Chombo "Mtsogoleri": mbali ndi chithunzi

The malangizo chachikulu chitukuko cha kumpoto Nyanja Njira ndi kuonetsetsa kuti katundu zipangizo mchere yaiwisi, ndipo ntchito imeneyi dziko likusowa mtsogoleri watsopano Chombo. Kukhazikitsa ntchito ndalama m'munda wa chuma mchere (khumi a iwo ali oyanjana ndi mafuta ndi gasi, ndi anayi - ndi khala ndi migodi miyala, kuphatikizapo analipo oyembekezera - Norilsk, Dudinka, New Port Dickson, "Yamal Lng" ndi ena) pamafunika mosalekeza polumikizira. Ndipo chifukwa yaitali, kwambiri mwamsanga, - kuwonjezeka magalimoto NSR, amene panopa ntchito m'zombo liniya, amene anayi a atomiki ndi anayi dizilo ndi mphamvu ya magetsi. Iwo ali osakwanira, chifukwa padzakhala masiku ano ayenera Chombo mtsogoleri posachedwa.

Vuto ndi ntchito

Mu madzi a kumpoto kwa Nyanja Route ali, monga tanenera, zombo eyiti: nyukiliya "Vaigach", "Taimyr", "Yamal" ndi "Zaka 50 Chigonjetso", komanso injini dizilo "Captain Dranitsin", "Kapitan Khlebnikov", "Krasin" ndi "asilikali Makarov". Port zomangamanga mu chitukuko lolunjika kwathunthu pa chitukuko cha minda mafuta ndi gasi, ndi zikamera wa zombo zatsopano zamakono, kodi ndi mtsogoleri Chombo m'tsogolo, komanso kotheratu chifukwa migodi. Chotero chotengera ndi deadweight matani oposa zikwi zana ndi mamita oposa makumi asanu lonse, idzachitike katundu chaka chonse zoyendera onse pamodzi njira nyanja. Liwiro, zomwe analonjeza kukhala mtsogoleri Chombo, anakonza yosafuna - pafupifupi khumi ndi mfundo mu ayezi zothinanitsa.

kamangidwe kuyambirira zinachitikadi "Krylovskiy SSC" ndi CDB "madzi oundana". Kuyambira pachiyambi, anayamba zatsopano nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa Chombo mtsogoleri (Lk-110YA ntchito). Iye amatha kupereka chaka chonse navigation ndi kuti ayende onse maulendowa kwa Arctic. chombo amayenera kukhala yaikulu - mamita oposa mazana awiri yaitali makumi lonse. Mphamvu pa mitengo, monga mwa dzina la polojekiti, wakonzedwa za 110 MW (mawu olembedwa a udindo: Luka - ayezi baka ichidachi, 110 - mphamvu, I - ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya chomera). Kwenikweni onse pamodzi NSR zofunika Zombo, angathe kugonjetsa ayezi makulidwe ndi mamita atatu ndi hafu. Koma panali ntchito ina - Luka 120 MW, chiyembekezo cha Arctic zombo wathu, ndi kulankhula za ayankhidwa pansipa.

mapulani

Mu dera la kumadzulo kwa Arctic ayezi si monga wakuda - mamita atatu, ndipo kotero kupereka Zombo panyanja nthawi iliyonse chaka, ngakhale ali ndi mphamvu megawatts mpaka makumi asanu. Mu East, njira yonse, ayezi zinthu n'zosiyana kwambiri. Choncho kuthandiza chaka chonse navigation pamodzi kumpoto Nyanja Route, moyo ukugwirizana zombo alipo nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa inakonzedwa (poyamba inakonzedwa zikwi zana limodzi maola, ndipo tsopano - zana ndi makumi asanu). Ndipo pa nthawi ino kumanga ndi achita m'Mphamvu mbadwo watsopano wa chilengedwe nyukiliya awiri kusodza makina, kuphatikiza mtsogoleri Chombo (Lk-110YA ntchito). mapulani amenewa analipo mpaka 2008, pamene Zombo latsopano zinkayenera kuti ziyikidwe mu ntchito.

