Cruciate mitsempha ya bondo: nsautso, chithandizo, konzanso

Bondo olowa - waukulu mu thupi la munthu. Ndipo Kudaonekeratu poyera kuti zimango za kayendedwe ake ndi thunthu ali osayenerana. Pakuti ophunzira aku chipatala chilichonse zovuta kuposa artrosindesmologiya, ndi sayansi zimfundo. Chimake cha kuchulukitsa kwa bondo olowa imatengedwa. Ndi pamaso akulankhula za matenda ake, ayenera kuzindikira dongosolo la.

mafupa

Maziko a mapangidwe olowa yaitali mafupa awiri - ndi femur ndi tibia - ndi chimodzi patella yaing'ono. Mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, nawo fibula mu bondo olowa sadzavomereza. Iye ali ndi anzake tibia basi pansipa. Kumapeto m'munsi mwa tibia ndi , pali okwera awiri, amene ayitanidwa condyles. Iwo akuyimira kumtunda kwa anawa ndipo okutidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe. Pa mbali ina ya malo okwera tibial ali mawonekedwe wangwiro condyles lapansi. Amagwiritsidwanso yokutidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe zabwino kutsetsereka. Last lathyathyathya fupa - patella - ili pakati condyles mu recess mwapadera anapanga. mafupa onse amene olowa okutidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe hyaline, millimeters asanu wandiweyani. Iye wandiweyani, chonyezimira ndi zopinga. Ntchito yake ndi kuchepetsa katundu pa gululi ndi kuchepetsa mikangano pakati pa mafupa. Pamwamba pa dongosolo lonse aphimbidwa ndi connective minofu kapisozi.

mitolo

Kuti kuphatikiza mafupa atatu pamodzi, chichereŵechereŵe sikokwanira kwa munthu. Zimatengera wabwino yolusa chida umene uli kugawa ndinapirira, ndi cholimba. nchito imeneyi imagwiridwa ndi gulu. Iwo anapanga wa wandiweyani connective minofu ndipo anatambasula pakati pa mafupa.

Choncho, pa pamalo mbali ya olowa zili ina Mitsemphayi kuti kulimbikitsa kapisozi. Awiri a iwo lateral ndi medial. Ntchito chingwe izi ndi kuchepetsa olowa kuyenda mu dzanja. Mkati kapisozi nawonso ali ndi gulu. Iwo lili pakati pa kali articular ndipo amatchedwa crosswise. ntchito yawo - si bwino kupereka muyezo olowa kusuntha mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Zapambuyo cruciate mitsempha ya bondo chikuyamba tibia lapansi. Iye mwachidwi kusuntha kwake patsogolo ndipo amalowetsa kuchokera pamwamba articular. The zapambuyo cruciate mitsempha ya bondo komanso kuyamba pa tibia ndi kubweza kayendedwe ake chammbuyo wachibale femur lapansi.

Pamodzi, adzithandiza olowa mu mkhalidwe mgwirizano, kuonetsetsa bata ndi kayendedwe yosalala.

menisci

Kunja, amaoneka ngati gulu, koma amapanga zambiri zofanana chichereŵechereŵe lapansi. Ili Midway pakati pa tibia ndi femur ndi kufunika congruence wamkulu wa olowa. ntchito yaikulu: ngakhale yogawa thupi pa olowa ndi kuonetsetsa bata ake pamene galimoto udindo malo amodzi.

Ichi ndi chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ngati kulibe meniscus, kulemera lonse la thupi ayesetse mfundo zingapo mkati olowa, ndipo izi zingachititse zoopsa mofulumira ndi olumala.

minofu

Padziko kutsogolo kwa minofu bondo extensor ili. Iwo amagwira pamwamba pa femur pa mbali imodzi ndi ku tendon patellar - pa ena. Pamene yafupika, pali mwendo kutambasuka mu olowa, kulola munthu kuti apange sitepe patsogolo. Kwambiri ntchito akutenga quadriceps.

