Chirombo cha dziko lapansi. Malo osamvetseka a dziko lapansi kumene nyamakazi amakhala

Nthawi zina zimawoneka kuti munthu wamakono sawopa chilichonse. Timayesetsa kuti tiwonetsetse mafilimu omwe amawopa kwambiri, tiwerenge mafilimu osokoneza bongo, komanso masewera a pakompyuta, mitundu yambiri ya padziko lapansi ikukhudzidwa, zenizeni komanso zoganiza. Zonsezi sizidabwitanso aliyense. Ngakhale achinyamata komanso ana ang'onoang'ono amachititsa kuti zolengedwa zonsezi zikhale zosavuta komanso zosakayikira.

Ndipo kodi munganene chiyani kwa munthu amene amanena kuti zinyama ndi zinyama zimakumana ndi dziko lathu lero? Zikomo? Gwirani chala chanu pakachisi? Kodi mungayambe kutsimikizira zosiyana? Musachedwe. Chifukwa chiyani? Chinthucho ndi chakuti nthawi ndi nthawi zolengedwa zosaoneka ndizo anthu akadali pano.

Mwachitsanzo, kukumba kukumbukira, kumbukirani kuti mmodzi wa achibale anu, abwenzi kapena anzanu kamodzi pazochitika zosiyanasiyana anakumana ndi chilombo choopsa kapena cholengedwa chosadziwika. Zoonadi?

Nanga bwanji ngati sikuti ndi chipatso cha malingaliro oipa kapena chifukwa cha usiku wopanda tulo? Mwadzidzidzi, nthano zakale zachi Greek zinkakhalako ndipo zikupitiriza kukhala kwinakwake m'dziko lathu lapansi? Kuti tiwone zoona kuchokera kumalingaliro oterowo, ngakhale amodzi omwe ali olimba mtima ali ndi ziphuphu ndipo amayamba kumvetsera ziphuphu ndi zowomba.

Zonsezi tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa nkhani ya kumene zirombo zimakhala, tidzakhudza zina, zosasangalatsa, mitu. Mwachitsanzo, tidzakhalabe pamaphunziro ndi zikhulupiliro mwatsatanetsatane, komanso tidzakhalanso owerenga ku zikhulupiliro zamakono ndi zolakwika.

Gawo 1. Nthano zachinsinsi kuchokera m'nthano ndi nthano

Chikhalidwe chilichonse chauzimu ndi chipembedzo chiri ndi nthano ndi mafanizo awo, ndipo, monga lamulo, amapangidwa osati zokoma zokha komanso chikondi, komanso za zoopsa ndi zonyansa. Tiyeni tisakhale opanda maziko ndipo tipatseni zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri.

Kotero mu chikhalidwe cha Chiyuda kumeneko amakhala ndi dibbuki, mzimu wa munthu wakufa wakufa, yemwe angakhale ndi moyo wamoyo amene achita choipa kwambiri ndikuzunza iwo. Njira yokhayo yothetsera dibbuka ndi rabbi wodziwa bwino kwambiri.

Chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu, komanso, ngati cholengedwa choyipa, chimapereka ziwanda - anthu okhala ndi mapiko oyipa, opangidwa kuchokera ku utsi ndi moto, kukhala mofanana ndi kutumikira satana. Mwa njira, malingana ndi chipembedzo cha komweko, mdierekezi nayenso anali katswiri wotchedwa Iblis.

M'chipembedzo cha kumadzulo, pali akshasas, ndiko kuti, ziwanda zoopsa, omwe amalowa m'matupi a anthu amoyo ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito, kukakamiza wogwidwa kuti achite mitundu yonse ya zonyansa.

Tavomereze, ziwalo zoterezi zimapangitsa mantha, ngakhale mutangowerenga momwe akufotokozera, komanso kuti mukumane nawo kwenikweni zomwe simungakonde.

Gawo 2. Kodi anthu akuopa lero?