Chifukwa, nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa "Siberia" wakhala akweza, ndi lodziwika bwino "Arctic" anabadwa mu 1972, amene amakhala atatopa kwathunthu zinthu zake, anali mu June 2016, m'malo mwa latsopano "Arctic", luso m'malo Zombo awiri - ndi nyanja kupita atatu-mita ayezi ndi kugwira ntchito mu mitsinje. Komabe, Launch sizikutanthauza akamaliza ntchito zonse. Pomaliza, Chombo adzaphedwa kugwira ntchito mu December 2017, ngati zonse zimapita malinga ndi ndondomeko. Izi chombo zabwino kwambiri, ndi kofunika kwambiri, koma si mtsogoleri chomwecho. Mbali A ndiye kuti mtsogoleri Chombo ayezi passability angadwale mpaka mamita atatu ndi hafu. Komanso, chinawonjezeka mlingo wa chisanu, koma chifukwa pilotage adzakhala anapereka osalakwika mawu a yobereka katundu. Ngakhale nthawi ya chaka kapena nyengo zinthu sangadandaule Chombo Lk-110YA ( "mtsogoleri" - ntchito malamulo mu nkhani iyi). Development anali otanganidwa CDB "madzi oundana" ndi OKBM dzina Afrikantov (nyukiliya makhazikitsidwe).

Kodi ntchito

Mu 2015, dziko Anaona zomwe Chombo mtsogoleri nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa, ngakhale okha anali wokonzeka polojekiti. Mu December ya chaka anati unachitikira wachisanu Mayiko Forum wodzipereka kwa panopa komanso tsogolo la Arctic, ndi Krylov Center Research pa choikapo chake anasonyeza kulonjezedwa chitsanzo cha tsogolo la chombo. Icho chinali Chombo, mtsogoleri wa polojekiti 10510. mphamvu Zake zakonzedwa mu megawatts zana makumi awiri, ndipo anamanga zidzakhala zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kapena zisanu ndi zinayi. Fulumira ndi iyi yosatheka, tiyenera zomangamanga yake ndi katundu zombo. Mu 2015 inatha kapangidwe kuyambirira, ndipo mu 2016 cholinga and Technology. Tsopano akukonzekera kapangidwe zolembedwa. Kupyolera mu ntchito iyi, mtsogoleri Chombo zidzabwerezedwa zosiyanasiyana milingo kokha.

Ndiye Kubinka anali Forum mayiko "Army 2016", pomwe chitsanzo inali kuperekedwa kachiwiri, koma osiyana kuchokera kwa wapachiyambi. Kulengedwa ntchito anasintha mawonekedwe kwambiri. Nyukiliya Chombo ntchito "Mtsogoleri" ndi akupangidwa ndi makampani akuluakulu. Choyamba, CDB "madzi oundana" - ndi mapulogalamu otchuka ndi Krylovskiy SSC kwenikweni kugwirizana nawo aliyense kapangidwe cilamulo. Pankhaniyi, kunja zasintha kwambiri. Mu 2017, kukhazikitsa othandiza pa chitukuko anayamba.

ntchito pang'ono

Kamangidwe, umene ndi nyukiliya Chombo Mtsogoleri (Project 10510) ndi wapadera ndi wokhoza kupereka Kulumikizana mu ayezi, ngakhale a onyamula lalikulu chochuluka ndi mathanki, anthu amene tsopano ntchito kumpoto Nyanja Route sangathe. A mawu atsopano mu mbiri ya makampani shipbuilding adzalowa zimene chotengera sadzakhala ndi aliyense wa chomwecho mtanda nthiti mu pachimake (chimango), amene ayenera kupereka permeability imachita ayezi, amene sangathe kuchita chilichonse ayezi izi kalasi. Okonza kuti masamu ndipo anapeza njira zothetsera latsopano luso kuti Chombo mtsogoleri amene Kamangidwe chithunzi aikidwa koyambirira ndi kumapeto kwa review, tikhoza mosavuta ngakhale zitatu ndi theka ndi mamita anayi mu ayezi makulidwe ndipo ngakhale onse asanu, amaika mumsewu kwa zombo muzithera m'lifupi mamita oposa makumi asanu.

Ndipo monga "woonda" ayezi (mamita awiri!), Ndi zidzachitika popanda kuchepetsa liwiro mfundo khumi ndi zinayi. Ndi mphamvu, anakonza zaka khumi zapitazo, kale zikuoneka kuti osakwanira. megawatts zana makumi awiri ayenera kukhala osachepera mtsogoleri mutu Chombo, 110 MW okonza takambiranazi mphamvu wamba ndithu umenewu colossus. Pambuyo mndandanda wa ochiritsira Chombo Luka 60 ziwiri mita ayezi ikuyenda pa liwiro la mfundo ziwiri zokha, ndipo amatha kubooleza njanji palibe onse kuposa mamita sate-sikisi. Injini pa bolodi latsopano adzapatsidwa nkhani graphene, ndipo alibe analogues mu dziko. Izi mankhwala wapadera invulnerable kwa ayezi, zomwe kusintha mawonekedwe kwa akadakwanitsira malingana ndi changu ayezi ndi, kutanthauza kuti ngalawa liwiro sanataye, koma kupeza mosavuta. Mu kugwa kwa 2017 kafukufuku - n'zosangalatsa kumva, experimental ndi zovuta - kale zikadzachitika, ndi mayesero zonse zapita. kudziyimira pawokha chotengera munakonza asanu ndi atatu mwezi (nthawi ya ulendo popanda kuitana doko), ndipo nthawi ya opaleshoni - kwa zaka makumi anayi. Mutu Chombo Mtsogoleri (Project 10510) inakonzedwa kuyamba utumiki wa mu 2024.

