Cisco routers: kolowera chitsanzo. zida Network

Cisco routers kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo mpake anapambana kum'khulupirira owerenga ambiri. Mokhulupirika kwa zaka zambiri, Amadutsa magalimoto, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Intaneti. Mawu "Cisco" tsopano n'chimodzimodzi ndi mawu monga khalidwe ndiponso kudalirika. Makamaka pa za Cisco mtengo nthawi zonse anali mkati zovomerezeka.

Kaperekedwe Cisco routers ndi masiwichi

Pakali pano, ankagwiritsa ntchito masiwichi osiyanasiyana mndandanda ndipo Cisco routers. Mndandanda zikuphatikizapo zitsanzo zingapo kuti amasiyana chiwerengero cha makhalidwe. Komabe, onse a iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awa:

• Zam'manja routers. Iwo anafuna kuti gulu Intaneti ang'ono ndi sing'anga-ang'ono.

• Zipangizo ndi manambala oyambirira ISR - masiwichi Efaneti yodziwika ndi zomangamanga kusintha kwambiri. Mwa khazikitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ofunsira kuti kungakhale pafupifupi wamphamvu kukuza maluso awo.

• Yodziyimira payokha chipangizo. Kutheka kwa zipangizo akhoza kukodzedwa polumikiza mitundu yonse ya zigawo, kotero inu mukhoza flexibly kusamalira Nyumba hardware. Ndi bwino kupeza pokha ndi sing'anga.

zipangizo zonse ntchito pa kufala ndi phwando phukusi mudziwe mlingo lachitatu la OSI. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kumanga Intaneti zamitundu yonse ndi zolinga zake. Cisco VPN-una wa zipangizo kuthandiza zotsatirazi: L2TP, DMVPN, IPsec, GRE ndi PPTP. Kukhazikitsa VPN pa Cisco rauta adzalola popereka deta pa ndi encrypted njira payekha.

Cisco 2960 masiwichi mndandanda komanso zinthu zingapo zitsanzo, koma makhalidwe wamba ndi awa:

• mlingo L2;
• chiwerengero cha madoko amapereka - 8, 24 kapena 48;
• PoE mphamvu okwanira, PoE +;
• kuthandiza kugwirizana otetezeka;
• madoko mlingo angakhale osiyana, malinga ndi chitsanzo rauta - 100 megabit, 1 gigabit;
• kuthekera kupanga stacks bwino ena zitsanzo zilipo, pamene ena - ayi.

Nkhani ina routers ku Cisco tinganene kuti zimene amachita kwambiri apadera. Osati mu mzere awo ena zitsanzo chilengedwe chimene chingalowe mofanana kutumikira monga nyumba mapangidwe Intaneti kunyumba, ndi kampani kapena ofesi. Aliyense mzere ndi udindo chinachake chosiyana, ndipo nthawizina ali specialization yopapatiza. Kotero nthawi imeneyi muyenera kuganizira posankha Cisco ndi maukonde zipangizo, ngakhale mtengo kwambiri ndi zapamwamba rauta kapena rauta akhale opanda ntchito ya matabwa ndi zingwe pamalo amodzi ndi chipangizo singasiyanitsidwe mwamtheradi - mu ena.

Directions zoikamo Cisco hardware

Kukhazikitsa zida zambiri amayendetsa pamodzi mizere zotsatirazi:

