Anthu ofanana. Nchifukwa chiyani anthu amawoneka ngati wina kunja?

Posachedwapa, asayansi a ku America atha kufotokoza momwe anthu ofanana nawo amaonekera padziko lapansi, ndipo makamaka, izi ndi chifukwa chake a Chinese ali ofanana kwambiri. Zinaoneka kuti mtundu wochulukirapo umakhala wosiyana kwambiri.

Michael Sheehan, yemwe ali ndi udindo wa pulofesa wina wa sayansi ya sayansi ku yunivesite ya Cornell, akunena kuti magulu a majini omwe ali ndi udindo woonekera kwa munthu ndi mtundu wa mapadi omwe ali m'manja mwa chirengedwe, ndipo mosasamala kanthu momwe angasinthire nthawi ndi nthawi amatsika Kuphatikiza komwe kwakhala kukumanapo kale.

Nchifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika?

Asayansi atsimikiza kuti anthu ofananawo amawonekera chifukwa chakuti majini ena amagawidwe amawoneka ndi maonekedwe oposa maonekedwe ena onse a umunthu. Inde, asayansi asanathe kudziŵa kuti ndi majini ati omwe amachititsa kuti m'mbali mwake mukhale mphuno, mawonekedwe a nkhope ndi makutu, ndi zina za kunja. Koma chinthu chimodzi chimakhalabe chodziwika bwino: ngati anthu omwe sali okondana wina ndi mzake, koma ali ndi kufanana kwina. Zidzakhalanso zofanana pakati pa majini, ndipo majini omwe amawoneka ngati munthu ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha izi.

N'zosangalatsa kuti nkhope za anthu zikusiyana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ziwalo za thupi ngati mapazi kapena manja. Mwachiwonekere, pakuchita chisinthiko, kusiyana kwakukulu kunayikidwa pazithunzi za nkhope zaumunthu kotero kuti oimira banja lina akhoza kusiyana mosiyana ndi ena.

Magulu

Pogwiritsa ntchito chisinthiko, mafuko angapo apangidwa, omwe anthu amodzi amapezeka. Gulu lalikulu kwambiri ndilo Chichewa ndi Chihindi, ndipo panthawi yomweyi, mwayi wapatali wokumana ndi mnzake ukupezeka mwachindunji pakati pa mtundu wina. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuthekera koti Chitchaina chidzatha kukumana ndi munthu wofanana kwambiri pakati pa Afirika Achimereka sichikuchotsedwapo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti m'magulu a ku Asia komweko kulipo mapasa ambiri, ndipo anthu ofanana pano akukumana nawo nthawi zambiri kuposa kwina kulikonse.

Chidziwitso choterechi chimafikira mapasa ofanana, pamene kufanana sikuli kunja kokha komanso mkati, popeza kuti zofanana za majini zingakhalepo ngakhale kwa anthu omwe alibe ubwenzi wapamtima kapena wapatali.

Monga lamulo, anthu omwe ali ofanana ndi amodzi ndi amitundu amodzi amasiyanitsa ndi mitundu yofanana ya majini, chifukwa m'mitundu yosiyana siyana mitundu yonse ya anthu odwala matenda ozunguza mafuko ochokera m'magulu ena oyandikana nawo amachepetsa.

Ndi angati mapasa angakhale alipo?

Chilengedwe nthawi zonse chimapanga makope a munthu, koma sayansi yophunzitsa sitinganene moona mtima chifukwa chake iwo amawonekera, ndipo zokhazokha zimangokhalapo. Inde, machitidwe omwe amapezeka kwambiri mpaka lero ndiwotchulidwa pamwambapa, omwe amati anthu omwe ali ofanana ali ndi chipangizo chofanana ndi chibadwa. Kwa osadziwika pakali pano, pali "matembenuzidwe" ambiri a munthu, komabe onse ali ndi DNA yofanana. Mapasa amenewa asayansi amatchedwa biogenic, popeza, ngakhale kuti ali ndi makolo osiyana siyana, amasiyana mofanana ndi majini.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti m'chilengedwe pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu ofanana m'nthawi yochepa, ndipo pali zochitika pamene izi zikutambasula mazana kapena zaka zikwi. Ndi chifukwa chake simuyenera kudabwa mukamawona kawiri pamsewu wa katswiri wodziwika kapena wolemba ndale.