Masiku ano, anthu amakhulupiriranso ndi anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, mu chikhalidwe cha Chi Malay (Indonesian) pali Pontianak wina, mkazi wa vampire amene ali ndi tsitsi lalitali. Kodi cholengedwa choopsyachi chimachita chiani? Amapha amayi oyembekezera ndipo amadya ziwalo zawo zonse.

Ziwanda za ku Russia sizinathenso kumbuyo chifukwa cha magazi awo komanso zosadziwika. Kotero, mu Slavo, mzimu woipa ukuyimiridwa mwa mawonekedwe a madzi, mawonekedwe a chinthu choopsa ndi choipa cha madzi. Popanda kubisala, amakoka munthu wake pansi, kenako amasunga miyoyo ya anthu m'zombo zapadera.

Tiyeni tiyesere kulingalira chilombo cha m'nyanja. Pankhaniyi, sikutheka kutchulapo mayiko ena a ku South America. Mwinamwake, ambiri amvapo kale kuti mu chikhalidwe cha ku Brazil pali encantado, njoka kapena mtsinje wa dolphin, umene umatembenuka kukhala mwamuna, umakonda kugonana ndipo uli ndi khutu lakumvetsera. Amabisa maganizo ndi zilakolako za anthu, pambuyo pake munthu amasiya maganizo ake ndikufa.

Cholengedwa china chachinsinsi chomwe chili m'gulu la "Monsters of the World" ndi gombe. Iye ali ndi mawonekedwe aumunthu - wamtali kwambiri, wojambulidwa ndi manja amphamvu ndi maso openya. Amakhala m'nkhalango, monga lamulo, muwopsya komanso osatheka. Leshie akukwera pamitengo, nthawi zonse amanyenga ponseponse, koma akaona munthu akuwomba m'manja ndikuseka. Mwa njira, amakokera akazi kwaokha.

Gawo 3. Chilombo chachirombo. Scotland

Nyanja yomwe ili ndi dzina lomwelo ndi mamita 230 mamita ndi malo aakulu kwambiri a madzi ku UK. Zimakhulupirira kuti gombe ili, lomwe, mwa njira, ndilo lalikulu kwambiri ku Scotland, linakhazikitsidwa zakale, ngakhale m'zaka zapitazi ku Europe.

Pali mphekesera kuti nyama yodabwitsa imakhala m'nyanja, nthawi yoyamba imene inalembedwa polemba mu 565. Komabe, ma Scots anali nawo kuyambira nthawi zakale amatchula zinyama za madzi mu chikhalidwe chawo, kuwatcha dzina la "Kelpy".

Nkhono yamakono yotchedwa Loch Ness imatchedwa Nessie, ndipo mbiri yake inayamba pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo. Mu 1933, mwamuna ndi mkazi wake, akukhala pafupi, adadziwonera chinthu chosazolowereka, zomwe adazichita ku msonkhano wapadera. Komabe, ngakhale umboni wa mboni zikwi zitatu zonena kuti adawona chilombochi, asayansi amadziwululirabe chinsinsi ichi.

Pakadali pano, anthu ambiri ammudzi amavomereza kuti m'nyanjayi pali cholengedwa mamita awiri ndikuthamanga paulendo wa makilomita 10 pa ora. Owona masiku ano akuona kuti Nessie ali ngati nkhono yaikulu yomwe ili ndi khosi lalitali kwambiri.

Gawo 4. Zinyama zochokera ku Chigwa cha Mutu

Chinsinsi cha chomwe chimatchedwa Headless Valley ndi chakuti ngakhale munthu aliyense atapita kumadera amenewa, ngakhale kuti ali ndi zida zotani, ndibwino kuti adziwombere. Chifukwa chiyani? Chinthucho ndikuti palibe amene wabwera kuchokera kumeneko.

Chodabwitsa cha kutha kwa anthu sichinasinthidwebe. Kaya zinyama zonse za padziko lapansi zasonkhana pamenepo, kapena anthu atayika chifukwa cha zochitika zina, ndizodziwika kuti sizidziwika.

Nthaŵi zina pamapezeka mitu ya anthu yokha yomwe inapezeka, ndipo Amwenye okhala m'deralo amanena kuti zonsezi zimachitidwa ndi munthu wina wa chisanu amene amakhala m'chigwa. Owona okhawo akunena kuti adawona m'chigwa cholengedwa chofanana ndi chimphona chachikulu.

