Chinkafunika: tebulo, mayunitsi abwino. dongosolo chinkafunika ndi System Mayiko mayunitsi

Dongosolo lonse mayunitsi - dongosolo ozikidwa pa ntchito akalozera misa mu makilogalamu ndi mamita m'litali. Ndi ambiri a magwero ake panali Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana izo. Kusiyana pakati pa iwo lagona kusankha zizindikiro kiyi. Pakali pano, mayiko ambiri ntchito mayunitsi mu dongosolo SI. Mmenemo zinthu zili chomwecho m'mayiko onse (kupatula United States, Liberia, Burma). dongosolo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera tsiku ndi tsiku kuti kafukufuku wa sayansi.

Features

Chinkafunika dongosolo - anatilamula ya magawo. Izi chimasiyanitsa izo kuchokera kale ntchito njira ochiritsira kuti tipeze mayunitsi zosiyanasiyana. Kusonyeza aliyense wambiri chinkafunika dongosolo amagwiritsa chimodzi chokha n'chimene chigawo, ukulu wa sipangakhalenso zosiyanasiyana mu tuzigawo twa angapo (zopezeka decimal zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu). The mwayi waukulu njira imeneyi ndi ntchito yosavuta zambiri. Izi kumatha zosafunika ambiri mayunitsi osiyana (mapazi, mtunda, mainchesi, etc.).

magawo nthawi

Kwa nthawi yaitali ndi chiwerengero cha akatswiri amene amafuna kuti mupereke nthawi mayunitsi chinkafunika. tsiku Mavesi ogaŵikana zinthu zing'onozing'ono - millisutki ndipo kumathandiza kupeza ngodya - 400 nyumba kapena kutenga zonse makope mkombero kwa 1000 millioborotov. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chifukwa cha mavuto a ntchito anasiya lingaliro. Today nthawi masekondi ndiwo amaimira SR (wapangidwa milliseconds) ndi radian.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Amakhulupirira kuti masiku dongosolo chinkafunika anabadwa mu France. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1791 mpaka 1795 mu dziko pasukulu amasangalala zochita zofunika kwambiri malamulo. Iwo umalimbana kudziwa udindo wa mita - chimodzi khumi gawo 1/4 la meridian kuchokera equator ku North Pole. July 4, 1837 anatengera chikalata wapadera. Malinga ndi iye, inali yololedwa ovomerezedwa ndi ntchito kuvomerezedwa mbali umene unali miyeso chinkafunika dongosolo wotuluka onse zachuma ikuchitika France. Atakambirana dongosolo anayamba kufalitsa maiko oyandikana nawo European. Chifukwa cha kuphweka ake ndi mayiko, dongosolo chinkafunika pang'ono ndi pang'ono m'malo national ntchito kale. Komanso, ndi chovomerezeka ntchito mu US ndi UK.

mfundo zofunika

Per wagawo kutalika chingwe dongosolo oyambitsa, monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, anatengedwa mita. Mchitidwe misa kukhala galamu - kulemera kwa wina miliyoni mamita ³ madzi pamene ali muyezo osalimba. Ntchito mosavuta a dongosolo latsopano mayunitsi opanga kuti anakonza njira kuti iwo mosavuta - mfundo zotsimikizira ku zitsulo. zitsanzo izi zopangidwa ndi makhalidwe angwiro sanakhulupirike. Kodi mfundo za dongosolo chinkafunika, izo ayankhidwa pansipa. M'tsogolo, ntchito anthu awa zitsanzo anazindikira kuti sravnenivat anakhumba mtengo nawo zosavuta ndi omasuka kuposa Mwachitsanzo, kotala la meridian lapansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nafuna kudziwa Unyinji wa thupi, zinali zoonekeratu kuti kuwunika ubwino wake, muyezo ndi zambiri yabwino kuposa ndalama lolingana madzi.