1. Kukhazikitsa Intaneti Wi-Fi scalable. Iwo kenako Intaneti scaled kulola kusinthasintha kuwathandiza zofunika ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wotsika ndi ziŵalo maukonde.
2. Ntchito atakhala ndi telephony Internet zochokera Cisco. Ndi makonzedwe amenewa akhoza kuwamva monga zopezera m'dera m'dera mu ofesi imodzi kapena ogwira ntchito, ndipo dziko lonse lapansi - kaphatikizidwe Intaneti angapo m'dera mu chimodzi. Pali mitundu ndi gulu la anthu 350 ndi 30 000 ndi migwirizano yamasukulu lapansi.
3. Cisco-atakhala makhoma oteteza ndi IPS. Izi khwekhwe maukonde chitetezo - katunduyo ofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yesa, amene sakhoza kunyalanyaza Mulimonsemo.
4. Configuring maukonde polojekiti zipangizo. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu apadera kwa Cisco. Chifukwa ichi sipadzakhala mavuto ndi ngakhale wa hardware ndi mapulogalamu zigawo, ndipo woyang'anira adzatha nthawi iliyonse kuti mudziwe cholinga za ntchito ya maukonde ndi nthawi kuchita mavuto ambiri.
5. Configuring Cisco VPN. Mwa ichi amatanthauza mgwirizano Intaneti angapo m'dera malo mu umodzi, kuphatikizapo mwachirengedwe ankasiyana mtunda mokwanira lalikulu. Komanso, muyenera kugwirizanitsa workstations antchito munthuyo chuma ambiri a kumalo a ntchito.

Kodi kulumikiza rauta kuti kompyuta

Kumene, zipangizo zopezera wayamba kugwirizana kuti kompyuta. rauta The zikugwirizana ndi PC ntchito yapadera kutonthoza chingwe. Kenako pothawa osachiritsika emulator. Naye ndi kufunika kulowa magulu onse m'tsogolo.

routers ambiri ndi routers kugwiritsira ntchito Com-doko kugwirizana kwa kompyuta. Komabe, si onse magalimoto amakono doko otere. Pankhaniyi, kuthandiza adaputala azamagetsi wapadera USB-Com. Malinga kasinthidwe, iwo akhoza mwina kumumanga m'mitolo ndi zida network ndi samaperekedwa. Koma ndi bwino kusankha chitsanzo kuti kale natively amathandiza njira kulumikiza kudzera USB.

Doko ndi chinaneneratu: 9600/8-N-1. Ngati mukufuna kutsegulaso kasinthidwe rauta kuti banja kanthu, muyenera kupereka lamulo: athe. Potero yodzaza mode EXEC. Kuyamba ndi chinsalu woyera, lembani lamulo lotsatirali: kufufuta oyambitsa-yosinthira. Ndipo Chisudzulo Chikuwononga zida lamulo: kutsegulaso. Pa opaleshoni dongosolo funso ngati kulowa zoikamo zenera ayenera lidzayankhidwa negative.

Komabe, onse a pamwamba, inu simungakhoze kuchita ngati palibe kufunika wodziwitsidwa yosinthira kanthu.

General zokhudza malembedwe a kutonthoza amalamula mu routers ndi Cisco routers

Koma zida Cisco, Windows sakupereka bwino kuti owerenga ambiri a windowing lapansi. malamulo onse analowa kudzera kutonthoza osachiritsika. Ndipo motero m'pofunika kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

• ngati inu kulowa chizindikiro cha funso, ndiye Cisco adzasonyeza mndandanda wa malamulo alipo ndipo operands;
• dzina kapena nfundo yaikhulu inu analimbikitsa kuchepetsa kwa malire osachepera;
• lamulo mzere kusintha amaloledwa mu kutonthoza osatha, monga zichitike Linux kapena Unix kachitidwe;
• ngati woyendetsa anasintha maganizo ake kuchita lamulo, zikhoza usokoneze kuphedwa kwake ndi kulemba mawu NO;
• kupita kupeza mlingo 0 (woyambitsa) 15 (woyang'anira), muyenera kulowa lamulo: athe Nomer_urovnya_dostupa.