Chiwerengerochi

Kuwonjezera pa mutu wa icebreaking chotengera kupitiriza kukulitsa zimene zinakambidwa kale m'nkhani ino - ndi nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa Chombo, mtsogoleri wa 110 MW. Kusamutsidwa matani 600 55, kutalika - pazipita 206, ndipo m'lifupi - mamita 40, kuya - mamita 20, sludge - 13, ndi opaleshoni osachepera - mamita 11. Iwo akhale okonzeka ndi injini atatu. Ndi madzi woyera kupita pa liwiro la mfundo 24 ndi azimasuka makulidwe mpaka mamita 3.5. Chombo amenewa adzafunika gulu la anthu 127.

Ndipo kuyerekezera, mutu wa makhalidwe mtsogoleri Chombo (polojekiti 105110). Kusamutsidwa apamwamba - matani 71380, kutalika 209 m, m'lifupi 47,7. Chitayiko ku chotengera ichi ndi chomwecho - mamita 13. Koma kachitidwe riyakitala ndi wamphamvu kwambiri. Raktora kudzakhala awiri - RITM-400, onse a kutentha linanena bungwe la 350 MW. A mphamvu chotengera, monga zinanenedwa pamwamba, 120 MW. Malinga Chombo ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana si zochepa, kudziyimira pawokha chakudya - miyezi itatu. manambala chidwi mosagwirizana ndi chotengera mlingo patency ndi matalala: kakakulu 4.3 mamita - 2 mfundo, monga pa makulidwe a 2 m - 15 mfundo. M'lifupi njira, zomwe zikupangitsa Chombo - 51 mamita.

Pamwamba kwambiri

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Zombo kale anatengera zochita ndi boma la Russia, kumene ndalama tasked kuthetsa angapo mabungwe - Utumiki wa Makampani Russia, Russian Utumiki wa Transport, Unduna wa Zachuma ndi State Corporation "Rosatom". yomanga siriyo kudzayamba pamene 2020. A kapangidwe kuyambirira lero ali wokonzeka, ndi kumanga Zombo anayamba 110 MW. A mutu-mtsogoleri Chombo ndi kawiri amphamvu monga tsopano tikukonza - shestidesyatimegavattnyh, monga ananena kale mu May 2015, wotchedwa Dmitry Rogozin. gawo chitukuko adzagonjetsedwa mu dongosolo chafika maganizo luso, ndiye kapangidwe kuyambirira, pambuyo ntchito ndi mwaukadaulo ndipo potsiriza ntchito.

Ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri, pa mapeto a June 2017, ku St. Petersburg anatsegula Mayiko Maritime silikhali Show, kumene Aleksey Rahmanov, Pulezidenti Shipbuilding Corporation, analankhula kwambiri za ziyembekezo kuti adzabweretsa pomanga ntchito Chombo 10510 "Mtsogoleri". Iye ananenanso kuti Utumiki wa Makampani ndi ndalama polojekiti zokha mu ntchito koyamba, chifukwa zinthu zamakono koma ntchito kokwanira. N'chifukwa chake mapangidwe chiwembu ndalama zomangira nyumba yake sanabadwe wayamba. deadlines Chombo ntchito kalero amasamuka chaka china. Izo poyamba amayenera kuchita mu 2023, ndipo anaitana TH 2025.

M'mene zinachitikira

Mtundu kwambiri zingamuthandize wa Zombo m'tsogolo muno akatswiri onse akuona Russian nyukiliya Chombo ntchito 10510 "Mtsogoleri", kuphatikizapo LC-110YA ndi LC-120YA). Ntchito chachikulu chotengera ngati - kupereka chaka chonse navigation pamodzi kutalika lonse la kumpoto kwa Nyanja Route ndi kuchita kukaona ku Arctic. media ambiri ogulitsira amanena kuti Rosatomflot analonjeza kuti amange chombo chotere kwa chaka 2023 mu Severodvinsk kapena St Petersburg, ndi njira kutero adzapereka pulogalamu sotsekonomrazvitiya ndi Russian Arctic, ndi m'nyengo mpaka 2020 adzakhala ndalama, ndipo mwa mawu yaitali.

