Chita: anthu ndi mbiri

mzinda waukulu, yomwe ili kum'mawa Siberia, likulu la Trans-Baikal Gawo, Chita Oblast pakati, lalikulu zoyendera likulu - tikuwerenga.

mwachidule

Mzindawu uli pamalo otsetsereka a ranges awiri: Yablonovy Cherskogo ndipo, pa confluence a mtsinje Chita Ingoda. Mkati Chita ili Tito phiri phiri mamita 946 mkulu, komanso nyanja Canan. Malo achilengedwe ndi osiyanasiyana: kuchokera meadows ndi steppes kwa magulu phiri nayonso.

Chita ili mu zone ya kutchulidwa nyengo chokhala ndi chisanu pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira ndi kutentha m'chilimwe chinyezi. Distance from likulu Russian wa Moscow - 5000 Km.

Mbiri ya mzinda

Zikamera wa Chita zogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha expanses yaikulu Siberia servicemen anthu. Kupita mwakuya mu expanses Siberia kumbuyo Cossacks, anali osiyanasiyana anthu malonda ndi mafakitale. Peter Beketov kumuwombera mu 1653 anafika mtsinje. Ingoda namanga kanyumba. malo amenewa dzina lake Plotbische, T. Kwa. The Hiramu anatumiza zinamangidwa pano, kenako maboti. Ndi malo zaphindu Hrs, pokhala pa mphambano za dziko ndi madzi, Plotbische kutukuka kwambiri. Mu 1699, panali ndende, imene 1706 analandira dzina la Chita.

kukula kwake zina za chitukuko tsogolo la mzinda kukhala mozungulira kumayambiriro XVII migodi m'ma siliva, wodziwika Nerchenskie, ndi kumanga zomera. Chita anthu nthawi kuti angapezeke mu magwero zilipo olembedwa kwa zaka za zana XVIII. Mu 1762, iye anali 73 okhala. Kusowa kwa anthu oti wapangidwa ntchito Wolakwayo ntchito.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, m'ndende anayamba kuchitira Nerchenskomu Gornozavodsk kasamalidwe. Iwo anasiya amaonekera pa ntchito. Chita anapitiriza chitukuko mafakitale chifukwa chakuti anthu ake kudzaza makala yadothi Anapereka kwa mbewu Shilka. Common utakhala am'deralo analinso nsomba nkhalango, katundu mtsinje rafting.

Mu 20. XIX atumwi ku mzinda pamenepo kale anali anthu 300. Chita Chita inasandulika chilikati cha parishi ya. yofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa mzinda tinkaika Decembrists zinatumizidwa ntchito ya kalavulagaga pano.

Mu pakati pa XIX atumwi anapanga Trans-Baikal dera. Mutu wa pakati waukulu m'tawuni walandira Chita, anthu amene wayamba kukula mofulumira. Mu 1863 ndinkakhala pano anthu zikwi zitatu.

Mu XX m'ma anabwera Chita anayamba mzinda m'mafakitale Siberia. Railway inamangidwa, izo ntchito zambiri za mafakitale ndi zomera. Pamudzi anakhala lalikulu likulu la zamalonda Transbaikalia. Nyumba, matchalitchi, mizikiti m'masunagoge ndi ntchito, panali laibulale. anthu a mumzindawo ndi 1910 analipo anthu oposa 68 zikwi.

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma mzinda kwa kanthawi unali likulu la za Far East Republic. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya Dziko ogwira Chita ntchito zosowa nkhondo. Mu 1945 kuno unali mu Chofunika ku Far East, polimbana Vasilevsky. Mpaka 1949 ntchito yomanga nyumba zosiyanasiyana akaidi Japanese a nkhondo ntchito.

Pulogalamu ya zomangamanga chikhalidwe cha mzinda. Chita lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero cha ntchito mantha mafakitale, ndi ku dera chitukuko, mu 1972 anali kupereka kwa Order ya October kuukira boma.

Chita mu XXI m'zaka

Today Chita - ndi anayamba mafakitale mzinda. Kukodzedwa yomanga zinthu za mfundo zosiyanasiyana asapita watsopano kunja zakhazikitsidwa, osauka malonda. Chita (anthu a mumzindawo makamaka amanyadira izi) anali wolandira wa yapamwamba linapereka National "zochita sikosangalatsa - oyamikira Russia", wopambana wa chachinayi Onse-Russian Mpikisanowo "Golden Ruble" mu ndondomeko yawo.

Mzindawu uli mayunivesite, masukulu, makoleji malangizo oyamba, kafukufuku wa sayansi mabungwe. Chita, kumene anthu ali ndi mwayi kulera mlingo chawo, ali okwanira sukulu kwambiri. Mozama zinthu zakale 24 masewera, malo ochitira zionetsero, anthu philharmonic, yaikulu konsati bwaloli. Ndipo zonse makamu zikondwerero ndi mpikisano wa milingo yosiyanasiyana.

Population a Chita lero

Mzinda amakhala ndi kuwonjezeka nthawi zonse anthu. Zotsatira zabwino anati kuyambira nthawi unawonongedwa. Mu 1948, mzinda anthu anthu 138.000, mu 1966 - 201 000. Mu 2002, zimakwana anali 317.000. Lero anthu mzinda wa Chita - za 336 zikwi anthu.