Chitata maholide. Culture la Tatarstan

Tatarstan - mmodzi wa ambiri choyambirira cha la Russia. Culture wa dera ndi chidwi onse m'dzikoli ndi mu dziko lonse. Palibe kukaika kuti pali osiyana Chitata maholide zimene zimapezeka. Ngati chikhalidwe onse a fukoli, ali wa chidwi.

miyambo m'gawo

Mu Russia, kovuta kupeza nkhani imene idzakhala mosamala kulondera chikumbukiro chawo dziko ndipo mufotokoze izo ku mibadwomibadwo. Chitata miyambo gwero lawo Kale, zapiringizana ndi chipembedzo, iwo linanena bungwe chikhalidwe wapadera kwambiri.

Monga zitsanzo za achilendo okha ku zinthu za Tatarstan angatchedwe miyambo wapadera ndi kubadwa kwa mwana (zikuphatikizapo ya miyambo yotsatana - ebilek, avyzlandyru, bogeyman munchasy, bogeyman ashy), chibwenzi mkwatibwi mkwatibwi (pano wakhala wotchuka onse pa dziko la mwambo, ngati malowolo a), ukwati (mwambo zinachitika mu magawo angapo ndipo ukhoza mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi).

Chikhulupiriro ndi miyambo

Chitata - otsatira akale a chipembedzo cha Chisilamu. Islam kwambiri atagonjetsa mu umunthu weniweniwo wa fuko lino, motero akusintha chikoka chachikulu pa Chizindikiro chake. miyambo Chisilamu ndi moyo lero, choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti Chitata dziko maholide achipembedzo chikondwerero mwachangu m'masiku athu. Amatanthauza zikondwerero kugwirizana ndi chikhulupiriro, ngakhale pali ena maina - Gaeta ndi Bairam. ulemu wapadera anasangalala zikondwerero chawo kusala kudya nsembe ndi masiku zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa Mtumiki Muhammad.

maholide masika

Spring - nthawi yapadera mu moyo wa anthu Chitata. nthawi ino ya chaka nthawi zonse umakhala ndi mwansangala kuti akhala mosaganizira chipembedzo chinaoneka kukhala chiyambi cha zinthu zatsopano, ndi kubwerera ku moyo wa chirengedwe. Choncho momveka bwino kuti mu nyengo amalembedwa mwachilungamo lalikulu Chitata atchuthi. Mmodzi wa wakale kwambiri zikondwelelo zimenezi amatchedwa "Kara Boz Boz cholakwika" ndipo amagwirizana ndi m'firiji pamtunda yaitali. Monga mukudziwa, chinthu choyamba zimadzetsa ndi m'firiji pamtunda - kusonkhana kwa ayezi kwa matupi madzi, kotero mwambo umenewu nthawi yokondwerera monga chigonjetso woyamba wa kasupe pa overstayers yozizira kutali.

Spring chaka chatsopano

masiku awa, mwinamwake zofunika kwambiri masika tchuthi Novruz Bayrami ndi - kupambana pa March vernal. Ndipotu, lero weniweni Chaka Chatsopano ndi mwezi Chisilamu kalendala. Mu Tatarstan tsiku yake chikondwerero mwaunyinji, izo anaganiza Khirisimasi mu nkombero wa banja, ali pa gome Payenera kukhala mbale ya nyemba, nandolo, mpunga. zikondwelelo zimenezi ndi zapadera, akutsatiridwa noisily ndipo mosangalala kwa anthu onse kuti iwo ankakhulupirira kuti kubweretsa zabwino zonse ndi chimwemwe kwa chaka chonse. Mwa chidule, Chitata kasupe chikondwerero ndi mbiri banja zimathandiza kulimbitsa achibale.

Hydyrlez

Chikhalidwe wakale wa mitundu yambiri mu njira ina chikugwirizana ndi kuswana ng'ombe ndi ulimi. Nazonso, ndi Chitata. Kuyambira nthawi makedzana iwo akhala akuchitika mu amtengo wapatali luso m'busa. miyambo ubusa zonse za Chitata tchuthi Hydyrlez anati pa chiyambi cha May. Kale, chikondwerero makamaka akulemekezedwa ndipo anati, monga ulamuliro, masiku awiri ndi zitatu.

