Nkhondo mtundu wanyimbo zaluso. Nkhondo zojambulajambula. zithunzi

Art alibe chiyambi ndipo udzakhalapo. Izi si kusonyeza zilandiridwenso ndi moyo wa munthu wina ndi mtundu wonse. Iwo akhoza anasonyeza mtima tsiku ndi zimenezi zitha anamva kachiwiri. Painting, zosemasema, nyimbo - zonsezi akhoza amatiuza za mbiri ya anthu, maganizo awo ndi kukaika. Izi bwino kwambiri amapereka nkhondo mtundu wanyimbo zaluso.

maganizo

Mawu amenewa anaonekera mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Wotchuka kwambiri anafikira mu zaka 17-18. Nkhondo mtundu wanyimbo mu luso zithunzi Limanena za nkhondo ndi moyo wankhondo. Mu zithunzi za mtundu uwu amaoneka kumenyana pa dziko, pa nyanja, komanso asilikali m'nkhalango yowirira kwambiri. Ntchito yaikulu ya chithunzicho si zochitika kapena kusonyeza ungwazi a nkhondo, komanso kuwaululira tanthauzo lenileni ndi nkhani zakale za zochitika.

Mwanjira nkhondo mtundu wanyimbo mu luso zithunzi ndi munthu wotchuka. Koma zithunzi za moyo asilikali amati ndi kupenta mtundu wanyimbo. Komanso, luso batalistika zikuphatikizapo mitunda, zithunzi, animalism, akadali moyo. zithunzi musangotchula kupereka chikhalidwe cha nkhondo, ndiponse kuti mitundu yonse ya mfundo ting'onoting'ono kuti omvera sadziwa.

maziko mbiri

Monga tanena kale, nkhondo mtundu wanyimbo mu luso zithunzi anatuluka mu zaka zana la 16. Ngakhale fano kumenyana wakhala kudziwika kwa nthawi yaitali: East, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome. Ndiye izo zikanakhala zotheka kupeza reliefs zachilendo, wosawoneka olamulira losagonjetseka ndi lowopsya n'kuona kuzinga linga, kapena amuna ulendo.

Kenako adayamba utoto Miphika of Ancient Greece, amene amapangidwa kuchokera kwa ojambula zithunzi nkhondo mtundu wanyimbo. Image nkhondo angapezeke pa arches kupambana, makalapeti, buku ankapenta, zopeta, etc.

kuyesa weniweni

Mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano akufuna ntchito ndi batalistikoy kukhala zosavuta. Makamaka izo anakwanitsa ojambula ku Italy. Kuwonjezera pa zithunzi nkhondo zopeka, kumeneko anayamba kuoneka pa zochitika zenizeni analanda nkhondo.

Mu Russia, polemba chinenero ichi anaonekera m'ma 18, mu ulamuliro wa Peter I. ojambula zithunzi anayesetsa kufotokoza yekha maziko mbiri ya nkhondo, koma makamaka kusonyeza wakutemwa ndi mtima wa asilikali nidzalambira pamaso ungwazi awo. Zokhudzana ojambula zithunzi Russian mpaka m'ma 20. N'zosadabwitsa ndi chakuti anali Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anayamba wozungulira latsopano la chitukuko batalistiki. Ndipo osati luso zithunzi, komanso nyimbo, mabuku ndi zomangamanga.

oimira

Pa nthawi ina nkhondo mtundu wanyimbo mu luso zithunzi zinali zofunika kwambiri. Ndi ubwino wanji icho sichikanakhoza chikugwirizana. Komabe, nkhondo ouziridwa ndiAmene. Aliyense anali kuyesera kulenga chinachake epochal, kwambiri, ichi, icho chikanati mpaka kalekale.

Kumene, pamene kuli kukuchititsa zimenezi anaonekera wojambula zojambula za nkhondo, amene anali wokhoza kufotokoza chochitika mbiri, komanso khalidwe lake ndi mphamvu. Pakati pa amisiri wotchuka kwambiri akhoza kuwasiyanitsa Aleksandra Zauerveyda, Bogdan Villevalde, Alfonsa De Neuville Vasily Vereshchagin, Nikolai Karazin, Ivan Nikitin ndipo, ndithudi, Frantsa Rubo. mndandanda zambiri. Ena ndiAmene amene asankha kukondwerera mbiri ndi nkhondo mtundu wanyimbo, ife kulankhula.

Chithunzicho chibadwire

Russian maphunziro nkhondo kupenta anatipatsa ojambula zithunzi ambiri apadera. Aliyense wa iwo anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa analenga. Opambana kwambiri ndi odziwika m'dera lino amaona kuti Frantsa Rubo. Iye anabadwa mu 1856 ku Odessa ndi kuyambira ali anatsatira njira ya chithunzicho. Iye anaphunzira pa Munich Academy, ndipo pobwera kunyumba anapita ku Caucasus kulenga.

Frants Alekseevich Rubo mu 1885 chinkhoswe mu mndandanda wa ntchito kwa m'nyumbayi asilikali. Chikadzangotha zojambula 17 iye anayamba ntchito yotsatira. Wotchuka nkhondo zojambula ndiponso anakhala "Mphepo aul Ahulgo". Izi si odziwika panorama zojambulajambula. Palinso ntchito awiri chigulu cha "Kuteteza Sevastopol" ndi "Borodino".

Epochal ndi mosapitirira malire

Frants Alekseevich Rubo wolemba za chithunzi "Mphepo aul Ahulgo". panorama uyu anali utoto mu 1888. Chifukwa cha chiwembu chinsalu ndi khamu mfundo Shamil - Ahulgo. Mu 1839, asilikali a Russia kuno. Iwo anazungulira mudzi, koma sadatha bwinobwino kumaliza okha patapita miyezi isanu. The chithunzi limasonyeza asilikali ake Ahulgo.

