Cloisonne: mbuye kalasi. njira cloisonne

Wotchuka Hypation Chronicle zimatipatsa nkhani ya ntchito zodabwitsa za jewelers Russian, zokongoletsa malonda awo enamel - zikuchokera kwa Unalimbitsa pambuyo kuwombera wachikuda vitreous ufa ndi amakwaniritsa zochuluka zithunzi zotsatira. Njira imeneyi anabwera Russia ku Byzantium, amene anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma VI. Masiku ano mawu wakale enamel chatuluka mwa kufalitsidwa, m'malo akuti ntchito lero - luso enamel.

Kodi kukongoletsa enamel?

Tisanayambe kulankhula za zimene ndi njira luso akuti "cloisonne" akhale pa za zikuchokera izi, ntchito ndi jewelers ndi ambuye a zaluso ndi zamanja. Monga tanena enamel - ufa akamagwira akupera akuda mbale vitreous.

Wasambitsa ndi madzi ndipo inasanduka thanthwe malleable, zikuchokera umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khungu pa pamwamba pa nkhaniyi. Chotsatira ndi Kukuwotcha. Iwo ikuchitika kapena mu ng'anjo kapena mafuta apadera kapena mafuta burner. Mu zochita za kutentha (kuchokera 700 mpaka 900 ° C) misa vitreous ikamauma natenga maonekedwe wapadera.

Kugwira ntchito ndi enamel

Malinga zikuchokera wosweka vitreous misa, kutentha ndi nthawi ya mfuti, chifukwa mu enamel mwina amakhala osiyana a chilungamo, kapena kukhala opaque kwathunthu - ogontha. Chachikulu mbuye kulenga maluso monga timatha inu kukwaniritsa zosiyanasiyana zotsatira.

njira sipekitiramu ntchito mu ntchito ya mtundu umenewu, olemera kwambiri, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo ndi cloisonne. Miyala yamtengo wapatali anapanga ndi ntchito yake, si m'zinenero ndi amaonedwa osankhika. chifukwa lagona pa zovuta kupanga awo ndi chosatheka mechanization za ndondomeko kupanga. Wachina chilichonse ndi ntchito yapadera analembadi. Ngati ife kuganizira kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zimaonekeratu mtengo awo okwezeka ndiponso kupezeka otsika.

Monga analenga cloisonne

Mu Poyamba ndi golide, siliva kapena faifi tambala siliva (zochepa mkuwa kapena chitsulo) padziko, ndilo maziko a zikuchokera pa, kusindikiza, ndipo nthawizina Kadulidwa kudzera kuzungulira tsogolo chithunzi. Ndiye m'mbali ali soldered partitions zitsulo amene makulidwe kawirikawiri kuposa millimeter wina. makoma awa, amene anapereka dzina la mtundu anafotokoza za enamel luso onse maselo chatsekedwa poyera, amene ali odzazidwa ndi madzi ndi viscous wachikuda misa.

Kamodzi mu ntchito yowotcha, enamel solidifies, opangidwa akupera ndi kupukuta mankhwala. Izi zachitika kuti pamwamba pa mpanda enamel ndipo analenga ndege umodzi. Njira cloisonne kwambiri zovuta chifukwa chakuti wosanjikiza yowotcha zinthu wabwerera ndipo partitions m'munsi. Chifukwa, maselo ndi kudzutsa mphamvu ndi kukonzanso kuphika mankhwala. Malinga zifukwa luso ndi mamangidwe luso la wolemba, kuwomberako uyenera kubwerezedwa ku kasanu ndi zana.

Wapadera mankhwala ndi katundu ogula

Tikumbukenso kuti kulephera kulimbikitsa njira kunachitika mu enamel pa kutentha, amachititsa m'maganizo ndi wapadera aliyense mankhwala. Kawiri kukwaniritsa cholinga chofanana ndi kovuta, kotero aliyense mankhwala anapanga njira imeneyi ndi wapadera.

Cloisonne enamel si luso chabe mu zaluso ndi zamanja. Limodzi ndi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito otchedwa otsetsereka mbali. Ndi kugawa, ndi losiyana mu zikuchokera vitreous ali odzazidwa maselo anapanga partitions soldered ndi zamkati mwapadera, mawonekedwe amene likufanana mizere ya chithunzicho. Opangira miyala yamtengo wapatali ano Mwaichi zambiri ntchito kapena stamped akusowekapo anapanga mwa kuchita. Makampani chomwecho mu kupanga katundu ogula ntchito komanso kuzitsanzira cloisonne.