Komabe, mu April 2017 Unduna wa Development Economic lisamayende mwatsatanetsatane kuti kukonzedwa bwino pulogalamu, kupatulapo kwa ndalama ya rubles biliyoni makumi asanu ndi atatu, amene ankafuna kuti aganyali yomanga chotengeracho. Mwina zochita zimenezi n'zomveka: nawo ngati ntchito yaikulu boma asapembedzere okha. Dziko ali zambiri likulu payekha, zimene zimapangitsa kwambiri chilengedwe cha ayezi baka ichidachi, kutsegula navigation wozungulira pamodzi kumpoto Nyanja Route.

Maritime silikhali Show

Chifukwa cha mayiko Maritime silikhali Show, ndipo ngakhale ziletso odana Russian, nthumwi ambiri achilendo kwambiri yodziwa ntchito ya Chombo latsopano. Panali atsogoleri a magulu panyanja ya m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, Mlembi wa Navy ndi ambiri opanga yachilendo, makamaka European. Iwo anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi zofuna umanena bulu wathu, ndi, mfundo, kuti chinachake chidwi iwo sanafe konse.

Arctic mutu - zonse wapadera. ndi ntchito zonse za Zombo Russian akhala bwino kuphunzira alendo ena, koma kwa Chombo "Mtsogoleri" mu theka chidwi anasonyeza modabwa. Opondapo Zombo nyukiliya "Siberia", "Ural", "Arctic" kudzachitika ntchito kuchokera 2019 mpaka 2021-TH, ndipo iwo onse ndi theka la mphamvu - 60 MW. Ndipo ichi - mtsogoleri, iye ndi megawatts wake handiredi ndi twente adzatha kung'amba ayezi ndi pafupifupi palibe zoletsa - mamita osachepera asanu wandiweyani.

malingaliro katswiri

kwa ziwiya icebreaking kwa likutukuka, koma chifukwa cha kasamalidwe zombo - ndi nyukiliya ndi omwe si a nyukiliya - anadza kufunika kulimbikitsa, - kuti akatswiri Russian anadza kwa maganizo. Mu dziko lathu, ndithudi, pali zinthu kumanga kwambiri Chombo zombo, ndi lidzakwezedwa kwathunthu eni kozizira, monga katundu kumeneko nthawi zonse kukula. Komabe, ntchito yomanga ziwiya Arctic ayenera kulimbana osati ndi boma ndalama. Malinga ndi akatswiri, m'pofunika kukhala m'dera limeneli ndi kukopa ndalama payekha kuti pomanga Zombo latsopano.

Voliyumu ya magalimoto pamodzi NSR (Kumpoto Nyanja Route) kwa 2016 anali pafupifupi isanu ndi matani mamiliyoni theka, ndi mkubwela ayezi, ndi kupereka chaka chonse navigation, iye amakula miliyoni makumi asanu ndi atatu. Kale ndi malonjezo 2024 mayendedwe upambana matani mamiliyoni makumi anai. The katundu chachikulu - mafuta, liquefied gasi, zitsulo, malasha. Mabungwe chinkhoswe mu migodi ndiponso pokonza a mchere, makamaka chidwi kuoneka Chombo izi kalasi. Limalonjeza iwo phindu yaikulu, kotero tiyeni ndi padera.

chuma Arctic

The anakonza chitukuko cha chuma Arctic chaka ndi chaka kumawonjezera otaya katundu pamodzi NSR lapansi. Nthawi ya chitukuko mafakitale likugwirizana koposa zonse kuphunzira madera atsopano ndi malo wolemera chuma choyamba - mafuta ndi gasi. Ntchito imeneyi wakhalako kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali Norilsk mafakitale, Kola migodi, Nenets ndi Yamalo-Nenets mafuta ndi gasi makampani, komanso zina zambiri zinthu zazikulu panjira ku Kola kuti ndi Chukotka Peninsula.

Ngakhale lero, kozizira - peresenti eyite kupanga mafuta peresenti khumi kupanga mafuta, nainte-faifi a m'zigawo za faifi tambala ndi zana pa zana - apatite. mchere zonse zimene zimatipatsa madera awa, ndipo ngakhale zovuta ati. Katundu magalimoto ku Arctic kwathunthu chikugwirizana ndi katundu wa mankhwala amenewa, ndi kuti makumi ambiri mamiliyoni matani. Zimafunika osati ayezi breakers, komanso zombo katundu zedi mokwanira, ndi kalasi Kumwambamwamba, mwachitsanzo - Arc, 7. zingapo ayezi breakers ayenera kawiri osachepera, chifukwa chirichonse tsopano ntchito kale kuthamangitsidwa chitsimikizo utumiki nthawi yotsiriza.