Dongosolo kuti of Ancient Greece ndi Rome

Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti lonse zomangamanga padziko lonse anayamba mchikakamizo cha ziwembu tingachipeze powerenga analengedwa ndi mapulani a lodziwika bwino Hellas. ntchito zawo wosafa kwa zaka anatumikira monga chitsanzo cha mogwirizana kuti anauzira mapulani a nthawi ina imene poyambira amafufuza awo kulenga anali dongosolo dongosolo la Greece. Photo zofotokoza nkhani, kupereka lingaliro la paradaiso khalidwe.

Lingaliro kuti mapulani

Tisanayambe kulankhula za maonekedwe a malamulo osiyanasiyana, Usadzipweteka kumveketsa tanthauzo la kudzikonda, kotero kawirikawiri pa zomangamanga a mawu. Pansi pake amamvedwa ngati zikuchokera chifukwa cha mankhwala luso la nyumba zofunika kwambiri - zake positi ndi mtengo yomanga. A kuphatikiza yosavuta akundithandiza ofukula ndi bala yopingasa mu inasanduka ntchito yaluso.

Agiriki ndi chirengedwe chinali chibadidwe ndakatulo kuzindikira makhalidwe ambiri moyo mwakuwoneka wamba. Apa ndi kuphatikiza watsiku ndi zinthu yomanga ndi mizati m'zipinda za pamwamba, anali kuona chizindikiro cha kulimbana kwa bwino - chithandizo, ndi zoipa - kukanikiza pa pamwamba kulemera yakeyake mtengo, ndi architrave. O ndipo ngati kudali nkhani zimenezi zapamwamba, amakhala moona yosalephera ndege ya kudzoza kwa mapulani wakale.

Atatu Nsanamira ya zomangamanga wakale Greek

An zomangamanga kuti dongosolo la Greece wakale zachokera pa zipilala atatu, anakhala maziko nthawi yonse kuli chitukuko ichi patsogolo. Pansipa iwo ambiri amadziwira ngati Doric dongosolo, amaayoni ndi Korinto. maina awa anachokera m'madera yomanga woyamba anaonekera, amalembedwa mbali awo ndi osiyana ndi luso. Monga ulamuliro, izi kunalibe mokhala wamba ndi nyumba pagulu kapena mipingo.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti nyumba zachipembedzo kutchula zipatso za kulenga kudzoza mapulani. Kulambira milungu m'gulu osati dongosolo mwambo, koma amafuna wapadera kwambiri zokongoletsa maonekedwe kulenga zinthu zonse za kachisiyo, kuphatikizapo kapangidwe ka mapulani ndi sculptural yokongola.

Kumayambiriro a kamangidwe kalembedwe Greece

Kuwonjezera kuti dongosolo mu zomangamanga a Greece wakale ali kwambiri mizu zakale. Ngakhale m'banda - chachikale chinkawavuta - zinamangidwa mu nthawi, mbali luso amene ayitanidwa Doric. Akachisi, anachita mu kalembedwe chofuna kuchita squat, dyera yaikulu yokongola. Amene ankakhala mu I m'ma AD, wotchuka Roma wamanga ndi kadaulo Vitruvius umapereka ananena kuti "wamphongo."

N'loonadi chotero khalidwe zimaonekera pamene inu mukuwona mizati chachikulu, kukhala ndi lingaliro la mphamvu ndipo amatha kupirira katundu aliyense. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamwamba yokutidwa ndi kotenga anakafika pamodzi olamulira a grooves pa, anafotokoza chiyembekezo oposa, ndi kutitengera tanthauzo la mphamvu, amene amakhala osiyana, tonsefe dongosolo dongosolo la Greece.

Mwachidule kufotokoza njira imeneyi kamangidwe, tisaiwale kuti zotsatira za kayendedwe zimatheka ndi mawonekedwe ndi mizati - mu likulu lawo lonse ndi tapered pamwamba. N'chimodzimodzi ndi index ena, umalimbana mlengalenga - malo a milungu ankalambira m'kachisi. Njira imeneyi stylistic akutumikira cholinga china - conical nsanja silhouette ndi yaikulu tanthauzo la counteraction yokoka kuposa mawonekedwe ake mosamalitsa choimirira.

The zosiyanasiyana za m'kachisi Doric

Yokoma ya ndime - likulu - amakhala ndi chosowa zokongoletsa ndi imakhala contours yosalala otukukira kunja, wotchedwa echinus, ndi mbale amakona anayi - abacus. Palibe zambiri. N'zoona wamwamuna kukongola sakusowekera kudzikongoletsa. Komabe, izi luso malangizo sizikutanthauza kuti dongosolo dongosolo la Greece wakale wafunsira chongosangalatsa akachisi kunja, anachita mu chimango cha kalembedwe makamaka.

Ndi kufanana ambiri anapangira akachisi Doric anayang'ana mosiyana. Zonse kudalira msinkhu ndi udindo wa mizati ya, komanso kufanana ambiri nyumbayi. Mu zina, amalenga tanthauzo unaffordable yokoka, pamene ena - omasuka ndi chisomo. Kuona, ingoyang'anani pa chachikulu Pestumskogo mawonekedwe kachisi wa Poseidon, ndi kuyerekeza ndi maphunziro yoyandama kachisi wa Hephaestus pa msika.

