Chitetezo chokwanira humoral

chitetezo cha m'thupi amateteza thupi ku tizilombo, mavairasi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mankhwala poizoni moyo wawo, osati. M'pofunika kusiyanitsa kukaniza thupi matenda monga titadziwa (si yeniyeni) ku mtundu anapeza (yeniyeni). Titadziwa chitetezo mabakiteriya chifukwa cha chibadwa. Zimagwirira nonspecific (kapena titadziwa) asanazolowere tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri zinthu phagocytosis ndi kutupa.

chitetezo chokwanira Specific kuli SENSOR kudziwika dongosolo la thupi. Zimenezi amachitira kuwerenga mfundo aggressors tizilombo - antigens ndi kasungidwe iwo. Okhudza maselo ambiri anapeza kukaniza matenda ntchito kuteteza maselo a malo amkati. chitetezo chokwanira humoral Iwo ikuchitika madzi extracellular.

Choyamba maselo zoteteza matenda chamoyo macrophages kuti amasamukira momasuka madzimadzi intercellular, kuwamanga ndi Antigen, izo inatchulidwa. Kulimbikitsa kuti ntchitozi zoteteza kulumikiza wothandiza maselo T mthandizi ndi adamulowetsa B-lymphocytes. lymphocytes posachedwa ndi kusinthidwa, lidzasinthidwa maselo plasma, amene umatulutsa mankhwala akupha yeniyeni. Choncho anapanga anapeza humoral ayankhe mthupi ndi mapangidwe maselo yeniyeni kukumbukira, kusunga pa Antigen ndi. Pamene Antigen sekondale akulowa thupi ofanana anachita athamangadi wamphamvu oteteza ayankhe n'zothandiza Mwachitsanzo, zinthu matupi awo sagwirizana.

chitetezo chokwanira Humoral zimadalira chiŵerengero opangidwa mu mafupa a T-athandizi ndi T-suppressors, advantageously 2: 1. ubale Izi anagwiriridwa mu AIDS zosemphana 1: 2, kwa kufa maselo T-Mthandizi, HIV ndi matenda. Choncho, matenda aliwonse amakhalabe yosadziwika, kuti chifukwa cha imfa ya chamoyo.

Gulu la chitetezo mu sing'anga extracellular wa chamoyo

Antigens chilengedwe kotero zosiyanasiyana kuti ulamuliro dongosolo humoral zingabweretse 108 osiyana ndi chitetezo yeniyeni. Ndime zambiri DNA mapuloteni ndi wapadera mu dongosolo lawo, iwo kudziwa oteteza zosiyanasiyana.

Immunoglobulins makalasi asanu kupereka khola zoteteza ayankhe antigens.

1. Maphunziro G.

Immunoglobulin G kalasi mu thupi pa mpumulo (18 ga pa lita). Ig G nkhondo poizoni, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi mwazi ndi lymph.

2. Maphunziro A.

Immunoglobulins ndi seramu kalasi, amene zimafala mu magazi ndi zopangitsa secretory mu madzi m'thupi. mapulotini Globular wa seramu magazi ndi udindo chitetezo chokwanira pa onse. immunoglobulin katulutsidwe amatiteteza m'dera ndi matenda, poizoni, kupanga chotchinga kwa malowedwe a misa zawo. chitetezo chokwanira Humoral amaperekedwa ndi IgA chitetezo chimene chili ARI, chibayo, matenda chotupa zofunikira.

3. Maphunziro E.

Maphunziro E immunoglobulins amagwira ntchito ya kuwonongedwa poizoni mu phagocytosis wa particles yachilendo, kulumikiza awo ndi neutralization kuwononga zigawo chapamwamba maselo bakiteriya. The zili Ig E mu madzi ndi intercellular kumawonjezera matenda monga matenda akulu ndi ana. Linalinso zikuphatikizapo Ig E chitetezo kwa erythrocytes chiyambi yachilendo.

4. Maphunziro D.

Immunoglobulin kalasi D zimafala makamaka plasma nembanemba kwa maselo, ndi seramu ndende ndi wotsika. Ntchito mapuloteni Ig D B lymphocytes amasonyeza specialization chofunika, kuphatikizapo ntchito njira autoimmune.

5. Maphunziro M.

Immunoglobulin Ig M zimafala mkati ziwiya, maselo kusandulika plasma milandu ya pulayimale ingress antigens mu thupi. Mapuloteni Ig M chikuphatikizapo chitetezo chokwanira wamphamvu humoral mu bacteremia.