Vitebsk chigawo: zowoneka, mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Vitebsk dera ndi gawo la Belarus. likulu lake utsogoleri mzinda wa Vitebsk, pafupi umene ukufika mtsinje Zapadnaya Dvina ndi Vitba.

nthawi maukulu

Amaganiza mu M'badwo Stone pa dera la dera Vitebsk akhoza anthu athu makolo lakutali kwambiri. Phunziro kuzindikiridwa malo anthu wosazindikira limene lachititsa kuti iwo a Mkuwa ndi Iron Age.

Mu "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" masamba a Nkhani wotchuka, amene analilemba mu 862, izo anatchula za ukulu wa Polotsk mu masiku ano Vitebsk. The Prince choyamba cha amakezana Kupititsa wagawo m'dera limenelo anali Prince Rogvolod, ndi udindo anatumidwa ku likulu la Polotsk. Today Vitebsk dera, kuona zimene ife kufotokoza m'nkhani, izo zimawoneka, ndithudi, yosiyana.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka XIII-XIV, anayamba njira mofulumira chitukuko cha deralo, mwa mawu a zamalonda ndi chikhalidwe. Kale m'zaka za m'ma XVI. Dera la mchitidwe Orthodox ndi akachisi a sukulu woyamba anatsegula. Nthawi zambiri, mbiri yakale chidwi kwambiri dera Vitebsk - zowoneka zonse zili pano, n'zosatheka kuona tsiku lina.

Njira kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XVI

Mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVI. mu Europe, kupeza mphamvu Polish Ufumu, amene pambuyo merging ndi Grand Duchy la Lithuania anapanga Chipolishi Chilituyaniya Commonwealth. kusintha basi mphamvu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVII. ndipo Vitebsk minda, pamodzi ndi zotsatira zake zonse. Udindo waukulu wa Chikatolika, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mpingo Republic, kukhazikitsidwa kwa Akatolika College ndi malo Bernardine obisika. Mwa njira, lero iwo ali - zokopa yaikulu ya chigawo Vitebsk.

Mu 1866, nthambi ya sitima ku Eagle kuti Riga pamodzi ndi mizinda likulu awiri a Russian Ufumu, komanso Kiev ndi Brest, m'gulu kapangidwe kake wa Vitebsk. Ndipo ndi 1914, Vitebsk - yaikulu m'dera la mzinda ndi makampani bwino anayamba. Patsogolo ulimi wa 1917 mu makampani osiyanasiyana mafakitale mumzindawo ntchito pafupifupi 8% mfulu 109.000 kukhalamo.

Mu nthawi kuchokera January kwa April 1919 Poland anapezerapo mwayi pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni pa gawo, kumizidwa mu chisokonezeko, ndi Russian Ufumu, nakhala gawo la dziko la Belarus pamodzi ndi likulu panopa Minsk. Komabe, m'chigawo Vitebsk anakhalabe mu Soviet Russia.

Modern Vitebsk dera

Vitebsk Oblast Education imagwera pakati January 1938 A July 11, 1941 mu Vitebsk panali German asilikali misewu. M'zaka nkhondo ku Germany pafupifupi anaonongedwa kwathunthu midzi yaikulu.

Modern Vitebsk dera anatchuka chifukwa mlingo wake mkulu wa chitukuko cha malonda komanso ulimi. The boma amalimbikitsa nyimbo zikondwerero, anayambitsa ndi zochitika zina za chikhalidwe. Ndi mutu wa pakati dera chikugwirizana wotchuka "Asilavo Bazaar". Choncho dera Vitebsk, zowoneka zimene ife zolowa, mwina bwinobwino kuonedwa ndi pakati chikhalidwe cha dziko.