Tikuyambitsa SSH

Khazikitsa rauta akhoza kuyamba ndi chakuti SSH nkhani ndi kusakhulupirika kwa kugwirizana. Pamene ntchito SSH mungasinthe deta aliyense kuchokera kompyuta kutali kupyolera mu njira encrypted. Kuti athe SSH mu Cisco, muyenera:

• Yambitsani mode patsogolo athe lamulo ndi maudindo.
• Lembani yeniyeni nthawi yapano.
• Kuyamba mwachindunji sintha dongosolo, m'pofunika kupereka lamulo: rauta # sintha osachiritsika.
• Komanso, ayenera kusonyeza dzina ankalamulira, ndipo zimenezi ndi lamulo: rauta (yosinthira) # ip ankalamulira dzina mydomain.ru.
• Kubisa yaikulu kwaiye lamulo: rauta (yosinthira) # crypto ofunika kupanga rsa.
• Kuyamba wosuta latsopano, lamulo mu kutonthoza kuti: rauta (yosinthira) # lolowera lolowera mwayi 11 achinsinsi 7 my_passwd. Apa, amaganiza kuti Cisco chipangizo kasinthidwe ndi mlingo wosuta 11, limene palibe kwa mwamtheradi magulu onse. Koma inu mukhoza kulenga kwathunthu mwayi wosuta, amafunika mwachindunji mlingo mwayi si 11, ndi pazipita - 15.
• Ntchito malamulo: rauta (yosinthira) # AAA latsopano-chitsanzo njira (yosinthira) # mzere vty 0 4 amathamanga AAA protocol ndi kasinthidwe ali nawo pa mizere ya osachiritsika. Ngati pano - kuchokera 0 kuti 4.
• Ntchito malamulo: rauta (yosinthira-mzere) # zoyendera athandizira ssh rauta (yosinthira-mzere) # kudula mitengo synchronous akapatsidwa ngati kusakhulupirika SSH mu.
• Imangokhala yokha kubwera kuchokera modes yonse, kenako kupulumutsa kusintha. Izi kale ntchito malamulo awa: rauta (yosinthira-mzere) #exit rauta (yosinthira) # kuchoka rauta # lemba.

Kodi sintha Cisco madoko

Kulowa zoikamo lonse mode kasinthidwe kwa madoko mu Cisco, muyenera lembani lamulo ngati ili:

CONF T

mawonekedwe fa0 / 2.

Mukhoza sintha zotsatirazi Cisco madoko:

• Access Port. doko osachiritsika chimaonetsedwa mwachindunji pa chipangizo makasitomala - pamenepa modemu, ndi rauta kapena mwachindunji PC, amene adzakhala atapereka magalimoto untagged. Ngati inu lembani mu kutonthoza switchport mode mwayi, doko anasankha ikumasuliridwa mwayi mode, ndi onse magalimoto idzayenda pa vlan 1. Koma ngati inu alangize switchport mwayi vlan 310, deta adzakhala kunditumiza ku vlan 310.
• Njovu doko. doko ayenera ntchito, ngati kumbali ina waima maukonde chipangizo - masiwichi Efaneti, routers, etc. Kuti ntchito doko ichi, muyenera kulembetsa mu kutonthoza: .. Switchport mode thunthu - ntchito pa chitsanzo cha 2950. Koma mu 2960, lamulo limeneli ndi pang'ono osiyana:

switchport mode thunthu

switchport thunthu encapsulation dot1q.

Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kokha ena vlan, kutonthoza ayenera analowa: switchport thunthu alloved vlan 310, 555 - kuti ndi manambala vlan ankasiyana mipatuliro;

• Zophatikiza ku doko. Madoko Cisco kasinthidwe sakhala ndi ntchito ya doko hybrid Komabe, tisonyezeni doko iliyonse monga wosakanizidwa akhoza kukhala, ngati inu kusankha thunthu doko nativ mwini vlan. Mukhoza kuwona izi chitsanzo malembedwe ya malamulo potsatira kutonthoza ndi:

switchport mode thunthu (doko thunthu analenga)

switchport thunthu alloved vlan 310,555 (madoko amenewa zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga vlan 310 ndi 555)

switchport thunthu mbadwa vlan 310 (onse untagged vlan magalimoto kufalikira kwa 310, ndipo ena - 555).

Port ndondomeko kasinthidwe wakhala kuonedwa ndi chitsanzo cha Cisco 2960 - mmodzi wa lero ambiri. Komabe, kwa mndandanda ena mayunitsi a kanthu ofanana.