Mathematical calculation

Akatswiri a masamu adasankha kuthana ndi nkhaniyi ndikuyesa kufufuza chifukwa chake anthu ali ofanana. Kwenikweni, lingaliro lachidziwitso linagwiritsidwa ntchito, malinga ndi zomwe mwayi wa zochitika mwangozi wa maselo a majini sali kutali ndi zero, chifukwa anthu ndi mabiliyoni angapo, ndipo nambala iyi ikukula basi.

Asayansi ena amanena kuti zochitika za mapasa amenewa zimayambitsidwa ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "chibale chobisika". Ngakhale titagwiritsa ntchito masamu a masamu, tingathe kumvetsetsa kuti munthu aliyense atatha kale mibadwo 8 ndi mbadwa ya achibale 256, okhudzana ndi ubale wa magazi. Choncho, ngati sitikukamba za 8, koma, mwachitsanzo, pafupi mibadwo 30, ndiye kuti idzakhala anthu miliyoni, ndipo zokhudzana zonsezi zikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa ma genetic. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu ena amtundu winawake ndi achibale.

Anthu awiri otchuka

Zitsanzo zosangalatsa za momwe pali anthu ofanana kwambiri angapezeke pa malo apakati. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Alla Pugacheva ndi Philip Kirkorov anakwatirana, a prima donna adanena kuti amakonda Nemtsov, popeza ali wofanana ndi mwamuna wake. Pambuyo pake, anthu ambiri amawayang'anitsitsa ndikuzindikira kuti ali ndi makutu omwewo, maso, mphuno, komanso panthawiyo panthawiyi anali okongola ndipo anali ndi khalidwe losangalala, koma analibe chiyanjano chofanana.

Olemba mbiri yakale

Palinso mapasa, omwe ali ochepa kwambiri mu nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachitatu ku Roma, wolamulira anali Emperor Maximin, yemwe anali mnzake woyenera wa Adolf Hitler, pomwe adakali m'mbiri monga wolamulira wankhanza kwambiri. Imfa yake inali yofanana ndi ya mwana wa kutali.

Zofanana kwambiri ndi mabasi a Thebes Montuehmet (wolamulira wa Ancient Egyptian Thebes) ndi Mao Zedong, ngakhale kuti wolamulira wa Thebes anakhala ndi moyo zaka zoposa 700 tisanafike.

Makeup

Mwinamwake, aliyense wokhalamo kapena mlendo wa likululi amamvetsera kuti pa Lenin's Square nthawizonse mumatha kukomana ndi Lenin, Stalin komanso ena ambiri otchuka omwe amapeza ndalama mwa kujambulidwa ndi olembapo. Zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zingapezekedwe m'mawonedwe osiyanasiyana.

Kwenikweni, nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti kufanana kulipo pokhapokha pa mitundu ndi fuko la anthropological, komanso maonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhope. Ngati anthu oterewa akulepheretsa kusamba, ndiye kuti kufanana kwake kumathera kwathunthu, kapena sikudzawonekera bwino, zomwe ziri zofunika kwambiri. Inde, kawirikawiri makampani osiyanasiyana opanga mafilimu amakonda kukonzekera momwe akugwiritsira ntchito ndendende kwenikweni mapasa, osati kungopanga maonekedwe okha, chifukwa izi zimalola kuti nkhaniyo ikhale yapadera kwambiri.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji kawiri?

Ndipotu, mu nthawi ya chitukuko chazomwe mulibe zovuta. Anthu oterewa amapezeka nthawi zambiri pa intaneti, ndipo nthawi zambiri mumatha kuona zithunzi zoterezi, pa malo aliwonse kapena m'mabwenzi osiyanasiyana. Pali kale chiwerengero chachikulu choyambirira, pamene anthu adapeza mapasa awo mu intaneti ndikuyika zithunzi zofanizira.