Monga mipingu mu holide imeneyi unkayenera pano opanga mkate wapadera - kalaki amene zophikidwa ndi phulusa otentha. Zikondwerero zazikulu zidzachitike pa nthawi ya Hydyrleza madzulo. zinthu Traditional kuti zikondwelelo zimenezi - chimoto panja, imene kulumpha onse akulu ndi ana. Pa Hydyrlez Chitata anaganiza kuyamba kasupe ntchito yaubusa, amene kachiwiri amatanthauza ntchito wakale wa anthu. Akuti chikondwerero chotchuka kwambiri pakati komanso Crimea Chitata ndi ofanana Gagauz.

Sabantuy

Palibe chikondwerero samadziwika kunja kwa dzikoli monga Sabantuy - Chitata tchuthi zoyenera chiyambi cha ntchito ya zaulimi. Tsopano mulembe chikondwerero pa June 23, koma kalelo, tsiku osankhidwa akulu akulu anasankha midzi. Pasanapite isanayambe holide ana anapita alendo ndi pempho kuwapatsa amachitira. Anasonkhana mankhwala ana kunyumba, ndi kale pali theka wamkazi wa banja zimawathandiza kukonzekera tebulo mmawa kukhosi. Makamaka tcheru linaperekedwa kwa nyansi holide, mwambowu amatchedwa "Makwangwala Olimbana 'phala. Titamaliza kudya tinayamba zikondwerero, yoyamba - mndandanda wa ana mazira. Komanso, mazira amenewa utoto ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu nyumba ya n'kuwaika m'mabanzi anaphika, pretzels, yaing'ono mipira ya mtanda - baursaks.

Zikondwerero iyenera kuchitika mabwalo a (pa Chitata - "Maidan"). Mmodzi wa mpikisano wotchuka - nkhondo mu malamba a, kuresh. Pa nthawi yomweyo kudali pa mpikisano pake, pamene ophunzira onse zidzasankhidwa ndi magulu zaka. Machesi anamaliza kudumpha.

Today Sabantuy - Chitata holide, amene analandira udindo wa waukulu dziko chikondwerero cha Tatarstan. Izo chikondwerero osati m'midzi komanso m'madera a m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Komanso anayamba kupikisana luso oimba ndi ovina.

Zhyen

zikondwelelo za anthu Chitata Traditional kaŵirikaŵiri popanda kulungamitsidwa, kugwirizana ndi chiyambi cha gawo mu njira zaulimi. Ndi nazonso ndi Zhyen - chikondwerero imasonyeza akamaliza ntchito m'munda ndi kuyamba ndikutchetcha udzu. Kale Zhyen anati atabwerera midzi kunyumba Tartar akulu amene anabwerera kunyumba pambuyo kurultays (nsonga wamba msonkhano m'madera osiyanasiyana Chitata). Komabe, pa nthawi mwambo wa Khirisimasi zasintha. Anthu a midzi ina anatiitana kuti anzawo ena. Alendo anabwera ndi mphatso: chakudya, zokongoletsa, handicrafts ndi mtengo ndi zitsulo, nkhani nsalu chojambulidwa pa tsiku lapadera ngolo anapita ku cikondwelelo. Pakuti yense alendo latsopano yokutidwa tebulo tchuthi. Total chakudya akuyamba pamene kukhalapo kwa alendo onse.

Zhyen komanso angatchedwe mtundu wa chikondwerero kwa mkwati ndi mkwatibwi. Ndi Chitata mwambo pali zikondwerero kwenikweni, kumene anyamata ndi atsikana amatha kulankhula momasuka ndi mzake. Zhyen - wina maholide amenewa. Pa chikondwerero misa achinyamata akuyesera kuti apeze moyo mwamuna kapena mkazi, ndi makolo awo, nawonso, komanso anayesa kupeza masewera yabwino kwa ana.