Mwina chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri chachinsinsi cha Valley of the Headless ndi chakuti pali khomo la dziko lofanana ndi ili.

Gawo 5. Kodi Yeti ndi woopsa bwanji?

Mu 1921 paphiri la Everest, lomwe kutalika kwake kuliposa 6 km, tsatanetsatane inapezeka pa chisanu chotsalira ndi phazi lopanda kukula. Iye anapeza mwa kayendetsedwe kazembe pansi pa lamulo la Colonel Howard-Berry, wotchuka kwambiri komanso wolemekezeka kwambiri. Kenaka gululo linanena kuti zolembazo ndi za snowman.

M'mbuyomu, malo okhalamo a Yeti anali mapiri a Tibet ndi Himalaya. Masiku ano asayansi amakhulupirira kuti chipale chofewa chimatha kukhala ku Pamirs, Central Africa, kumalo otsika a Ob, kumadera ena a Chukotka ndi Yakutia, ndipo m'ma 70s a m'ma 1900, Yeti anakumananso ku America, monga umboni wochuluka wa umboni.

Chimene angakhale choopsa kwa munthu wamakono, mpaka lero sichinsinsi. Pali milandu yokhumba chakudya, zipangizo zamasewera, koma anthu enieni a zolengedwa izi amawoneka kuti alibe chidwi, choncho sikuyenera kudandaula za iwo, mochuluka kwambiri.

Gawo 6. Chilombo cha m'nyanja. Njoka ya m'nyanja: nthano kapena zenizeni?

Nthano zambiri zakale zamakedzana zimanena za nyama zam'madzi komanso njoka yaikulu. Kukhalapo kwa chilombo chotero pa nthawi imodzi ankakhulupirira ndi oyendetsa sitima, ndi asayansi.

Maganizo onse agwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi, kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya anthu ambiri okhala m'madzi osadziwika ndi sayansi . Asayansi amanena kuti udindo wa chilombo cha m'nyanja ndi chimphona chachikulu kapena mtundu wosadziwika wa cryptozoology.

Mu 1964, oyenda panyanja akuwoloka nyanja ya ku Stonehenv ku Australia anaona chimphona chakuda chakuda chakuda mamita 2 akuya, pafupifupi mamita 25 m'litali.

Chilombochi chinali ndi mutu waukulu wa njoka ndipo chinali ndi mamita 1.2, ndipo thupi lake limasinthasintha pafupifupi masentimita 60 ndi mamita 20 m'litali komanso mchira.

Gawo 7. Kuwombera. Kodi ilipo tsopano?

Malinga ndi zolemba zingapo zomwe zapulumuka lero, nsomba zoterezi, zomwe zikhoza kuikidwa ngati "Monster of the World", zinalipo kale ndipo zikufanana ndi nsomba yayikulu yoyera.

Megalodone inkaganiza kuti inali mamita 25 m'litali, ndipo ndi kukula kwake komwe kumasanduka nyama yochuluka kwambiri yomwe yakhalapo padziko lapansi.

Kusiyana ndi chinthu chimodzi chimatsimikizira kuti pali megallodon m'nthawi yathu ino. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1918, pamene nsomba za mtunduwu zimagwira ntchito mozama kwambiri, adawona nsomba yayikulu yomwe ili ndi mtunda wa mamita 92. Zikuoneka kuti nsombayi ndi iyi.

Asayansi amasiku ano samangothamangira kukana izi. Iwo amanena kuti zinyama zoterezi zikanakhoza kukhala mosavuta m'madzi otsika osadziwika mpaka lero.

Gawo 8. Kodi mumakhulupirira mizimu?

Zikhulupiriro zokhudzana ndi mizimu zinalipo kuyambira nthawi zachikunja. Chikhulupiliro chachikhristu chimawongoleranso mu mizimu, ndikufotokozera za kukhalapo kwa anthu apadera, mwachitsanzo, Angelo omwe amayendetsa zinthu, komanso otchedwa "zodetsedwa", kuphatikizapo goblin, nyumba, madzi, ndi zina zotero.