Pali malo ena apadera omwe anthu omwe ali nawo padziko lapansi ali ndi zithunzi. Ena amapereka mwayi wopezera nokha pepala lanu okha pakati pa nyenyezi kapena mbiri yakale, pamene mwayi wa ena ukufutukuka mpaka pamene mungapeze awiri anu ngakhale pakati pa anthu wamba ochokera m'mayiko ena. Pazinthu zoterezi ndizokwanira kuti muzitha kujambula chithunzi chanu mwa mtundu wina, pambuyo pake mu masiku angapo mudzalandira imodzi kapena zithunzi zambiri za anthu ofanana kwambiri ndi inu. Ngati mukufuna, mungapeze nkhope zofanana za anthu omwe ali okondweretsa kwa inu, m'malo mofuna kawiri yanu.

Kufanana pakati pa okwatirana

Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti maanja omwe amakhala pamodzi nthawi yayitali amafanana, ndipo ena amakhalanso ofanana kotero kuti amadziwika ngati mbale ndi mlongo. Choyamba, ambiri amayesa kufotokoza chifukwa chake anthu ali ofanana ndi izi, kuti nthawi zambiri timasankha anzathu omwe ali ofanana ndi ife, koma kuwonjezera, ngakhale nkhope zimakhala ndi nthawi yofanana.

Pakafukufuku, asayansi adatsimikiza kuti zofanana ndi zofanana ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakukopa anthu awiri kwa wina ndi mzake. Makamaka, zatsimikiziridwa kuti anthu awiri ofanana ndi amuna amodzi amakopeka, makamaka ngati ali ndi nkhope zofanana.

Kodi izi zikufotokozedwa bwanji?

Izi zimachokera ku chizoloŵezi chachibadwa chakuti aliyense akuyang'ana munthu yemwe angamukhulupirire ndi yemwe amamudziwa. Kuwona mwa wina weniweni kukhala chisonyezero cha wekha, timayamba kusonkhanitsa munthu ndi maganizo awa.

Chokondweretsa kwambiri ndi chakuti anthu omwe ali ofanana ndi wina ndi mzake ali ndi chibwenzi cha nthawi yaitali, akhoza kudalirana wina ndi mzake momwe angathere ndikusangalatsana. Malinga ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo a ku yunivesite ya Michigan, maanja okalamba omwe akhala pamodzi zaka makumi angapo, amayamba kukhala ofanana mochedwa, chifukwa anthu omwe ali paubwenzi wapamtima nthawi zambiri amatsanzira maonekedwe ndi nkhope zosiyana za okondedwa awo.

Mwazinthu zina, wina sangathe kunena kuti mabanja okondwa nthawi zambiri amasiyana mofananamo.

Nchifukwa chiyani mabanja okondwa ali ofanana?

Chofunika kwambiri pa nkhaniyi ndichibadwa chifukwa chakuti anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zimayamba kukondana kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chofanana.

Ngakhale anthu wamba amazindikira, mwachitsanzo, kuti amayi ambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi ndi amuna omwe amafanana ndi atate awo-ichi ndi chisankho chosankha. Abambo ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwa atsikana aang'ono, ndipo chitsanzochi chimasungidwa mosamalitsa ndipo chimapanga chisankho choonjezera cha mkazi wamwamuna wamkulu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe maanja nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana.

Anthu omwe ali m'chipembedzo chomwecho, mtundu wawo, msinkhu wawo ndi chikhalidwe chawo nthawi zonse amakhala ofunitsitsa kukhala ndi ubale wamphamvu ndi wokhalitsa. Mwachidziwitso, amakakamizana wina ndi mzache chifukwa chakuti iwo, chikhalidwe, miyambo ndi zizolowezi zodya kudya sizotsutsana, koma ndizo zofanana.

Ngati anthu akhala pamodzi kwa nthawi yaitali, ndiye kuti amakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wosinthira ndi wokondedwa wawo, ndipo moyo umenewu, malinga ndi asayansi, umakhudza kwambiri nkhope. Koma n'kosatheka kunena momveka bwino chifukwa chake anthu ali ofanana, palibe amene angathe.