Chule - nyama kapena tizilombo? Detachment wa achule tailless

Kodi munthu adziwa za chule ndi njira yake ya moyo? Wonyong'onya croaking chilimwe madzulo, zooneka maonekedwe (zosasangalatsa kutenga ulamuliro), yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda maso ndi udzudzu monga chakudya awo ankakonda (osachepera, monga taonera zojambula) - izi ndi kuyanjana yaikulu ya mawu akuti "chule". Koma ine ndikudabwa: Chule - nyama kapena tizilombo?

Chule: ndi maonekedwe

achule Awa oimira ochuluka kuposa kalasi amphibian. Osiyana mu (kutalika thupi la 30 mpaka 250 mm) kukula, iwo amafalitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kupatulapo zotheka a Antarctica ndi Australia. A m'banja la achule tailless, achule, pali zoposa 3,500 mitunduyi ndi makhalidwe ofanana kunja. mano ichi pa nsagwada chapamwamba, ofooka anasonyeza khungu chimauma kusambira Ngati a Bakha miyendo yakumbuyo. mutu chule ndi - ndi awiri maso yaikulu oumbidwa, amene ndiotetezedwa mazana atatu (m'munsi, kumtunda ndi mandala nictitating Kakhungu) ndi dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa mafoni kuposa nsomba. Pamaso pa pabwino kudzera m'mphuno, ndi okonzeka ndi mavavu kuti mutsegule ku M'mimbamo m'kamwa.

Chule - nyama kapena tizilombo?

Mlatho achilendo mutu amathandiza chule mwakachetechete phesi nyama: zimalowera m'madzi, nyama ayika maso ndi mphuno, kupuma njira iyi ndi poganiza zonse, Amayembekezera chakudya kuthekera kwanu. Kumva Wah ili kuseri kwa maso likalowa m'makutu. Galasi chule ndi chikopa chake chimaonekera kwathunthu ndi chitsanzo wotchuka kwambiri zomwe n'zotheka kuphunzira dongosolo mkati ziwalo achule. Kudzera khungu mandala kwathunthu akhoza bwino kusunga zamkati. Kungoona kufotokoza pamwamba, funso "chule - nyama kapena tizilombo," mungathe kupereka yankho lomveka bwino ndi chikhulupiriro: kumene, nyama! Makulidwe achule ndi osiyanasiyana. Zing'onozing'ono ndi woimira Cuba: m'litali ndi 8,5-12 mm. Yaikulu ya munthu achule kumaliseche - chule Goliyati, wokhala Cameroon. Kunenepa kwambiri anagwira nthumwi mitundu anali 3 kg magalamu 660 okwana kutalika (ndi miyendo wotambasuka) 87 cm. Chotero chitsanzo chachikulu komanso amakonda moyo "pa lalikulu" ankaona loonekeratu madzi ndi mfumu monga pa pedestal ndi pansi pa ledges miyala.

Kodi wadya chule

Tucked chule - mlenje kuchenjerera Wovutitsidwa amene akuyendetsa galimoto anthu: akangaude, tizilombo mphutsi, slugs ndi mwachangu nsomba. Popeza tafotokozera tsogolo la chakudya, kusamukira ku view, chule mu madzi lilili kuti tidze chifupi otsiriza ndi chitaya kunja yomata lilime lomwe ndi ndodo tizilombo. Chule amatha kumeza nyama zazikulu, ndikuika mkamwa mwake mothandizidwa ndi forelimbs lapansi. Pali milandu pamene akuvutika awo kumeza kumwa madzi pa ntchentche. Kodi wadya chule? chakuti akuthamanga, zouluka, kukwawa m'mbuyomu, wotero; n'kupuma chinthu anurans chabe sadzachititsa chidwi.

Banja la achule tailless ndi ambiri pa padoko ndi miyezi yotentha. Animal kayendedwe limaonetseratu ndi kudula, kuti yomweyo zimaonekeratu, pamene pakhala umboni wa "zoyandama pa chule" kapena "kulumpha ngati chule." Kupanga adzatumpha chule zikuchepa limakuwongola miyendo; Izi zimachitika pamene Kankhani mphamvu chitaya amphibian kutsogolo kupita m'tsogolo. Tikufika zikuchitika pa yochepa miyendo kutsogolo. Chule amayandama monga zikuchepa, kuyambira miyendo yakumbuyo madzi, zomwe zili pakati pa zala Kakhungu. Mukabwerera kamodzinso kulongosolerana funso "? Chule - nyama kapena tizilombo," Yankho ndi lomveka: nyama!

Achule: Kodi kubereka

Kubalana wa achule akupezeka masika, pambuyo kudzuka ku hibernation. Kuchuluka okwana mazira-anachedwa mosiyana mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira 600 mazira 20 chikwi. Chakudya tadpoles ndi unicellular algae mogwirizana kuvunda zatsalira nyama ndi masamba. Unamwali achule kufika zaka 2-4 zakubadwa ndi akukhudzidwira moyo amayembekezeka zaka 5-6. Pali nthawi zina pamene mu ukapolo achule tailless wakhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 10.

Achule moyo mu chikhalidwe ndi chidwi chenicheni chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake. Choncho, ambiri a iwo sizikugwiridwa mtsogolo mu madzi kapena pafupi mazira mosungiramo; kuleledwa mubanja anazunguzika gawo ang'onoang'ono a achule. Mwachitsanzo, mwamuna Surinamese pipa niikira kumbuyo kwa amuna ndi akazi rhinodermatidae Darwin amapulumutsa iwo mu wapadera thumba pakhosi limene aswa ndipo achule wamkulu kenako paokha anasankha kunja.