"Adasungidwa" zitsanzo

Maonekedwe a bungwe la Mayiko mu 1872 Analeredwa monga muyezo kuona mwapadera mita m'litali. Pa mamembala yemweyo nthawi ya Commission anaganiza kutengera muyezo kuona unyinji wa kilogalamu wapadera. Linapangidwa wa pulatinamu ndi iridium kasakaniza wazitsulo. "Adasungidwa" mita ndi kilogalamu ali kalekale kusungidwa mu Paris. Mu 1885, pa May 20, oimira wa Convention wapadera yosainidwa ndi maiko khumi. Monga mbali ya anali okhudza ndondomeko kwa kudziwa ndi kuyeza ntchito mfundo kafukufuku ndi kulemba. Izi zimafuna gulu lapadera. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka kuyikapo Bureau mayiko a poyeza. Monga m'gulu la kumene analenga anayamba kukula kwa misa ndi kutalika kwa zitsanzo ndi magazini anayamba kulanda mayiko onse nawo.

dongosolo chinkafunika ku Russia

Zitsanzo anatengedwa anasangalala mayiko kwambiri. Pa zinthu izi, Russia sanathe kunyalanyaza zikamera a dongosolo latsopano. Choncho, Act wa July 4, 1899 (Mlembi ndi mapulogalamu - D. I. Mendeleev) wakhala ovomerezeka ntchito mu dongosolo okhulupirika. Anakhala kuvomerezedwa pokhapokha kukhazikitsidwa kwa Provisional boma ndi lamulo mu 1917. Kenako, ntchito zake wakhala adanenetsa ndi SNK pa July 21, 1925. Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, mayiko ambiri anasamukira ku muyeso mu System Mayiko mayunitsi. Baibulo lotsiriza la izo anayamba kupanga ndi XI wa Conference General ovomerezeka mu 1960.

pambuyo Soviet nyengo

Kutha kwa Soviet Union chinachitikira ndi kukula mofulumira pakompyuta ndi ogula zamagetsi, kupanga kwenikweni ndi anaikira mu Asia. Pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia anayamba kuitanitsa consignments lalikulu opanga izi. Pankhaniyi, ku Asia sanaganizepo za mavuto zotheka ndi kuipa masuku pamutu pa katundu wawo mmodzi Chirasha zofunikira zopangidwa ndi chilengedwe (maganizo awo) malangizo English, mwaika American. Mu ntchito zoti mfundo za dongosolo chinkafunika unalowedwa ndi nyengo ntchito mu United States. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa mbale computer, oyang'anira opendekera ndi mbali zina zafotokozeredwa mainchesi. Choncho poyamba magawo a zigawo izi anasankha mfundo mosamalitsa chinkafunika (CD ndi DVD m'lifupi, mwachitsanzo wofanana 120 mm).

ntchito padziko lonse

Panopa kwambiri ambiri pa dziko lapansili ndi dongosolo chinkafunika wa muyeso. Table misa, utali, ndi kutalikirana magawo ena zikhale zosavuta yomasulira zizindikiro zina. Mayiko, chifukwa ena anazimitsa dongosolo, pali kuchepa chaka chilichonse. limati iwo akupitiriza ntchito magawo anu kuyikapo US, Burma ndipo Liberia. America amakonda kumabungwe sayansi yopanga SI dongosolo. Mu zina options oyenela US. UK ndi St Lucia sizinathe kugwiritsa dongosolo SI a dziko. Koma, ine ndiyenera kuti ndondomeko ndi mu gawo yogwira. Dziko yamasika, potsiriza kugwiritsa dongosolo chinkafunika mu 2005, anakhala Republic of Ireland. Antigua ndi Guyana kokha kusintha, koma mayendedwe akuchedwa kwambiri. Chinthu chidwi mu China, amene mwalamulo kugwiritsa dongosolo chinkafunika, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi wakale Chinese akupitirira malire ace.

magawo ndege

dongosolo chinkafunika anazindikira kulikonse. Koma pali ena kumabungwe amene si kugwidwa. ndegeyo akadali ntchito dongosolo muyeso, ozikidwa ndi zedi monga phazi ndi miles. Kugwiritsa dongosolo mu munda mbiri yakale. Udindo wa bungwe la International Civil Aviation Organization ndi lomveka - payenera kukhala kusintha kwa makhalidwe chinkafunika. Komabe, ayamikira amenewa ndi mayiko angapo kugwira mu maonekedwe ake angwiro. Ena mwa iwo ndi Russia, China ndi Sweden. Komanso, ndege wachibadwidwe wa kapangidwe ndi RF, kuti asasokonezeke ndi maudindo mayiko kulamulira, mu 2011 anatengera dongosolo la miyeso tsankho, unit zikuluzikulu zomwe ndi phazi.