Kodi Ine bwererani

Kamodzi zoikamo ali bwererani, wapamwamba kasinthidwe imayeretsedwa, kusintha kwa onse abwino ayenera kubwereza, choncho Kutaya zimachitika monga yomalizira.

N'zosavuta kuchita. Kuchita izi, inu angofunika kugwirizana chingwe ku rauta kutonthoza ndi kulowa lamulo pa kayendetsedwe kutonthoza: rauta # kufufuta oyambitsa-yosinthira. Ndiyeno: Atsitsimukanso. rauta ndi bwererani pambuyo inu Chisudzulo Chikuwononga ndi yosinthira adzakhala oyera mwamtheradi.

Dziwani kuti Cisco Yambitsaninso chofunika kawirikawiri. Komabe, pazifukwa wina akadali zofunika kuchita. Ifenso Musaiwale pambuyo zoikamo kuchira kubwerera mtengo m'kaundula lamulo: yosinthira-m'kaundula 0x2102.

Monga kupulumutsa kasinthidwe

Pakuti zida zilizonse zopezera, kuphatikizapo Cisco, kufikira kulowa kwa - izi si zokhazo. Tiyeneranso kukhala okhoza kupulumutsa chimene chakonzedwa, ndiko kuti, kupulumutsa kusintha.

The routers ku Cisco, pali mitundu iwiri ya zachilengedwe:

• chipangizo chikumbukiro;
• omwe sanali oyaka kukumbukira Tsamba lofikira.

Yoyamba kwalembedwa zonse zinabala mu njira ya kusintha, koma pamene inu Chisudzulo Chikuwononga zida kutaika, ndipo adzakhala booted ndi zoikamo ku kukumbukira kuyambira. Komabe, zida Cisco lakonzedwa mu njira yakuti mwachindunji kusintha kasinthidwe oyambitsa sizingatheke. Kupulumutsa kusintha onse kukumbukira sanali oyaka, m'pofunika kuchita zotsatirazi:

1. Potengera zoikamo ziliri pa gulu poyambira: #copy kuthamanga-yosinthira oyambitsa-yosinthira.
2. Potengera zoikamo panopa lamulo FTP-Seva: #copy akuthamanga-yosinthira tftp: // Seva dzina.

Lachitatu chipani maphunziro sintha Cisco

Pakuti Cisco zida kusintha zichitike mosavuta kwambiri komanso waliwiro ngati inu ntchito Mwaichi zochitika zapadera. Komabe, m'malo nkhani kukoma: mwawathila sysadmins chosasunthika ndi mawonekedwe ake kutonthoza, ndipo palibe mphamvu mu chikhalidwe kugwetsera iwo kutali kwa izo.

Otsala a yemweyo, makamaka oyamba kumene, akhoza wodwala download ena ntchito kuti akhoza tisaletse ntchito kuika zipangizo Cisco:

1. Choyamba ndi zonse zida Windows - Hyper Pokwelera pulogalamu. Komabe, mu Mabaibulo aposachedwapa a Windows, si aziwapatsa monga muyezo. Kukhazikitsa kwa Hyper Pokwelera, kusankha "Windows Zigawo" ndipo kenako kupeza katunduyo "Chalk ndi Zothandiza ntchito" ndipo alemba pa nsalu yotchinga batani "Mmene". Kenako, muyenera kupeza chinthu "Kulankhulana" ndiyeno dinani pa "Mmene" ndi chikhomo checkbox Hyper Pokwelera pulogalamu.
2. Putty - ndi ntchito Freeware kwa Mawindo ndi Linux, ndi wabwino osachiritsika emulator. Iye woyanjidwa ndi olamulira ambiri dongosolo.
3. Cisco Chipangizo kugwirizana Program - pulogalamu apadera atakhala ndi mapangidwe Intaneti Cisco, makhalidwe ake ndi chidwi. Choncho, ali wodzaza kwathunthu ngakhale ndi zipangizo zonse Cisco. Woyamba Cisco Chipangizo kugwirizana Program ali pabwino monga yofunsira kusinthidwa kwa wosuta novice amene ayenera kumanga zopezera zamitundu kochepa yaing'ono ntchito kapena kunyumba lonse.
4. A dongosolo labwino - analogue Putty - pa Linux Minicom mukhoza kutengedwa ngati phukusi.