Ndi Femur ndi gulu la minofu flexors. kuphatikana mfundo iwo, nawonso, pa mutu wa femur, koma mfundo za kayendedwe ndi padziko kumbuyo kwa tibia atathana ndi tendon amphamvu. Chidule cha minofu imeneyi idzakungana bondo.

misempha

The kwambiri kwa bondo imatengedwa popliteal mitsempha. Ndi mbali ya lalikulu mitsempha sciatic ndi kusiya olowa, amapereka nthambi zitatu. Woyamba amapita ku tibia ndi ili pafupi pamwamba kumbuyo. Zovala chachiwiri fibula ndipo amatipatsa kutsogolo ndi mbali padziko tibia lapansi. Ndipo wachitatu pansi kumapazi. Ndi mitsempha yosiyanasiyana. Iwo ali ngati mota, ndi chigawo kachipangizo. Pakuti kuvulala mu bondo olowa zikhoza kuonongeka ngati mitsempha wamba ndi nthambi zake.

kotunga magazi

Ngati ife kulankhula kokha za olowa, izo chakudya cha wolumikizira magazi maukonde. Iwo aumbike mwa:

• ndi medial ndi lateral zapambuyo bondo mitsempha;
• zapambuyo mitsempha;
• ndi apakatikati mtsempha wamagazi wa bondo;
• pamwamba-pansi ndi kuzungulira mitsempha bondo.

iwo ndinu nthambi zonse za mtsempha wamagazi tibial chimene chimachokera ku mtsempha wamagazi kunja iliac. Ndipo iye, nayenso amachokera iliac wamba.

Venous outflow ikuchitika ndi mitsempha dzina chomwecho chimene zimayendera mtsempha wamagazi. Wokhometsa ndi m'munsi dzenje Vienna, amene akubwerera magazi ku mtima.

Zimayambitsa kuvulala kwa Mitsemphayi bondo

Mmodzi wa kuvulala zokhumudwitsa kwambiri kuti angapezeke pa bondo - ndi kuwonongeka kwa cruciate mitsempha. Sikuti mtendere wa dongosolo lonse akawinduka, amachepetsa buku kayendedwe umasinthasintha ndi chabe, momwemonso njira akuchiritsa adzakhala yaitali ndithu.

Zifukwa kupeza zoopsa amenewa kuwononga banja zotsatira, ngozi, mwadzidzidzi motsatana. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu Akatswiri - skiers, Otsetsereka, Otsetsereka, jumpers kapena wrestlers. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndikofunikira kusunga miyeso chitetezo kupewa maganizo pamwamba pa mafupa, izo kunatanthauzanso kutsatira zakudya zimene akhalebe amphamvu okwanira a kolajeni, kusungitsa elasticity wa Mitsemphayi.

chipatala

Pamene munthuyo anafunsa ndi choipa nyama zimene iye anadandaula, kumva poyankha motere: "Zimapweteka bondo mu flexion ndi kutambasuka." Koma chete za zizindikiro zina.

- pa nthawi zoipa mpaka kudina kapena kuthetheka wa lisaoneke;
- panali Kusakhazikika mu bondo, kudzikayikira "laxity";
- bondo kutupa pankhondo yoyamba maola angapo pambuyo choipa;
- kudzikundikira madzimadzi mu M'mimbamo olowa (chizindikiro kusinthasintha);
- chiletso kayendedwe chifukwa cha ululu kapena kutupa.

Choncho, pamene wodwala akukuuzani inu kuti iye ali ndi zilonda bondo mu flexion ndipo powunikiridwa m'chiphiphiritso, ungatipatsire si cruciate mitsempha chophukacho. M'pofunika kuchita kuyendera zonse asanadye zochita.

gulu la kuwonongeka

digiri yoyamba: chophukacho wa zapambuyo cruciate mitsempha ya bondo anasonyeza pang'ono, pali ululu, pang'ono kutupa. Movement mu olowa penapake zochepa, koma makamaka chifukwa edema, osati chifukwa cha kuvulazidwa. Bata lili.

digiri yachiwiri: pali chotupa tsankho la cruciate mitsempha, wangwiro ndi mbali zonse za kuvulala woyamba digiri. Chinthu chapadera ndi zotupa izi amakonda anawathetsa akuyambiranso. Ndipo kachiwiri choipa bwino zimayamba khama pambuyo kwambiri pasanathe nthawi yoyamba.

Chachitatu Digiri: anawononga kwathunthu zapambuyo cruciate mitsempha ya bondo. kupweteka kwambiri, kutupa ndege ndi malire ndithu kayendedwe udakali chabe. Olowa lasasuka, wosweka thandizo ake ntchito.

Kumene, gulu ili singakhale akomere uliwonse kuvulala bondo mitsempha, koma zimathandiza kutsogolera mwamphamvu awo.

diagnostics

Pambuyo kafukufukuyu, anamnesis wa moyo ndipo anayendera thanzi gawo akuyamba. dokotala amayesetsa kupeza momwe zotengera malingaliridwe maganizo lifanane ndi mfundo zenizeni. Choyamba iye amasanthula mwendo zabwino, kuphatikizapo akupenyetsetsa kwa bondo. Izi ndi zofunika kuti athe kuyerekeza ndi kuonongeka limodzi.