Zotsatira za galasi mazenera papezeka

Cloisonne ali mtundu wina. Njirayi imatchedwa othimbirira galasi zenera kapena enamel. Njira imeneyi amakhala ndi chakuti zilibe ntchito zitsulo m'munsi. dzina analandira chifukwa chakuti mankhwala anapangidwa ofotokoza amafanana othimbirira galasi mazenera ndikutanthauza. Iwo mandala kwathunthu, ndi kuwala ozama mwa unyinji vitreous, amalenga nkhambakamwa za mtundu papezeka galasi, unazunguliridwa mu zitsulo.

Zamgululi zopangidwa ndi njira imeneyi, wokongola kwambiri. The enamel chitsulo wodzazidwa amaoneka ngati zingwe chabwino chopangidwa ndi golide, siliva kapena mkuwa. Linapangidwa ndi kudula kapena phiri ndipo wotsatira soldering mbali zopangidwa zopotoka wapadera ndi waya. Wachikuda enamel Anadzaza mipata pakati partitions, ndipo amalenga kusewera yosatheka kuneneka kuwala.

Miyambo ya enamel Chinese

Mu mbiri ya Tirhana na Timatheriyali la China ali ndi wapadera malo enamel. Cloisonne, wotchedwa klauzane, silinatulukiridwe ndi Chinese okha, adawadzera France, koma anali mtundu wa chitukuko, chifukwa miyambo m'dera akunja. Kuchokera ku gwero wapachiyambi makamaka anatengera dzinali, anachokera ku mawu French amasokoneza Cloison - "kugawa." Tikamakaona China mtundu wa njira enamel ntchito kumeneko akumumeta ubweya mwina.

Mu Palace Museum ku Beijing zosiyanasiyana za ntchito anasonyeza a zaluso ndi ntchito zamanja, pakati limene limafotokoza enamel Chinese. Cloisonne ankaimira nthawi m'ma makamaka mankhwala XV Syuande ndi Tszintao. Ndi N'zosadabwitsa, kuyambira nthawi ya Mafumu Ming, amene anali olamulira otchulidwa, ankaona nthawi ya ukuyenda bwino kwambiri zaluso. Pamaziko a sayansi yake, komanso anabwereka ku Ulaya, ambuye Chinese zinali zapadera graced tebulo ndi pansi Miphika, makapu, maswiti ndipo zosiyanasiyana nyali.

Nkhani enamel ku Georgia

ulemu wapadera kwa okhometsa ndi okonda zojambulajambula akusangalalanso Chijojiya cloisonné enamel. Zitsanzo ake oyambirira kudziwika za m'ma IX Komanso, iwo anapangidwa ndi luso yemweyo kuti ntchito lero. Chijojiya Art, zimene zimaonetsa kukoma wapadera ndi mphamvu zopanda malire, ophatikizidwa ambiri European ndipo Oriental. N'chifukwa chake kotero organically analowa cloisonné enamel njira amene anabwera ku madera awa a Ulaya. Apa linali katswiri, koma wakhala inakulitsidwa, chifukwa imene inalipo katswiri ambiri sukulu Chijojiya dziko.

Owola mu nthawi zakale ndi lero

Amadziwika kuti mbuye cloisonne m'mbuyomu zaka anali ntchito kupeza zikuchokera Napempha kwa zigawo zawo zosiyana kuposa Amlowam'malo yawo yamakono. Limodzi la Chinsinsi akale ananena kuti ntchito yokonza enamels amafuna gawo limodzi mchenga woyera khwatsi, gawo limodzi la asidi boric ndi magawo awiri a wofiira patsogolo. Opatsa kufunika mtundu zikuchokera ntchito inki osiyana mu mawonekedwe a cadmium okusayidi, cobalt kapena mkuwa.

Mu XX njira m'ma enamel atapita kupyola ntchito chikhalidwe komanso Tirhana na Timatheriyali, anayamba ntchito kulikonse kumene inu mukufuna kuti akonze cholimba ndi mankhwala kusamva pamwamba. Panali enamel luso. Choncho, kusintha ndi kukonzekera luso.

