Kwambiri ductile zitsulo - golide

Gold - ndi zitsulo wotchuka kwambiri mu mbiri, chikhalidwe, mu chuma. Odzakhala chuma cha iwo anakhetsa mitsinje ya magazi, inadutsa mikangano banja ndipo ngakhale nkhondo zinkachitikira. kufunika kwake kwa chitukuko lonse anthu zachokera katundu wake wapadera mankhwala ndi thupi, pa peculiarities wa kapangidwe mkati.

Gold - ndiyo ductile zitsulo. khalidwe Izi zimapangitsa otchuka kulikonse kwa zodzikongoletsera mlandu kwa microelectronics.

Kwambiri "zitsulo" zitsulo

golide simuvutika onse a mbali odziwika kuti asayansi kuitana zitsulo. Pakuti madutsidwe magetsi, ndi yokha siliva, mkuwa, ndi palladium koyera. Matenthedwe madutsidwe - yemweyo siliva, mkuwa, cobalt. Ndi luso la zimatentha mphamvu ndi yokha ndiyo golidi zosowa bismuth, Mercury ndi siliva patsogolo. Ena "zitsulo" katundu - malleability ndi kuwala kusinkhasinkha - ndi ngwazi. Gold - ndi ductile zitsulo kwambiri mu dziko, ndi glitter ake - mfundo ndi lodziwika bwino.

Kapangidwe maselo a golide ndi kwambiri "zitsulo". Ndi latisi geometrically zonse ndi ayoni zabwino mu mfundo ndi mtambo wandiweyani ndende "E" wa therebetween mpweya. Izi atomu gawo zimapanga ufulu ma elekitironi, oyenerera pa akunja mlingo mphamvu. Kulenga mphamvu wokongola pakati pa mfundo kophimba amene amapereka mphamvu kwa deform zitsulo popanda kusokoneza kukhulupirika wonse. Umu ndi mmene ambiri ductile zitsulo.

Khama la plasticity

Kuchokera Greek Πλαστική ( "sculpting", "akamaumba") pakubwera mawu "pulasitiki," womwe unawonjezera mizu ena okhudzana ndi kusintha mawonekedwe a olimba. Plasticity - Olimba State katundu kusintha mawonekedwe ndi kukula ndi kusunga yotsalira mapindikidwe pambuyo kuchotsa mphamvu zakunja popanda kusintha voliyumu ndi Idyani.

Chifukwa zitsulo, ndi umodzi wa mikhalidwe chofunika kwambiri chimene chimathandiza ntchito mchitidwe. Popanda luso angagwirizanitse workpieces anapanga zitsulo mawonekedwe ankafunila Zikanakhala zosatheka chifukwa ngakhale zosavuta zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku. Gold - kwambiri ductile zitsulo ndi nkhani yakeyo - ndi chitsanzo cha zomwe mawonekedwe mukhoza ovomerezeka zinthu zokwanira kulipira, kuthamanga pakubwezeretsa, Tambasula, kujambula, etc. n'zosiyana tanthauzo la chuma cha chuma ndi Chimaona ...

ductility mayeso

Zochita za zitsulo ductility anthu amati mayesero malo amodzi. The kwambiri ndi kwamakokedwe mayeso. Kuti tipeze ndilo ductile zitsulo, ayenera pansi chotero zimakhudza zitsanzo wofanana kukula pansi chofanana kutentha. mapindikidwe kuchuluka okhoza kupirira zitsulo chitsanzo pamaso chophukacho, - cholinga muyeso wa ductility.

N'zosangalatsa kumva mawu a zotsatira kwamakokedwe mayeso ndi akuluakulu awiri china. Elongation - kuchuluka kwa kutalika chitsanzo kuchuluka pambuyo kusiyana ndi chifukwa mapindikidwe ku chiyambi. Kwambiri ductile zitsulo - golide - ali mlingo - 65%. Yerekezerani: chitsulo - 40-50 aluminiyamu - 30-40.

Chizindikiro chachiwiri plasticity - wachibale kuchepetsa wa nyemba mtanda yachigawo. Gold ali mbali yoyamba ya nyemba ndi 90% kuposa zimene ali pamaso kuswa. Mu zotayidwa, ichi chithunzi - 80% ya mkuwa - 75%.

Zofewa, ductile ndi cholimba

Malinga ndi Mohs lonse kuuma pa mlingo golide - 2.5-3.7. Mu maonekedwe ake angwiro zitsulo izi ndi mmene lililonse limatisokoneza zipangizo zambiri wamba ndi zochepa chabe ndi mpeni kapena fingernail. Choncho, kupewa mofulumira nkhani avale golide, kwa kupanga zitsulo awo anawonjezera ligature wapadera ikuthandizira zinthu, amangoona siliva kapena mkuwa. Kumeneko golide ndi zosafunika zoipa. Kwambiri ductile zitsulo mu tebulo zodziwitsa pamaso pa kutsogolera, pulatinamu, cadmium kapena sulfa amakhala Chimaona.

The softness chilengedwe wapadera wa golide, ndi lowonjezera ndi kulimba kwake ndi ductility. Chomasuka akamaumba ndi processing mfundo lowonjezera mpweya wambiri wa kwamakokedwe mphamvu - 3300 makilogalamu / masentimita ^2. Izi osakaniza wapadera wa thupi katundu ndi makina a golide ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Mwachitsanzo - tsamba golide.

Domes mu Russia Croutes golide woyenga ...

Ngakhale kale golide, zitsulo uyu wakhala a zosoŵa komanso zamtengo wapatali. Ndi kwambiri ductile zitsulo. khalidwe Izi zimapangitsa ntchito zojambulazo golide kwa zinthu zokongoletsera mkati, kapena ngakhale kuphimba mtengo wogwira domes mpingo. Zochepa wapatali zitsulo chofunika wokutira dera lalikulu la 1 galamu ya mbale angakhale pepala sankabisa dera 1 mita ^2.

Ngakhale Buku njira yopangira mapepala golide plating limachititsa kukwaniritsa makulidwe a masauzande imodzi millimeter a. makulidwe Ichi chizathandiza othandiza magazi kuundana golide kumamatira padziko chifukwa kukopa maselo. Kagwiridwe yopangira tinsel kwambiri bwino. Tsopano flattening mapepala golide ntchito mzere robotic, koma mwa ndondomeko - mkulu ductility choyambira.

ulusi golide

Luso la golide kupirira mphamvu kwamakokedwe popanda kuswa kudziwika kuyambira pa chiyambi cha ntchito zamalonda. Kupanga waya kwa zodzikongoletsera unakhazikitsidwa Kale - olamulira akale ankadziwa zimene zitsulo ndi pulasitiki kwambiri. Mu pakati pa XX m'ma opangidwa microwire ndi pakati golide, amene ngakhale ndi kutchinjiriza pulasitiki inali nthawi 7 n'kakang'ono kuposa tsitsi la munthu. 1 gram wa zitsulo golide ankawakonda filament mosalekeza za 3,5 Km yaitali.

luso lero zinkabweretsa golide waya makulidwe a ku microns angapo, pofuna ubwino zamakono zitsulo akupitiriza.