Chipembedzo ndi chiyani? Uzbekistan, miyambo wauzimu ndi mbiri

Mwina si nzika iliyonse m'dziko lathu akhoza kudzauka kudziwa mbiri ya Uzbekistan. Lero tikudziwa dziko lino makamaka mwa kubwera kwa ife osamukawo omwe khama ntchito ndalama zochepa kwambiri.

Panthawiyi dziko ndi mbiri yake wakale ndi chikhalidwe. Ndithudi, palinso chipembedzo chachikulu, Uzbekistan - Muslim dziko, ngakhale anthu a zipembedzo zina amagwiritsidwanso zikupezeka pano.

zikuchitika

Masiku ano, malinga ndi ziwerengero za 88% ya anthu ndi Muslim. Anthu a ku Uzbekistan, ndi oimira anthu Turkic olankhula. Uzbeks ndi Asilamu Sunni wa Hanafi zokopa (tisaiwale kuti Sunni Muslim dziko zambiri kuposa Shiites Komanso, madera awiri awa inakula aukali kulimbana).

Choncho, funso za mtundu wa chipembedzo mu Uzbekistan ukulamulira lero, tikhoza kupereka mayankho chikhulupiriro: Islam ndi Sunni.

zipembedzo zina

Zipembedzo otsala izi: Akhristu Orthodox anapereka Russian, amene sanasiye dzikoli atachokako kugwa Soviet Union, Zitsulo ndi Roma Katolika (mabanja Polish anawabweza kwa Central Asia m'zaka za m'ma watha, kotero iwo ali pano nakhala). Palinso Bukharan Ayuda, kudzinenera Chiyuda, komanso makolo awo. Anapereka ndi otsatira zipembedzo ano Protestant: Abaptisti, Achilutera, Adventists ndi ena.

Choncho, aliyense mu dziko lino lili ndi chipembedzo chake, Uzbekistan, malinga ndi nkhokwe Constitution kwa nzika za ufulu wa chipembedzo.

Mbiri ya Chikhristu ku Uzbekistan

Pachikhalidwe, m'dera la Uzbekistan ano anakhala anthu osiyana. Iwo akhazimbula zachikunja miyambo yawo. Ndi V m'ma BC padziko lapansi wabwera kwa Christianity, lotchedwa Sogdiana. Komabe, pafupifupi inawonongedwa mu Ages Middle, pamene Islam anayamba kunena okha.

Only m'zaka za m'ma XIX, pamene Russian ufumu akufuna kuletsa kulanda m'dziko ndi British ndi kutsekedwa cha kuwonjezedwa British pa malire ake, chachititsa kuti apatsidwe dziko, Uzbekistan anayamba kutsegula mipingo Orthodox. Iwo ankafuna kwa Russian ndi anthu a m'deralo amene akufuna kusintha kwa Chikhristu. Komabe, panali negligible. Ndi Russian boma miyambo yake osati kukakamiza anthu ake atsopano. Mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa Islam ku Chikhristu zinali zochepa.

Choncho, lero pali zochepa ankaimira chipembedzo cha chikhristu, Uzbekistan - Dziko amene anthu anali achikunja poyamba, ndiyeno, pomvera chifuniro cha Khan anavomera Achimuhammadi.

Nchifukwa chiyani anavomereza Islam?

Tisaiwale kuti mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wa Middle Ages - Zolotaya Orda mwina litatenga dera la Uzbekistan ano.

Choncho, chipembedzo cha Chisilamu lalandiridwa pano, Uzbekistan monga boma sibwenzi anayambika ngati Wamkulu gulu khans sanaganize a mafunso okhudza mmene iwo otetezeka mwauzimu dziko lawo.

Khan anapanga kusintha wauzimu m'malo mwa Chiuzibeki. Zinali iye amene anakana chipembedzo cha makolo achikunja, chimene pali milungu yambiri amene ayenera kulambiridwa, kukhala woyamba Muslim m'dziko lake.

Mwa njira, pali nthano kuti Prince wathu Alexander Nevsky, podziwa kuti adani amene anaukira Russia - akunja, anayesa kulimbikitsa chiguluchi Khan kuvomereza Chikhristu. Komabe, Khan a anamuperekeza, pakumva za zolinga za kalonga Russian, ndi wosafuna kutenga kwambiri wa Chikhristu mtima wake wabwino kuti anthu poizoni lalikulu mtsogoleri Russian asilikali ndi nthumwi.

Kodi kudziwa ngati tingathe kupanga mapulani Aleksandru Nevskomu, kaya lero ndi dziko pa mapu a dziko pansi pa dzina la Uzbekistan, chipembedzo tsopano wosasinthika?

Mbiri ya Chiuzibeki

Choncho, Chiuzibeki Khan, kenako watenga yokha mutu Chisilamu la Sultan Giyas malonda-Din Muhammad ankakhala m'ma 14. Iye ndi wodziwika Khan wa Golden gulu, adzakhala ndithu kulimbikitsa mphamvu ya boma.

Chipembedzo Uzbekistan kwa Islam - chisakanizo cha zikhulupiriro za makolo mafuko ndi miyambo, zomwe akulephera kuchita chitukuko cha Golden gulu. Kunali koyenera mwachangu kuchita chinachake. Ndipo Chiuzibeki Khan anazindikira kuti iye anali kusankha kwambiri pa moyo wawo.

chakuti Chiuzibeki sanali wolandira mwachindunji la mpando wachifumu Golden gulu. Anagwira mphamvu pakupha olandira chomveka wachifumu.

Khan wathandiza anthu amene analota za Islamization derali. Iwo anayamba nkhondo aukali tsogolo achipembedzo a dziko, amene sangapambane olimbikitsa chipembedzo mafuko, ndi mbali ya Islamization wa gulu. Mwa njira, Islam wakhala anapambana ndi moto ndi lupanga, kuyambira maonekedwe ake mu 6 m'ma AD (ngakhale Muhammad anali mtsogoleri wabwino, ndipo pafupi 4 chachikulu vizier ndipo sangalankhule). Islam Chiuzibeki anatengera mu 1320.

Kukana kuti zochita zake pakati pa Chitata Mongol osankhika anali kwambiri. Kotero, iye anali atapha okwana 120 achibale awo mwachindunji kwa Genghisides mtundu kutengera Chikhulupiriro chatsopano.

Kudzikonza nzika zawo wokhulupirika malinga ndi zofuna wanzeru wa Khan. Iye anafuna kuti chirichonse chinali ndi mphamvu yake kulimbikitsa. Kodi kudziwa ngati iye ankaganiza kuti dzina lake kwa zaka zambiri anaitana Uzbekistan, chipembedzo chimene ali pafupi naye?

Islam lero

Today Central Asia ndi zone ya mavuto. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pafupi kuti pali zochitika wamagazi, thickly wothira chiphunzitso achikunja amene akudzitcha kuti Islam woona. Njirayi imatchedwa kuti chiphunzitso cha Wahhabism. mamembala ake ankati ndi mpatuko pa, imadziwika ndi LIH. Mamembala a kufunafuna izi mpatuko kugonjetsa mitundu yonse, kuti retrain iwo mu njira zawo. Central Asia akuimira kwa iwo tidbit. Choncho, vuto linali ndi zigawo zitatu: "Uzbekistan - chipembedzo - Islam" panopa othandizanso monga kale.