Dongosolo banki US

Dongosolo banki la United States patsogolo nthawi zina wakhala decentralized. Panali zikwizikwi a mabanki, koma iwo sanamvere boma. Ndipotu aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mfundo zake. M'matawuni ang'onoang'ono a America, mabungwe amenewa akhoza kukhala okhawo awo, makamaka ngati akhazikitsidwa ndi wambiri lalikulu mafakitale. Komabe, m'zaka za m'ma 20, kupanga dongosolo banki US wapita njira zina. Kukhazikitsa ulamuliro pa mabungwe onse m'dera limeneli, Federal Reserve System analengedwa. mabanki angapo inakonzedwa ndi Watsimikiza boma. Ndi thandizo lawo, boma amene wakwanitsa kuwunika ntchito za mabungwe payekha.

Aliyense Federal Reserve Bank akhoza kutchedwa "banki ku banki", komanso banki boma. Ndipotu, mabungwe payekha anali unkayenera kupereka gawo ena ndalama mu magawo a mabungwe amenewa. Pankhaniyi, kukhazikitsa makoti ndi zinthu kuwombola kukhala yekha Federal Reserve mabanki. Lero pali mitundu ingapo ya mabungwe banki mu America. Loyamba ndilochokera Inde, zinthu za dongosolo la Kukhuta a. Kenako panabwera mabanki payekha, makampani ndalama ndi maudindo banki. Masiku ano, pafupifupi palibe kusiyana pakati pa iwo, pambuyo pa zonse, chuma ndi mabanki payekha akhoza ndalama m'matangadza. The Reserve Federal ali ndi ufulu wonse kwa azikonza boma. Bungweli akugula sheya nsinga, omwe wosindikiza boma.

Komabe, ndalama ndi phindu kwa Iye akupita wambiri lalikulu ndi makampani mafakitale. Chifukwa boma nawonso, wakonda yopeza ndalama mu mabungwe awa. Federal dongosolo banki US ali ndi ofesi chapakati ili ku Washington, DC. Mutu wa wagawo izi amusankha tcheyamani kapena pulezidenti kwa mawu a zaka 14. Yosokoneza Kukhuta tcheyamani ndipo dongosolo lonse mulole Senate. Koma pulezidenti n'zokayikitsa mwayi wotero. Chisankho cha munthu waukulu mu dongosolo banki feduro, wochitidwa ndi senators. Tcheyamani ali ndi mwayi kutenga udindo uwu, ndipo kachiwiri ngati iye ali wosankhidwa ndi voti ambiri. Ndicho chimene chinachitika pamene kachiwiri chisankho mu 2009.

Dongosolo banki US wakhala magawo akuluakulu sikisi. Dziko kale anayesa kulowa pamaso dongosolo limodzi, koma izo sizimagwira ntchito. Choncho, mu 18 mochedwa - m'ma 19 oyambirira, panali woyamba banki US. Ndiye nthawi yochepa panalibe mphamvu centralizing mu gawo lino. A Patapita nthawi, United States unapangidwa banki chachiwiri. Posakhalitsa anafika otchedwa "nthawi ya kachitidwe banki ufulu." Ndiyeno panali kukhazikitsidwa kwa Bank National. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 20 panali Kukhuta. Woyamba centralizing machitidwe awiri akhala bwino. Iwo sadamlandire kutambasuka kwa mgwirizano. Woyamba a mabanki izi anayambitsa Hamilton. mabungwe onse ndi zovuta zingapo, waukulu umene - chosowa liquidity.

Chachitatu dongosolo centralized inakulitsidwa osati liquidity okwezeka ndi kupezeka kwa ndalama mokwanira kusintha, komanso chifukwa cha mavuto mwadzidzidzi - mantha. linakhalapo yaitali, makamaka kulimbitsa udindo pa nthaka American, la feduro banki dongosolo ayenera mavuto azachuma amene anachitika mu 1907.

Mantha, amene adayitana, wakhala chifukwa chake boma anaganiza mwachangu kulamulira zochita za mabungwe banki payekha. Ndipo boma limeneli wakhoza. The Kukhuta kwambiri ntchito. Kuwonjezera chakuti iye imatengedwa dziko banki boma akumeneko, ntchito yake monga kuchita nawo ankayendetsa zachuma padziko lonse ndi akuluakulu a boma US, chitetezo ogula ulamuliro wa mabungwe payekha ndi zambiri. The Kukhuta amadziwikanso chinkhoswe mu mavuto liquidity ndipo amatilangiza makoti. Dongosolo banki US wakhala kwambiri bungwe.