Pofuna kutsimikizira zowonongeka cruciate mitsempha ya bondo, dokotala akuyesera kuloza tibia ndi kutsogolo. Ngati zoipa ali, akupambana. Pali probes zenizeni zingapo zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa milanduyi.

Atafufuza Buku ndi malangizo. Ndicho - X-ray bondo olowa. Timatha kuzindikira fractures akhakula ndi yopuma. Chotsatira ndi kumveka maginito kulingalira. Timatha inu kukhazikitsa matenda molondola kwambiri. Koma nthawi zina akhoza kuwononga. Popeza overdiagnosis amakhala amapereka kwa zikunena ndi zosafunika kwathunthu opaleshoni. Cruciate mitsempha ya bondo akhoza kuonongeka mu njira yakuti Kusakhazikika zimachokeradi, ndi kusiyana kwakukulu chimaonetsedwa pa polojekiti ndi.

chithandizo ndiwofatsa

Vutoli si nthawi zonse odana odwala opaleshoni. Mu nkhani iyi, chosonyeza kuti alowererepo si mfundo za kusiyana ndi vutoli mu olowa. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Pakuti zimfundo ndi Mitsemphayi amapezekamo kambirimbiri immobilization ndi zina mpaka kubwezeretsa kwa okhulupirika. Mukhoza kugawanitsa ndondomeko mu magawo angapo a mankhwala.

1. The pachimake nyengo. Anavulala cruciate Mitsemphayi bondo olowa. Chithandizo umalimbana kuchepetsa ululu ndi olowa kutupa. Anasokonezeka ndi bwino kuyesetsa kuti chipatala paokha. Kutsatira ozizira choipa malo, kupereka mankhwala othetsa ululu ndi kupereka lopuma nthambi wovulala. Ngati pali kudzikundikira magazi mu olowa, m'pofunika nthawi akuyamwitsa syringe ake, kuteteza aumirira ndi kukhazikika pa pamalo olowa, kuchititsa kutupa.
2. Stale kusiyana. Kamodzi ululu ali anaphwa, mungathe kuyamba maphunziro kulimbikitsa minofu. Palibe chabwino kuposa chimango amphamvu akulu, omwe muwasunge iwo kwa hyperextension ndi kuichotsa pa mfundo ndi Mitsemphayi. Yambani kakang'ono, koma aliyense maphunziro nthawi choyenera kwambiri kayendedwe matalikidwe ukuwonjezeka. Ntchito orthoses (splints ndi dongosolo chosinthika hinge) kuchepetsa kayendedwe.
3. Malo pepala. Pa nthawi imeneyi, dokotala amafufuza olowa ngati panalibe kuvulala. Ndipo ngati zotsatira kukomana naye, ndiye anabwerera sayenda, kupweteka Kusakhazikika ndi zizindikiro pathological, mankhwala tinganene kuti kupambana.

Koma sindikuganiza kuti anali mapeto, ndipo mukhoza yomweyo kuthamanga ndinagonjetsa. Long pambuyo pa mapeto a mankhwala wodwala ayenera kusamalira mwendo wovulala, kuchita Zochita wapadera kuphunzitsa minofu ya ntchafu.

mankhwala ntchito

Pulasitiki zapambuyo cruciate mitsempha ya bondo ikuchitika ngati palibe bata olowa kapena si zolondola. Childs, izo imagwiridwa mankhwala ndiwofatsa, pamene pali zina zabwino zomwe zikuchitika zokhudza dongosolo akulu.

Childs, wotuluka amenewa anapangidwa pasanathe miyezi sikisi pambuyo zoipa. Koma ngati kusiyana kwa zaka zambiri zapitazo, ndi zizindikiro anatuluka posachedwapa - palibe chifukwa kusiya opaleshoni. Monga ulamuliro, mtundu uwu wa mankhwala zagonjetsedwa kwa othamanga amene ong'ambika zapambuyo cruciate mitsempha ya bondo. Opaleshoni ndi tendon prosthesis. Pakuti ntchito ngati Mitsemphayi a munthuyo, ndipo ziwalo kupanga. Zambiri stitching zotsatira zonse chinang'ambika mitsempha zabwino satero, ndipo nthawizina zosatheka, mwaukatswiri, chifukwa cha malo kovuta. The watsopano bondo olowa cruciate mitsempha tiyenera kutsatira akale, kugwira ntchito yake ndi bwino pabwino.