Cloisonne: Master Maphunziro

Kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi ife azipereka momveka bwino za mmene popanga mapanelo mu njira ya septal enamel. msonkhano wapadera umenewu adzalola aliyense amene akufuna kuyesa dzanja lawo chilengedwe cha ntchito zaluso ndi zamanja.

Choyamba, muyenera kukula abwino ndi makulidwe a mbale mkuwa, ndi anneal kufikira mtundu wofiira, ndi madzi ndiye ozizira. Izi adzakupatsani Zipangizo zofewa ndipo kuteteza mapindikidwe pa zina kuwombera enamel yokha. Patatha izi, mbale ndi kuwapukuta ndi mosamala kutsukidwa ndi sandpaper. Sitiyenera kukwaniritsa pamwamba mwangwiro yosalala, kuyambira kuwala zimathandiza kuti padziko roughness bwino pawiri zitsulo ndi enamel.

Kutsatira chitsanzo kukhazikitsa kakasi

Chotsatira - kugwiritsa ntchito kwa mbale chitsanzo. Zimenezi zingakhale kapena zikuchokera mseri, ndipo umasamutsidwa ku bukhu ntchito kutsatira pepala ndi kutengera pepala. Fano bwino itatha, mbale akhoza Pre-TACHIMATA woyera gouache. Pamene chithunzicho imaonekera, ayenera incised ndi zitsulo scriber ntchito mu ntchito kuikira. Patatha izi, mbale ndi bwino otsukidwa ndi kachiwiri calcined pamoto.

Akulimbikitsidwa zotsimikizira partitions mkuwa waya ndi awiri a za 0,8 millimeter. Ake m'mbuyomu anadutsa mphero kapena monga flattened ndi nyundo. Mzere chifukwa ndi glued kuti mbale m'mphepete, ndendende kubwereza ndondomeko mzere. Ntchito imeneyi, zambiri chidakwa guluu BF-6.

Kugwiritsa enamel ndi kuwombera

Kupanga gulu enamel kuchitidwa mu mawonekedwe a ufa misa. Akugulitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ake ndi Kuwonjezera wa golide kapena siliva particles, amene amapereka mankhwala okwera mtengo kwambiri chipangizo tione. ufa wasukuluka ndi madzi ndi misa chifukwa lembani mipata pakati pa kakasi lapansi. Chifukwa chaichi ndi yabwino ntchito trowel ndi burashi. Nkofunika kuti wosanjikiza enamel ndi wogawana anaika kutalika partitions mosabisa.

Mu siteji yotsatira amafuna kuyanika uvuni. Mu mankhwala ndi zouma kutentha 60 ° C kwa mpaka osakaniza enamel kwathunthu asamasanduke nthunzi madzi. Akamaliza njira imeneyi pa thandizo mbale ya kutentha kukana zitsulo anaikidwa muffle ng'anjo ndi kupanga kuwombera. Ngati n'zotheka zonse kutentha mu ng'anjo, ndi zofunika kubweretsa izo kwa 850 ° C, ngati ayi, Kutentha ayenera kupitiriza mpaka mankhwala mpaka pamwamba glossy.

Mapeto a ntchito

Pambuyo pa kutsimikizira kuti yowotcha ikatha, ndiye mbale kuchotsedwa ng'anjo mwa forceps yaitali, ndipo anaika padziko zitsulo, ndi kumkanikiza lathyathyathya ndi yosalala pamwamba katundu, amene kulemera ayenera kukhala makilogalamu osachepera khumi. Mwaichi, mankhwala akamazizira. Ndiye katundu atachotsedwa ndi owona singano yokonza zokolola monyanyira ndi descaling.

Cloisonné enamel - osati njira zosavuta, ndi nthawi yoyamba khalidwe luso la mankhwala akhoza mtima. Pankhaniyi, mungathe kuwonjezera chofunika kuchuluka kwa maselo enamel ndi kubwereza ndi mfuti, koma iyenera kukhala nthawi zosaposa anayi, kuyambira mtundu wa enamel ndi nsaluzi zinkangokhala ndi chiwerengero zikuluzikulu.