Glycolysis - izo ... Ndipo ndizosowa shuga makutidwe ndi okosijeni

M'nkhani ino tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane aerobic glycolysis, njira zake, kupenda siteji ndi magawo. Kuyang'ana pa anaerobic makutidwe ndi okosijeni a shuga, kuphunzira za zosintha zinachokera ndondomeko komanso kudziwa tanthauzo lake kwachilengedwenso.

glycolysis Kodi

Glycolysis - ndi imodzi mwa njira zitatu ndondomeko makutidwe ndi okosijeni shuga momwe ndondomeko makutidwe ndi okosijeni yokha limodzi ndi kutuluka kwa mphamvu, amene kusungidwa mu NADH ndi ATP. Mu ndondomeko ya glycolysis kwa shuga molekyulu amapangidwa mamolekyulu awiri asidi pyruvic.

Glycolysis - zimachitika kuti chikuchitika mchikakamizo cha catalysts zosiyanasiyana kwachilengedwenso - michere. The oxidant chachikulu ndi mpweya - _{2 Komabe,} njira ya glycolysis akhoza chitani sanamwe. mtundu wotchedwa glycolysis - anaerobic glycolysis.

Glycolysis ndondomeko, pakalibe mpweya

Anaerobic glycolysis - shuga siteji makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndondomeko imene shuga si bwino oxidized. Ndipamene kam'bulu kamodzi asidi pyruvic. Ndipo mwa mawu a mphamvu, glycolysis pakalibe mpweya (anaerobic) ndi sakhala ogwira. Komabe, kuvomera mpweya mu khungu ndi anaerobic ndondomeko makutidwe ndi okosijeni mwina n'kukhala thupi ndi kuyenda mu mawonekedwe zonse.

njira ya glycolysis

The ndondomeko ya glycolysis - zisanu ndi mpweya shuga kuwonongeka pyruvate awiri mamolekyulu atatu mpweya. The ndondomeko yokha lagawidwa magawo 5 kukonzekera ndi magawo 5, imene mphamvu amasungidwa ATP.

The ndondomeko ya magawo glycolysis 2 ndi magawo 10 ali motere:

• Gawo 1, Gawo 1 - shuga phosphorylation. Malinga ndi chimodzi mpweya atomu ya shuga yokha saccharide ndi adamulowetsa kudzera phosphorylation.
• Gawo 2 - Isomerization shuga-6-mankwala. Pa nthawi imeneyi othandizira fosfoglyukozoimeraza atamukoka shuga mu fructose-6-mankwala.
• Gawo 3 - fructose-6-mankwala, ndi phosphorylation ake. Chinthu Ichi ndi mapangidwe fructose-1,6-diphosphate (aldolase) ndi zochita za phosphofructokinase-1, amene silipita phosphoryl gulu kuchokera triphosphate adenosine kuti molekyulu a fructose.
• Gawo 4 - Ndi njira komanso yogawanika ya aldolase kupanga awiri mankwala mamolekyulu triose, ndicho eldozy ndi ketose.
• Gawo 5 - triose ndi isomerization. Pa nthawi imeneyi, glyceraldehyde 3-mankwala imatumizidwa masitepe wotsatira wa akuwaza shuga ndi dihydroxyacetone mankwala chimaposa mu mawonekedwe a glyceraldehyde-3-mankwala ndi puloteni lapansi.
• Gawo 2, sitepe 6 (1) - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ake - sitepe imene molekyulu ndi phosphorylated ndi oxidized kuti 1,3-diphosphoglycerate.
• Gawo 7 (2) - imatsogoleredwa kusamutsa mankwala gulu ADP 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. The mankhwala yomaliza ya nthawi imeneyi ndi mapangidwe 3-phosphoglycerate ndi ATP.
• Gawo 8 (3) - kusintha 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate. ndondomeko izi zikuchitika mchikakamizo cha enzyme mutase. A chofunika wa mankhwala anachita ndi kukhalapo ya magnesium (mg).
• Gawo 9 (4) - 2 fosfoglitserta limafooka.
• Gawo 10 (5) - mu PEP ndi ADP anasamutsa phosphates chifukwa ndimeyi wa magawo m'mbuyomo. Mphamvu anasamutsa kwa fosfoenulpirovata ndi ADP. Kuti zimene zimafunika ion potaziyamu (K) ndi magnesium (mg).

mitundu Mutated wa glycolysis

ndondomeko glycolysis akhoza limodzi ndi m'badwo zina za 1,3 ndi 2,3-bifosfoglitseratov. 2,3-phosphoglycerate mukopedwe chothandizira kwachilengedwenso ndi kubwerera kwa ndi kusuntha glycolysis mu mawonekedwe a 3-phosphoglycerate. Udindo wa michere izi zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, 2,3-bifosfoglitserat pokhala hemoglobin amachititsa mpweya pochitika mu minofu, zomwe dissociation ndi kuchepetsa O ₂ kuyandikana ndi erythrocytes.

mabakiteriya ambiri kusintha mawonekedwe a glycolysis pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, kuchepetsa awo okwana, kapena bongo iwo mchikakamizo cha michere zosiyanasiyana. A mbali yaing'ono anaerobes ali njira zina zimam'patsa kudzitsitsa. thermophiles ambiri ndi 2 okha enzyme wa glycolysis, kuti enolase ndi pyruvate kinase.

Glycogen ndi wowuma, disaccharides, ndi mitundu ina monosaccharides

Thupi glycolysis - njira khalidwe ndi zina zimam'patsa, koma makamaka ndi chibadidwe wowuma, glycogen, ambiri disaccharides (Munoz, galactose, fructose, sucrose, ndi ena). Ntchito ya mitundu yonse ya chakudya zambiri umalimbana kupoletsa mphamvu, koma limatchula zingasiyane cholinga chake, ntchito ndi zina zotero .. Mwachitsanzo, glycogen amenable glycogenesis kuti Ndipotu, fosfoliticheskim njira umalimbana kupoletsa mphamvu mu akuwaza wa glycogen. The glycogen omwewo akhoza kusungidwa mu thupi monga kubwerera gwero mphamvu. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, shuga, tinasonkhanitsa pa chakudya, koma osati zimapukusidwa ndi ubongo, ndipo anapeza mu chiwindi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kuperewera kwa shuga m'thupi kuteteza munthu ndi zolephera kwambiri homeostasis.

Tanthauzo la glycolysis

Glycolysis - wapadera, koma osati njira yokhayo makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa shuga m'thupi, selo monga prokaryotes ndi eukaryotes. michere Glycolytic ndi madzi sungunuka. Chisoni glycolysis zina zimakhala ndi maselo zitha kumachitika m'njira imeneyi, mwachitsanzo, mu ubongo ndi chiwindi maselo, nephron. njira zina makutidwe ndi okosijeni a shuga si ntchito mu ziwalo zimenezi. Komabe, si ntchito zonse womwewo wa glycolysis. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta ndi minofu chiwindi pa chimbudzi wachotsa magawo koyenera kuti kaphatikizidwe wa shuga kwa mafuta. zomera zambiri ntchito glycolysis ngati njira mbali yaikulu ya kupanga mphamvu.