Kotero, kuti mizimu yabwino ndi yoipa imayendana nthawi zonse ndi munthu. Chikhristu chimasiyanitsa ngakhale anthu ena a munthu: mngelo woleza mtima wokoma ndi woipa.

Momwemo, mzimu, umatengedwa kuti ndi wovuta, masomphenya, mzimu, mzimu, chinachake chosaoneka ndi chosachiritsika. Zinthu izi zikuwonekera, monga lamulo, usiku usiku. Lingaliro lodziwika ponena za mawonekedwe a mizimu sikuti, ndipo mizimu iwowo nthawi zambiri imasiyana kwambiri.

Gawo 9. Zomwe zimakhala zazikulu

Kuchokera ku lingaliro la sayansi, cephalopods ndizopanda msana, zomwe thupi lawo linapangidwa ngati sac. Iwo ali ndi mutu wawung'ono ndi thupi lomveka bwino ndi mwendo umodzi, umene uli chihema ndi oyamwa. Maonekedwe okongola, chabwino? Mwa njira, siyense akudziwa kuti zolengedwa izi zili ndi ubongo wokwanira komanso wokonzedwa bwino ndipo zimakhala m'nyanja yakuya kuchokera 300 mpaka 3000 m.

Nthaŵi zambiri padziko lonse lapansi m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimatulutsa matupi a zakufa. Mtengo wotalika kwambiri wotchedwa cephalopod unali wamtali wa mamita 18 ndipo unkalemera tani imodzi.

Asayansi akufufuza zakuya awona nyama izi kutalika mamita 30. Ndipo ambiri akukhulupirira kuti zamoyo zoterezi zingakhale zazikulu kuposa mamita 50.

Gawo 10. Mphepete mwa nyanja zopanda malire

Mu gawo la Solnechnogorsk m'chigawo cha Moscow pali nyanja yotchedwa Besdonnoe. Anthu okhala mmudzi nthawi zonse amawuza nkhani zokhudzana ndi kugwirizana kwa nyanja ndi nyanja komanso za zidutswa za zombo zomwe zinamira pamphepete mwa nyanja.

Nyanja iyi imatengedwa kuti ndi chowonadi cha chirengedwe, ndi kukula kwake kakang'ono, mamita 30 m'mimba mwake, chiri ndi kuya kosawerengeka.

Kumalo omwewo ndi chinthu chachilendo - Nyanja Krugloe, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa zaka zopitirira theka milioni m'mbuyomo pa malo a kugwa kwa meteorite yaikulu. Dambo lili ndi mamita pafupifupi 100, koma palibe amene amadziwa kukula kwake. Pali pafupifupi nsomba iliyonse, ndipo m'mphepete mwa nyanja mulibe zolengedwa zamoyo. M'chilimwe pakatikati pa nyanja pali kuzungulira kwakukulu ngati mphepo yamkuntho yaikulu pamtsinje, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, kuzizira, kuzungulira kumapanga chitsanzo chodabwitsa pa ayezi. Osati kale kwambiri, anthu a m'deralo anayamba kuona chithunzichi: tsiku loyera, zolengedwa zina zimadumphira pamphepete mwa nyanja mpaka kukafika dzuwa, zolengedwa zina zomwe zimafotokoza ngati nkhono yaikulu kapena buluzi.

Gawo 11. Okhulupilira Buryatia

Nyanja ina yosadziwika bwino ndi Sobolkho, ku Buryatia. M'dera la nyanja, anthu ndi zinyama akusowa nthawi zonse. Chokondweretsa kwambiri ndikuti nyama zosochera zidapezeka m'madzi osiyana. Asayansi amanena kuti gombeli limagwirizananso ndi njira zina zapansi pansi, anthu ochita masewera ena mu 1995 adatsimikizira kuti pali maphala a karst m'nyanja, koma anthu am'deralo amakhulupirira kuti sizingatheke kuti azichita popanda zirombo zoopsa.