwera". Pamipingo 22 yomwe St. Vitus Cathedral imanenera, chapamwamba kwambiri komanso chapamwamba chapamwamba cha St. Wenceslas, yomwe ili pa chipata chakumwera, ndi ya chidwi kwambiri. Mukayang'ana chokongoletsera cha chapulo, wolemera kwambiri, pafupi ndi Byzantine, mumamva ngati mkati mwa bokosi la chuma. Pambuyo pake, makomawo amadzazidwa ndi golidi, ovekedwa ndi miyala ya Bohemian yomwe imakhala yozungulira, yomwe imayikidwa kuzungulira mafano a m'zaka za zana la 14, akuwonetsa kuzunzika kolemetsa kwa Khristu. Pamwamba pa chimanga pamapeto pake sujambula za sukulu ya Litomeriya, yomwe imasonyeza mavuto a Wenceslas. Khomo la khoma lakumwera limayendetsa masitepe. Ndipo, motero, imatsogolera ku nyumba yosungirako zida (yomwe imatsekedwa kwa alendo), kumene maboma onse a royal Bohemia, ngakhale korona wa golide wa Wenceslas yopatulika kwambiri, amasungidwa mokhulupirika.

Mkati mwa tchalitchi chachikulu - malo okongola a Gothic, okhala ndi guwa labwino komanso choyimba, magalasi ambiri okongola kwambiri. Pali nsanja yaikulu, nsanja zokwana 22 ndi malo akuluakulu, omwe ali ndi mabasi a omanga komanso otchuka a tchalitchi chachikulu: Czech Queens ndi mafumu, omangamanga ndi mabishopishopu. Sitima ya St. Vitus Cathedral yomwe ili ndi nsanja zitatu zokhala ndi masentimita 28, imagawanika pang'onopang'ono. Nyumbayi imakhala yozungulira mpaka 2, kumwamba ndi padziko lapansi, komanso triphorium. Mukafika pa guwa la nsembe, pakati mungaone kopi yeniyeni ya tchalitchi cha St. Wenceslas chomwe chimapangidwira kalembedwe ka Baroque - manda a St. Jana Nepomuk, wakhala pano mu 1736. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha zinthu zamtengo wapatali zopangidwa ndi siliva wangwiro, omwe ali ndi angelo omwe amayandama momasuka omwe akuthandizira kupalasa molimba.

Ngakhale kuti mbiri yakale yomwe Prague anakumana nayo, St. Vitus Cathedral ndi imodzi mwa zipilala zokongola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.