Mfundo Zina chidwi zokhudzana ndi Vitebsk Oblast

Tauni zing'onozing'ono m'dera ndi Disna, limene lili pa mtsinje wa dzina chomwecho. Kuyambira 1921 mpaka 1939 m'tawuni ankaona mbali ya Poland. Ndipo kuyambira 1959 izo amapeza udindo wake apano - Disna (Vitebsk dera). Zosangalatsa ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu. Alendo ayenera kudzacheza kuno:

• kuchipatala (kuyambira XX mu.) - bwinja;
• Site ya m'linga wakale (zaka XVI-XVII.);
• munda "Doroshkovichi";
• Kuuka Church.

anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti maziko a chiwembu buku A. S. Pushkina "Dubrovsky" ankatumikira monga chochitika chimene chinachitika onse Vitebsk chomwecho. Ganizo wotchuka Russian Wolemba ndakatulo anauziridwa ndi mnzake Naschokinym P. V. Vitebsk Pushkin anali pamene, mu 1823, anauzidwa kuti 13 mwezi kutchula Odessa. Ndipo ena zowoneka a dera Vitebsk amadzipereka ku mwambo umenewu.

Izo ziri zodziwika bwino, ku Paris anayamba kuguba ku Ulaya, Kubadwa Kwatsopano, Kubadwa Kwatsopano. A Vitebsk, mezhdk njira, mutu wa likulu chachiwiri cha luso malangizo. Mwatsoka, mfundo imeneyi, ochepa amva.

Today Vitebsk ayenera kunyadira kuchuluka kwa zinthu za mtengo mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe. Pali 219 zipilala, eyiti zokhudza mbiri ndi asanu - kuti zinthu zakale zokumba pansi. Wolemera nyumba zakale Vitebsk dera. Kukawona angathe kukhala nthawi yaitali akuonera, kumvetsera nkhani zosangalatsa za anthu wamba ndi kuwatsogolera.

Apadera umunthu wa dera Vitebsk

Vitebsk anabadwira ndi kukulira Mark Shagal. anakhala zaka wake ubwana mu Pokrovskaya msewu. Mu nyumba kumene banja anakhala wotchuka zojambula za m'tsogolo, tsopano ndi kowonera zakale. zinthu zonse m'nyumba, amene anali kuchita ndi zilandiridwenso Chagall, tsopano anasonyeza mu nyumbayi monga zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho.

Monga zikalata archival mu 1896 Mfalansa Fernand Guillen pamaziko a mgwirizanowo anapangana ndi boma mzinda, anayamba kumanga njira trams magetsi. Chifukwa chakuti izi patapita zaka ziwiri, mzinda kale cruised mawonekedwe osaka mabasi ndi magalimoto. Museum wa mbiri zimasunga kukumbukira mwambo wapadera - pa sitima yoyamba, amene ankaona kunyada kwa Vitebsk.

Mu July 1895 yokhazikika ya Vitebsk Drevnitskoy OM anatha bwinobwino kumtunda parachuti moti anatchuka kwambiri, kukhala mkazi woyamba parachutist.

Kumayambiriro 80 ntchentche za m'ma XIX. Vitebsk wojambula zithunzi Sigizmundu Yurkovskomu anabwera ndi lingaliro wanzeru - akonzekeretse m'kanthawi kamera shutter. Izi analidi kusintha m'munda wa zithunzi.

Chidwi mfundo nkhondo

nkhondo anachoka mu mbiri ya dera Vitebsk ndi chizindikiro kukoma. Choncho, miyezi 3 Vitebsk anali Asilikali Napoleon anali kuchita zone pa nkhondo ya 1812 Palace Bwanamkubwa, amene pa nthawiyo anali pa Akukwera Hill, Napoleon anasankha kuika likulu asilikali. Mu mzinda uwu Chibelarusi mfumu ya French pa August 3, anayenera kubadwa kwake lotsatira.

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo chifukwa Vitebsk anali mmodzi wa kuzisiya. Pafupifupi nyumba onse anawonongedwa (93%) ndi 167 zikwi nzika za kupulumuka chinali 118. yekha Komabe, atagonjetsedwa wa Nazi ankhondowo anayamba amangenso mzinda.

zipilala asilikali wotchuka Vitsebsk dera - zowoneka, amene sangachoke aliyense osayanjanitsika.