Makamaka khungu la achule

achule tambirimbiri anabala khungu ali ndi ntchofu, zomwe ndondomeko kupuma ndiponso kupewa kuumitsa kunja kwa khungu. Amatope achule khungu lili zinthu kuwateteza ku tizilombo zoipa. Mu mitundu ina, mankhwala ndi oopsa, ndipo ngakhale mtundu wa achule chithumwa kuti kudyedwa ndi nyama zina. Choncho, amathamangira achule ndi phyllobates kuti moyo ku Central ndi South America, kuonetsetsa ndi poizoni kwambiri wakupha pa dziko. Ngakhale pa dziko chinyezi ali ukuphwera ntchofu, umene amphibian kutaya ndalama zake zazikulu. Ndi chifukwa chake malo a achule ndi mwawofuwofu monga zotheka kwa iwo m'dera lonyowa. Moyo wa chule mu chikhalidwe mwawo; Choona chidwi ndi zokwawa osamwa madzi, nadzaza kupanda kuchuluka kwake kudzera pakhungu. Pakati pa abale izi osalala, anthu oopedwa chionekera acheya chule; Amuna a mitundu pa kuswana nyengo yokutidwa shreds khungu chokhala tsitsi. Mbali khalidwe la acheya chule ndi kubereka mu nthawi ya chiombankhanga ngozi, amene kuboola khungu, kupanga maenje zala.

Khungu chakupha achule?

Mwa njira, khungu la achule chakupha kalelo anali ngati chigawo chachikulu kupanga zimawononga mivi; munthu mmodzi zinali zokwanira mafuta mayunitsi 500. About achule chakupha Tingaone mu kuwala, mtundu zochititsa garish. Choncho, ululu-amathamangira achule chule - wokhala America South - ngakhale mu kuchuluka kwa 2 mamiligalamu akhoza kupha munthu.

❖ kuyanika zimathandizanso kuti chinthu nyama; mtsogoleri mderali imatengedwa mossy chule, umene pafupifupi mwathunthu ophatikizidwa chilengedwe, ngakhale maso ake ndi maziko a Moss sadzachitanso distinguishable. Ndi mtundu uwu chule chotchuka kwambiri pakati mafani zosowa pofuna kulisunga kuweta. Wokongola kupenta wa oimira kotentha ndi ofunika mogwirizana: mtengo limodzi la munthu, amene amadziwa kukwera momwe kwambiri pa miyala ndi mitengo yayitali, mpaka madola 75.

Amazing mfundo za achule moyo

Thupi kutentha achule ofanana yozungulira kutentha. Umboni zotsatirazi mfundo: okhala Alaska mtengo chule mu yozizira amaundana kumlingo kuti amakhala chidutswa cha madzi oundana. Mu ichi mazira boma amphibian si kupuma, magazi ndi ntchito mtima akuwerengabe. Ndi isanayambike masika thaws nyama mwachibadwa, pang'onopang'ono ndi moyo wabwinobwino. Izi amphibious wapadera, amatha kunyamula kutentha otsika pa dziko, pali mitundu yochepa chabe, anthu ambiri kalasi sangathe kupulumuka wotere.

Achule ndi luso kuchuluka kupulumuka; Zitsanzo za izi analemba kangapo. Mu 1835, munthu wa ku England anaona kuti nthaka ndi nsanja anakomoka ndi wosweka pakati pa nyumba ya sandstone, ndi ku M'mimbamo chule ake analumphira kunja. Ndipo pali malipoti wodalirika kwambiri immured mkati midadada dzenje la achule pali zambiri; Ichi chokha chinatsimikizira luso lapadera la achule kupulumuka mu kwambiri zinthu.

Ngati iye akanakhoza kuwuluka chule?

amphibian ili m'kati kusanduka waphunzira kuuluka kuthawa motere kwa adani. Yodziwika ukuuluka Mwachitsanzo, akhoza ngakhale kusintha njira yodutsamo a (nthawizina kufika mamita 12) zala yaitali splayed Ngati a Bakha. Achule opanda thandizo anthu, angathe kukhazikitsa timva dziko. Motero, anakonza makamaka iwo mpikisano mu ndi kulumpha yaitali, unachitikira mu 1977 ku South Africa, chule dzina Sandtzhi analumpha pa mamita 10,3!

Ngati achule tilankhule wina ndi mnzake?

Communication pakati achule ndi amapezeka kuchitiridwa osiyanasiyana khutu anthu pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasounds kunja kumva anthu. Izi zingathe kufotokozedwa phokoso malo kwa achule, imene mwachizolowezi kwa mafurikwense munthu otsika zosiyanasiyana movutikira. ziwalo zimalimbikitsanso achule malo osaka limba Makutu; m'makutu zili kuseri maso, mwa M'mimbamo wapadera. Ndi kopanda, masikolala, zimenezi zimathandiza khutu kugonjetsa achule madzi phokoso chibadidwe malo awo. Achule ambiri vociferous pansi mphamvu kuphimba utali wozungulira wa makilomita angapo. Kufuula bullfrog, anamva kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo amagwirizana ndi mkokomo wa chachikulu chilombo choopsa, mukhoza kumachita kuti zidendene zawo popanda kuyang'ana mmbuyo.