mawonekedwe Graphic kasinthidwe

Kumene, ntchitoyo akulamula ku osachiritsika - ndi ntchito imene chidwi aliyense wosuta. A mapulogalamu lachitatu chipani ayenera adatsitsa, nthawi zina kwaulere. Komabe, pali mpata monga mawonekedwe mawonekedwe mwachindunji osatsegula intaneti. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kuyamba kukhazikitsa wapadera Java gawo, sipangakhalenso dawunilodi ku boma Java webusaiti. gawo imatchedwa Jre. Komanso, chofunika SDM ntchito - zikhoza kuikidwa onse pa rauta palokha, ndipo pa opaleshoni dongosolo.

Kenako, muyenera kudziikira zilolezo osatsegula kusonyeza Pop akuluakulu ndi kuthamanga zili yogwira.

Atangomva chiyambi SDM, muyenera kuyendetsa chisanadze anasankha IP-adiresi vlan1 doko. Izo analimbikitsanso kuchotsa cheke bokosi pafupi njira HTTPS.

Pambuyo kukanikiza chiyambi batani kukambirana bokosi adzaoneka, amene ayenera kulowa gulu la achinsinsi-malowedwe. Ngati zonse analowa molondola - azidzagwira ntchito zenera SDM pulogalamu akuthamanga molunjika mu osatsegula.

Kukhazikitsa chitsanzo mzere Linksys

Ngati wosuta ali nawo rauta ku Linksys chitsanzo mzere, ntchito kuika mu chilengedwe mawonekedwe ndi wosalira kwambiri. Pambuyo kugwirizana zokwanira lembani adiresi bala la osatsegula: 192.168.1.1. Ndiyeno yodzaza ndi zoikamo zenera mu mode mawonekedwe.

Choyamba muyenera kusintha yomweyo achinsinsi ndi kulowa kwa linanena bungwe kusakhulupirika monga: boma - boma. Izi zachitika pambuyo kusintha mu tsamba Administration. Mu tsamba ili, mutha kupanga zoikamo malo kubwerera.

Kenako muyenera kupita Opanda zingwe - Kuweta Opanda zingwe dongosolo, mu tsamba ili kuti apereke malo kwa bukhuli (Manual). N'kothandiza kwambiri chinsinsi ambiri ntchito siriyo chiwerengero chipangizo.

Patsalanso kokha kusankha mtundu wa intaneti mu mizati chogwirizana kuyendetsa malo amene amapereka athandizi a.

Zokonda achinsinsi suoneka

Pomaliza, ndi Dziwani kuti ambiri dongosolo olamulira sizikhudza kwa mobisa wa mapasiwedi wanu ndi ulemu. Ndipo pachabe, chifukwa ngati okha chimodzi chokha chizindikiro "achinsinsi" pamene kupanga achinsinsi, ndiye zingakhale bwino "kuphatikiza" wa snmp ndi kusokoneza chitetezo cha dongosolo lonse. N'chifukwa chake akulimbikitsidwa ntchito ndi mwayi ntchito chizindikiro «chinsinsi». Mfundo ndi yakuti ngati ife ntchito chizindikiro «achinsinsi», achinsinsi udzasugidwa mu momveka bwino wapamwamba yosinthira, ndipo ngati phindu chizindikiro «chinsinsi», achinsinsi adzakhala encrypted.

Zikatero, lamulo kukhazikitsa kubisa achinsinsi ayenera kuyang'ana chinachake monga izi: rauta (yosinthira) #enable chinsinsi pochitika , kumene kudali ndi chinaneneratu achinsinsi. Limakhazikitsa achinsinsi chifukwa cha mwayi yaitali mode.

Malinga lachitsanzo makamaka zipangizo Cisco, ikukonzekera hardware ndi pulogalamu zosiyanasiyana, koma ambiri, chithunzicho chikuwoneka chimodzimodzi monga tafotokozazi.