Chothandiziracho chimagwedezeka: zizindikiro, zizindikiro, zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zoyamikira

Njira zachilengedwe zosagwiritsira ntchito njira zothandizira kuchepetsa zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'mlengalenga kuchokera pa chitoliro cha galimoto. Komabe, osagwira ntchito nthawi zonse amatha kugwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati zinthu zowonjezera zili bwino. Patapita nthawi, imasiya kugwira bwino ntchito. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane chomwe chiri chothandizira, mavuto ake, zothetsera mavuto. Komanso kuti mudziwe kuti ndizofunika kudziwa zizindikiro pamene chothandiziracho chitsekedwa, zizindikiro za vutoli.

Wotembenuza chikhalidwe - ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani?

Pa magalimoto amasiku ano, ndi imodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri m'thupi. Chipangizocho chimatsuka mpweya wotopa kuchokera ku zinthu zoipa. Oxyde ya nitrogeni, kaboni, magulu osiyanasiyana a ma hydrocarboni. Mkati mwa chothandizira ndi mafayilo apadera mu mawonekedwe a uchi. Zapangidwa ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Zitha kukhala iridium kapena platinamu. Ndi chifukwa cha zitsulo zachitsulo izi zomwe zowonongeka zimachotsedwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho, zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu ndi zitsulo, zonyamula zitsulo ndi zowonjezera kutsekemera. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho chonyamula katundu. Zojambulazo ndizomwe zimayambira ku ceramic. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi maselo ambiri, ofanana ndi chisa. Zapangidwa kuti ziwonjezere malo oyanjana ndi mpweya. Anji ya platinamu ndi iridium imayikidwa pa zisa. Zomwe zimachitika pakagwirizana kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wozungulira wa platinum-iridium alloy kumapangitsa kutentha kwakukulu kwa chothandizira. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zonse zosavulaza zimatenthedwa mwamsanga pogwira zitsulo pamwamba pa chisa. Mu njira yotentha, mpweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito, umene umakhalabe mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya mutachoka m'chipinda choyaka moto. Kuwonjezera pa dongosolo lakutentha, zinthu zopanda phindu - N ₂ ndi CO ₂ - kusiya chothandizira.

Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chothandizira ndi ntchito zawo

Zosintha zowonjezera zinthu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi ndi rhodium, platinamu, palladium, iridium. Choyamba choyamba ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa. Ntchito yake ndi kubwezeretsa NO ndikusintha kukhala nayitrogeni wamba. Platinum ndi palladium zimakhala ngati zowonjezera. Iwo ayenera kulimbikitsa kuthamanga kwa mavitamini a ma hydrocarboni osatenthedwa, ndiyeno nkuwasandutsa iwo kukhala nthunzi. CO imasandulika ku carbon dioxide.

Zizindikilo za chinthu chojambulidwa

Ngati chothandiziracho chitha, zizindikiro zidzakuthandizani kudziwa izi. Mwachidziwikire, zizindikiro izi zimatha kuyankhulanso za zovuta zina. Koma ndikumvetsetsa bwino, chirichonse chikukamba za chothandizira. Ngati chinthucho chikugwedezeka kwathunthu, injini idzayamba, koma nthawi yomweyo itatha. Galimoto ikufulumira mofulumira. Dalaivala akamangoyendetsa phokoso la accelerator, pangakhale kumverera kuti galimoto ikugwira chinachake kumbuyo kwa bumper behind. Izi zikusonyeza kukhalapo kwa mkati mwa neutralizer. Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati chothandiziracho chimasungidwa? Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Koma izi zingangowonongeka pamene galimoto yataya mphamvu ndi kuyankha kwa accelerator pedal. Ndipotu, galimotoyo inasiya kuyendetsa galimoto, ndipo nthawi zina ankagwiritsa ntchito mowa. Ndiponso, fungo losasangalatsa ndi losasangalatsa likhoza kuwonekera pa kuyambika kwa injini yozizira.

Onani Angin

Ichi ndi chilengedwe chonse, kotero muyenera choyamba kudziwa ndondomeko yolakwika yomwe dongosololi laperekedwa. Kulemba kwa zizindikiro izi ndizomwe zimaperekedwa ku galimoto. Koma ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti nyali yotereyi idzawoneka ngati makina awiri a lambda atayikidwa mu galimoto. Choyamba chimapezeka pamaso pa osalowerera. Zapangidwa kuti zisinthe kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amaperekedwa ku injini. Sewero lachiwiri ndilofunikira poyang'anira ntchito ya neutralizer. Ndiyo kayendedwe ka lambda yomwe imapereka zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali zizindikiro zonse za Ford Focus 2, ndipo ECU imapanga P0420 zolakwika, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa mavuto ndi neutralizer. Cholakwikacho chikusonyeza otsika bwino ntchito ya mpweya kutuluka.