Ili Repina Museum ndi Hagia Sophia

Pa 16 Km from Vitebsk ndi kowonera zakale-chuma cha Ili Repina "Zdravnevo". Mpaka 1892 Manor unkatchedwa Sofievka. Iye anagula wojambula peredvzhnik pa ndalama analandira pambuyo kugulitsa kupenta Mfumu Alexander III yotchuka, amene akunena powonekera buku Zaporozhye Cossacks akulemba poyankha mfumu yakumeneko Turkey. Mu Manor izi Ilya Repin anauziridwa kulenga zoposa 40 katswiri wake, kuphatikizapo "madzulo", "Yophukira maluwa", "Dzuwa" ndi ena.

Ndipo pamodzi munachitapo mitengo laimu, amene anayika wojambula, komabe mwayi kuyenda alendo munda.

Polotsk kunja Castle ndi St. Sophia Cathedral (Sophia kapena Nzeru Woyera), atetezedwe UNESCO. Adzaupereka kwa akachisi oyambirira cha Orthodox, pamene Belarus akuti ndi kachisi anamanga mwala. Pafupifupi mu XI. Vseslav mfiti analangizidwa kuti kumanga kachisi, kusonyeza mphamvu ya Polotsk. The zinachitika anatumikira monga anzathu okalamba likulu la Ufumu wa Byzantium.

City champhamvu ndiponso akachisi mu mzinda wa Lepel

A mzinda wokongola Zakuya (Vitebsk dera) lili 187 Km from Vitebsk. Zokopa za m'dera chidwi aliyense amene amayamikira nyumba zakale:

• Mill (1911);
• Achikamerlo ansembe yotchedwa (XVII-XIX c.);
• Cathedral wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu kwa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa (1639-1654 g);
• St. Utatu Church (1628).

Ngakhale mkati mwa mudzi pali nyanja zisanu. Alendo ayenera kuyendera ndi Gluboksky mbiri ndi ethnographic owonetsera zakale.

Ndipo connoisseurs wa makachisi kuona zokopa Lepel (Vitebsk dera)

• Chapel wa St. George (1900);
• Chapel-nadmogile (XIX mu.);
• Mpingo wa St. Paraskeva (1841-1844 g);
• Mpingo wa St. Casimir (1857-1876 g).

m'tawuni ili pa Vitebsk pa mtunda wa makilomita 110. The mtunda mofulumira osauka - ndi nyumba yonse yatsopano zimamangidwa, masukulu ndi kindergartens.

Zidzasintha zokongola zachilengedwe

Republican malo otetezedwa "Yelnya" ili ndi dera Miory, wotchuka chifukwa nyanja wakale glacial ndi bogs, mu kuganizira zimene alendo mpweya. The wamkulu (iye sanali asanakwanitse zaka 9000) dambo amatchedwa "Yelnya" ndi 20 zikwi. Mahekitala.

M'dzinja nkhosa pano ambiri cranes imvi ndi atsekwe. malo ali wolemera kwambiri cranberries. The Berry kwambiri mwakuti mu ncindi chaka chilichonse ngakhale ndi yapadera chikondwerero zachilengedwe.

Nawu mndandanda wa zokopa kwambiri m'dera Vitebsk, amene ayenera aliyense alendo amene anapita ku Belarus:

1. Woyera Mfundo Cathedral (Vitebsk).
2. Hagia Sophia (Polotsk).
3. Hall (Vitebsk).
4. Chibelarusi Typography (Polotsk) Museum.
5. Chipilala ngwazi za kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812 (Polotsk).
6. Pushkinsky mlatho (Vitebsk).
7. Peter kukhala I (Polack).
8. Cathedral wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu kwa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa (Nato).
9. Traditional Culture Museum (Braslav).
10. Chikumbukiro zovuta "Rylenki".

Uwu ndiwo mndandanda osachepera zimene lotereli uliwonse alendo.