Salamat

Pakati pa zikondwerero chikhalidwe Tatarstan, amene ankachitika mu autumn, ndi Salamat kwambiri lodziwika - chikondwerero wodzipereka kwa mapeto a nthawi yokolola. Dzina la holide anali waukulu mwambo tebulo amachitira, monga chimanga Salamatty. Linapangidwa ufa wa tirigu ndi mkaka owiritsa. mbale ino mbali wamkazi wa banja, theka aamuna a yemweyo nthawi imeneyi anapemphedwa kuyendera abale ndi abwenzi. Ndiye onse anasonkhana pa tebulo phwando, komwe kuwonjezera phala anapezeka maphunziro a mankhwala amene basi kuyisonkhanitsa. Ngati azichitira pambuyo chakudya kudalira tiyi.

Ramadani

Culture la Tatarstan, monga zaoneka, kumaphatikizapo zogwirizana ndi Islam. Kotero kuti anthu a dera amaona kuti ntchito yawo achipembedzo a kusala pa chinayi la mwezi woyera wa kalendala Chisilamu wotchedwa Ramadani.

Post - mmodzi wa zipilala zambiri Islam. Ndipotu, mwezi uno ndi wina kuposa nthawi chifukwa chololera kuyeretsedwa kwa wokhulupirira mwa mawu auzimu. Post (kapena soum) kumafuna kudziletsa ku kudya, zakumwa, mowa, kusuta, wapamtima kukhudzana. Chiletso lotsiriza mbandakucha kuti madzulo tsiku lililonse la mwezi woyera. zonsezi onse alimbikitse wokhulupirika kusiya zolinga uchimo ndi zolinga zoipa.

Kusunga soum ngongole zonse wamkulu ndi wathanzi Muslim, kaya mwamuna kapena mkazi. Thandizo ku positi akhoza kuwapeza apaulendo kokha, komanso akazi (chifukwa kusamba ndi mkaka wa m'mawere). Monga Malipiro kwa zokambirana ayenera inayake munthu wina kudya. Chitata miyambo analemekeza kusala kudya. Ramadani umatha ndi chikondwerero zikuluzikulu otchedwa Eid al-Fitr.

Eid al-Fitr

The mwezi wamawa a Shawwal pambuyo Ramadani ndi. tsiku lake loyamba - mwambo wa Eid al-Fitr, chikondwerero chodetsa mapeto a kusala kudya. Pa tsiku limenelo, wokhulupirira potsiriza kudikira nthawi yaitali ankamuyembekezera kumatula kwa yotopetsa kudya. Ngati achipembedzo Chitata maholide ena, Eid al-Fitr ndi pansi woyamba wa magawo wodzilamulira Chiyeretso cha wokhulupirira ndipo amalimbikitsa mapangidwe mabanja olimba. Pa tsiku limeneli anthu asonkhana akhale banja limodzi lalikulu, ndi kuthera kuyambira m'mawa mpaka usiku, chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zakale Muslim, abwere ku msonkhano uno ndi miyoyo ya abale akufa.

Cacikulu, holide ikusonyezedwa mthunzi wokondwa kwambiri, onse ankaganiza kuti Eid adzakhala anthu osangalala ndi kutukuka kwa chaka chonse lotsatira. Pa tsiku kuswa kudya awo ndi zofunika kukonza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa, ndi m'mizinda fairs ikuchitikira ndi malonda yolimbikira.

Eid al-Adha

Chitata maholide sangathe mokwanira anafotokoza popanda kutchula zimenezo chikondwerero, monga Eid al-Adha. Iwo umachitika chaka chilichonse kuyambira 10 tsiku 13 la mweziwo Muslim wa Dhul-Hijjah. Bukuli lili pa mapeto a Hajj - Haji ku wopatulika malo Chisilamu achipembedzo. holide limeneli nsembe chifukwa cha Allah. Eid al-Adha - waukulu achipembedzo chikondwerero osati Tatarstan, komanso dziko lonse lapansi Muslim.

Chikondwerero chimenechi anayambira yonena za Qur'an mmodzi wa aneneri - Abraham. Malinga ndi nthano, kamodzi Wamphamvuyonse wakonzera iye mayeso: kutsimikizira kuti amamukonda, Ibrahim anayenera kupereka nsembe mwana wake wokondedwa kumwamba, Ismail. Ibrahim anali wolimba mtima wake kuchita dongosolo ili, koma chifukwa GD, kukhulupirira mwa zolinga Mtumiki ndi sankafuna imfa ya mwana wake Ismail analola kusiya moyo, koma m'malo kupereka nsembe ya nyama.