Zida za zinthu zowonongeka pamagalimoto osiyanasiyana

Ganizirani magalimoto osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi othandizira othandizira, kuti azindikire kusweka kwachindunji. Ndi bwino kuyamba ndi AvtoVAZ. VAZ-2110 uyu, -2114, "Kalina." Kuwonjezera pa kuti makinawo adzafulumizitsa pang'onopang'ono, pali zizindikiro zina ndi zovuta zowonjezera. Kotero, pali phokoso limene likuchokera pansi pa galimoto. Pali kumverera komwe kunaphwanya mwala kunatsanulidwira mu thupi la neutralizer. Mkokomo uwu ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimasonyeza kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe a gawo la ceramic. Ngati tilankhula za magalimoto otumizidwa, ndiye kuti Ford Focus pali zizindikiro zofanana ndi zotengera zowonongeka. VAZ-21124 imakhalanso ndi zipangizo zoterezi. Ngati tikamba za "khumi ndi awiri", pamenepo pali kuchepetsa komweko kwa mphamvu ndi phokoso mkati mwa chinthucho. Kawirikawiri, zimakhala zovuta kudziwitsa ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kutsegula. Zizindikiro zonsezi zimasonyezanso mavuto ndi masensa, zopweteka m'magetsi, kutayirira kwa kutentha. Tawonani kuti zolephereka mu machitidwe awiri omaliza ndi chifukwa chomwe chothandiziracho chatsekedwa. Zizindikiro zimatsimikiziridwa. Ngati galimotoyo ikuperekedwa ndi mafuta ovuta, mafuta osakanizidwa sali bwino. Ngati pali zolakwika, chisakanizocho sichimawotchera muzipinda zoyaka. Chifukwa chaichi, mpweya wa zinyalala uli ndi sosi wambiri. Ndi chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri mumasintha mfundozi. Maselo omwe amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa asamangidwe amatha kusungunuka mofulumira.

Zifukwa za kupweteka

Mfundo imeneyi imaphatikizapo makilomita oposa 200,000. Koma pansi pa nyengo ya Chirasha nthawi iyi ikucheperachepera. Ziphuphu zimatha chifukwa chosowa mafuta, mafuta osokoneza bongo, kusokoneza kayendedwe kowonongeka, kuwonongeka kwa makina.

Kodi mungapeze bwanji?

Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingazindikire ngati chothandizira chiri chotsekedwa. Njirazi zimapezeka kwa aliyense ndipo sizikufuna luso lapadera ndi chidziwitso. Ndikofunika kuyamba galimoto ndikupeza injini mofulumira mpaka pamtunda wake wonse. Komanso injini imapotozedwa pamtunda wotsika, wamkati komanso wapamwamba. Mu njira iliyonse, pedal imangowonjezera pansi. Chombocho sichiyenera kulephera, koma, mosiyana, chitani mofulumira. Ngati pali yankho lofooka kapena injini sakufuna kutsegula maulendo oposa 5000, ndibwino kuganiza za kuchotsa osalowerera. Nayi njira yina yowunika chothandizira.

Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zinatsimikiziridwa, ndipo ndi nthawi yotsimikizira kuti chinthucho chimathyoka. Kuti mupeze matenda, yanikani dzanja lanu pa chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya. Mpweya wotulutsa mpweya umayendetsedwa ndi zikhumbo. Mungathe kumvetsa molondola ndi dzanja lanu, monga momwe zimakhalira kuchokera ku silinda iliyonse. Ngati pazomwe kulibe kosavuta ndi kosalekeza, imayankhula mwachindunji za neutralizer yotchinga. Ngati mutayima pamtunduwu, kenako muyambe kuyendetsa galimotoyo, idzapita pang'onopang'ono. Izi ndi mpweya umene wasonkhanitsa chifukwa chothandizira.

Kutsiliza

Kotero, ife tapeza zomwe zizindikiro zimatha kupezeka chifukwa cholephera kugwira ntchito. Kuti chothandizira chigwire ntchito bwino, akatswiri akulangiza kuti mudzaze galimoto ndi mafuta apamwamba kwambiri komanso panthawi yake yodziwitsani machitidwe onse m'galimoto.