Yapadera waukulu panorama wa - malo ake zidzasintha. Pa nthawi imeneyi, chithunzicho anakhala nthawi yambiri. Pamaso pa omvetsera zodabwitsa chigwa ovuta. The zochitika zazikulu kutenga malo mbali ndi pamwamba. Mu ngodya madzere tirikuona m'mudzi mipanda. Mbali ina ndi Russian oyenda kufika mlatho yopapatiza. Mmodzi wa asilikaliwo imagwera zida, ndi zojambulajambula anatha molondola n'zotheka kusonyeza chikondi chake.

Ndi miyala pa asilikali Russian kuwombera mapiri, ndi akazi kumuponya miyala. Pali pa lona, ndi malo achangu. Pomwepo noticeable nkhalamba amene motentheka modera yekha, uku akukupiza mbendera. Near kunkhondo kale sakhoza kuona omenyana akufa ndiwobvulazidwa. The chithunzi limasonyeza limaonetseratu ndi zodabwitsa momveka bwino ndiponso mogwira mtima.

Chithunzicho zojambulajambula zochitika nkhondo

Ivan Nikitin ankati anabadwa mu 1688 mu Moscow. Chilango si kwambiri kudziwika. Zojambulajambula tinaphunzira mwakhama ndipo nthawi zinadziwika kwa Peter I. Mfumu amanyadira iye, ndipo anabala ziyembekezo mkulu. Iye ankakonda ntchito Nikitin, amene panthawiyo ankachita nawo zithunzi. Chithunzi oyambirira chithunzicho akuti ndi chifanizo cha Natalia Alekseevna, mlongo wa Peter I. Pambuyo iye anajambula zithunzi za achibale ambiri ndi abwenzi la mfumu.

Zingatanthauze kuti mphamvu zake phenomenal mu chithunzi mtundu wanyimbo sanathe Khirisimasi mokulirapo. Komabe Nikitin ali bwinobwino kuyesa yekha batalistike. Choncho panali chithunzi cha "nkhondo ya Kulikov."

Kukongola zikuperekedwa

Amaganiza kuti poyamba ukonde Nikitin mu mtundu wanyimbo uyu anali "Nkhondo ya Poltava." wojambula wake utoto za 1727. kupenta anatenga chinsalu lalikulu mawonekedwe kukula "pafupi mayadi atatu." Ntchito pa izo anatenga zojambula za miyezi 2. Kwa iye kuti walandira 80 rubles. Komabe si wotchuka ngati kupenta "Nkhondo ya Kulikovo".

Ambiri, view zimasonyeza kuti wojambula achirendo kwambiri. Iye osati analemba masomphenya ake, komanso ntchito ntchito ya amisiri ena. Iye anali munthu wophunzira, ndipo motero ankadziwa wotchuka ntchito zachikhalidwe. Maziko a "buku" anali lalembedwa ndi Antonio Tempesta.

Nkhondo zojambulajambula sanayese kutsanzira munthu wina. Zikuonekeratu kuti bwino ntchito nkhani ayenera kuti akonze mankhwala kwambiri. N'zoonekeratu kuti "Kulikovo nkhondo" si buku Tempesta etchings ndi zithunzi za m'Baibulo. Nikitin anatha kuchotsa zonse safuna kusintha m'nkhaniyi ndi kuwonjezera awo kalembedwe.

Pamaso pa omvetsera pali nkhondo wotchuka. Pomwepo ife tinazindikira wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy, Vorontsov, Prozorovskiy. Kenako anawona angapo akalonga wotchuka Belozerskih ndi Relight. Last Chelubey akulimbana ndi mdani. Ambiri, pali nthano zambiri za banjali. Pali umboni kuti iwo kuononga mzake ndi mikondo. Palinso nkhani imene Relight kusonyeza kumenyana luso lawo ndi kupha Chelubey.

zinthu zonse zithunzi anatsatira. Nikitin amayesetsa kudziwa m'nkhaniyi. miinjiro yawo amaonedwa zikwangwani ndi zolemba zovala za manja. Iwo Tingaone ndi mawu amene asilikali nkhondo. Koma ntchito yaikulu Nikitin anali pofuna kunena mfundo kuti tidzapambana pa Nkhondo ya Kulikov anapambana osati olamulira komanso khamu lalikulu la asilikali amene anamenya chakumbuyo. Iwo ambirimbiri. Khamu iri yofulumira kunkhondo. Ndi zilembo awa amene sadzachitanso kuonekera, mawonekedwe chachikulu cha nkhondo.

ojambula zithunzi otchuka

nkhondo Zitsanzo mtundu wanyimbo angapezeke mu ojambula zithunzi ambiri amene anakhudza nkhondo. Nikolay Karazin anali zojambulajambula kwambiri amene ankagwira ntchito nkhondo mtolankhani. Icho ndi chimene chinamuthandiza kuti zokwanira za maganizo a asilikali ndi nthawi "kutsanulira" pa intaneti. Okonda angazimvetse mu "The anatenga Tashkent" zojambula, "Teke ulendo mu 1881. Asilikali ake a Geok-Tepe, "etc.

Vasily Vereshchagin osati nkhondo zithunzi, komanso wolemba wotchuka. Iye analandira maphunziro ake luso Pamaulendo padziko lonse. Wotchuka kwambiri wa zojambula wake ankaona kupenta "The Apotheosis la nkhondo." Iye anali woyamba amene anayesa kukana batalistike maphunziro. Sanasangalale kuti epochal panorama lemba la ulemerero wakutemwa ndi ungwazi. Vereshchagin anali nkhondo ndi Zionetsero ntchito zake Tingaone bwino.