Kuyambira pamenepo, Asilamu ulemu Abraham ft pa Eid al-Adha kuchita kokapha mwambo wa nyama. Tanthauzo la mwambo ndiyo kutsatira chitsanzo cha mmodzi wa aneneri otchuka achipembedzo amene m'dzina la chikondi kwa Mulungu anali atakonzeka nsembe yoyenerera. Nyama ya nyama pambuyo nsembe nthawi chidagawika patatu. Wina apita anthu amene akuvutika, ena - banja wokhulupirira, ndi wachitatu, ense mu Muslim angasunge.

"Anthu amabadwa dzuwa"

December 25 - tsiku lapadera mwa mawu a Chitata miyambo. Lero chikondwerero Nardugan (yomasulira ku Chitata - "kubadwa mwa Sun"), zomwe, ngati Novruz Bayram, tinganene kuti ngati holide ina chaka chatsopano. Izi makamaka kupambana achinyamata. The mbali yaikulu ya holide - ndi magule ndi nyimbo. achinyamata, mwachizolowezi, azipita ku nyumba zawo, komwe eni chilolezo ali awa nkhani yapadera kwambiri. Dance gawo tichipeza m'zinthu zingapo: moni, chifukwa eni, fortunetelling kuvina, tsalani bwino. A mbali yapadera ya mapwando akhale zovala bwanji. The kuvina ndi nyimbo ya achinyamata ayesera njira iliyonse zotheka kuti aphwetse mkwiyo wa mizimu yakuipa - ziwanda. Mtundu uliwonse wa chikhulupiriro, zotsatira za kayendedwe ka ulimi lotsatira anali amadalira kotheratu anthu Mdierekezi yemweyo, ngati inu nawakondweretse, iwo sikusokoneza yokolola. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuvina anachita monga liniya ndi kuvina nkhosa, agalu kuvina. miyambo zimenezi zili lero midzi ina Chitata.

tchuti

Tatarstan mu nthawi yathu - yofunika kwambiri nkhani ya la Russia. Komabe, dera wachita kale ankati wodzilamulira ndi ufulu. Pakutayika mwayokha mu 1552, ndi Kazan Khanate anakhala mbali ya Muscovy, kenako kusandulika mu Russian Ufumu. M'chigawo cha mayiko amenewa anawatcha chabe - m'chigawo Kazan, za aliyense kafungo renaming Tatarstan mwa funso.

Only mu 1920, Chitata Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic anali allocated monga mbali ya Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. August 30, 1990 anali kufuna payekha osadalira: lero, Bungwe la Tatarstan Supreme waganiza kulengeza boma ulamuliro wa Republic.

Komabe, pambuyo kugwa Soviet Union, dera wasankha kukhala mkati la Russia monga mmodzi wa mabungwe ake - dziko la Tatarstan. Komabe, kuyambira August 30 chikondwerero monga Tsiku limene Tatarstan mu mapangidwe Republic. tsiku ili ndi Republic lonse anthu tchuthi ndi waukulu boma tchuthi dera. Other Chitata boma mlingo zikondwerero lifanane ndi zonse Russian - chigonjetso Day, Tsiku la International amayi Labor Day, Tsiku la Woteteza wa Dziko Lathu.

miyambo wapadera

Kufotokoza, tikhoza kudabwa zosiyanasiyana Chitata chikhalidwe. Ndipotu, anali weaved zonse: zinachitikira anthu, kukumbukira zakale, makhalidwe achipembedzo ndi zochitika ano. Wina sangathe kupeza wina ngati anthu ndi kuchuluka ngati zikondwerero. Mulibe kutsutsana ndi mawu otsiriza - pamene aliyense mu Russian Hava Chaka Chatsopano akhoza chikondwerero mochuluka monga katatu? Choncho chimodzi chokha mapeto: Chitata chikhalidwe woyeneradi chitukuko ndi kufala wotsatira ku mibadwo wamng'ono.