The zikamera wa mfundo chosalimba pa zomangamanga

Patapita nthawi, kale mu heyday chikhalidwe Mediterranean, dongosolo kuti of Ancient Greece wakhala amatilimbikitsa kalembedwe wina mapulani kudziwika monga amaayoni dongosolo. Mosiyana ndi m'bale wake Dorian, amene ophatikizidwa mtundu chachimuna anayamba mawu a ukazi ndi chisomo, akuwonetseredwa mu ndondomeko wochepa wa mizati, ndi omasuka chonse akachisi kufanana.

Komanso, mapulani Greek, motsogozedwa ndi countrywomen zokongola, anachita mitu ya mizati mu mawonekedwe a mabwalo, amatikumbutsa chifuwa mkazi wokongola ndi zokongoletsa wolemera mu mawonekedwe a mikanda. Chitoliro amapangidwa m'njira kwambiri kuti iwo samakhoza kuthandiza wowerenga kugwirizana ndi makutu a diresi yake.

Kuganiza onse a chikazi ndi kumbali wodzilemekeza caryatides - kanjedza wamkazi, ntchito ngati zogwiriziza zina. Iwo anali Mosiyana analiko kanjedza akachisi Doric wamphamvu ndi wachisoni wa Atlanteans.

Zosiyanasiyana amaayoni kalembedwe

Nyumba za ku amaayoni kuti sanali homogeneous. Ali mbali zapadera zimene zingathe kugawanitsa iwo mu Asia Minor ndi njira chapamwamba. Choyamba choonetsa kwambiri maziko osiyana ndi kupanda frieze - gulu sculptural yokongola, nkhanza pamwamba pa mpanda. Umapezeka infrequently. Chapamwamba wamba mwina. Ndi izi kalembedwe wotchuka mapulani kuti dongosolo la Greece. Acropolis wa wotchuka kwambiri chimake ake.

Maonekedwe osiyana ndi a akachisi chapamwamba kalembedwe angatchedwe atatu wosanjikiza entablature - matabwa a denga, kupumula pa mizati ya akuthandiza. Komanso, yodziwika mosalekeza frieze kuti mozungulira kukafika kutsogolo lonse la nyumbayo ndipo nthawi zambiri chokongoletsedwa ndi nyimbo kukongoletsa.

Nthawi zambiri, amaayoni kachisi, kwa ubwino onse wakuti, ndi yaikulu drawback - mfundo zimene zinalembedwa mu zikuchokera lawo, mosatsata mubwereze bwino. Malinga ndi kapangidwe awo, iwo anali okongola ndi chimodzi chokha makamaka mbali. Ndi chifukwa chake dongosolo dongosolo la Greece ankafunikira latsopano, zambiri woyengeka ndi mosalekeza kalembedwe.

Kalembedwe, odzipereka zomwe wa zaka zapitazi

Anakhala kuti Korinto, cholinga kutenga nkhani zabwino ndi zofooka za akalambula ake awiri. Iye kuonekera bwino mbali zawo. Kuti izo analandira anamalizidwa zonse za dongosolo dongosolo la Greece. Imafotokoza kuti Mlengi wake, akale Greek wamanga Callimachus kamodzi anaona choonetsedwa yokumbukira wake.

Ataima pa achinyamata Greek mkazi manda dengu la maluwa wokutidwa ndi acanthus utakula kudzera mipiringidzo yake nthambi wobiriwira. Ndi wokoma katswiri wa zomangamanga, iye walenga mizati angapo, mitu pamene adaona chinaonekeranso. Iwo anali wokongola kwa maganizo onse, ndi njira zawo maziko a kulenga latsopano kuti mapulani.

Zatchulidwazi Roma wamanga Vitruvii poyerekeza Korinto wochepa mzati ndi silhouettes atsikana. Mosiyana ndi Dorian ndi zitsanzo Ionian iwo kuyang'ana mosavuta ndi kuja. Komanso, mitu Korinto ndi entablature, kuwonjezera comprehensiveness awo, yodziwika ndi ulemerero wolemera, kuwapatsa yowala chikondwerero tione.

otsatira Roma Ahelene wakale

Kuti dongosolo la Greece wakale anali ngati maziko kwa chilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha masitaelo a kamangidwe ka ufumu wa Roma. Koma mosiyana ndi zaka zam'mbuyo, mu nthawi ina ya mbiri ya dziko lapansi, kufalikira kwa anali atatu, koma asanu linalamula. Pakuti analandira kwa mapulani Greek ndi akumvera reworked kalembedwe mapulani Roma anawonjezera awiri choyambirira mwakuchita iwo - Tuscan ndi gulu.

Losavuta ndi kalembedwe Tuscan. Iwo anali yodziwika ndi mizati chachikulu ndi chosavuta Doric entablature - anasangalala denga span, nthawi zambiri nkhuni. Roman Doric ndi Roma amaayoni kuti ambiri kubereka prototypes awo a Greek, koma ndi ena zosintha. Koma kalembedwe wa gulu, amaona ndi zovuta kwambiri matabwa ake, woimiridwa ndi mndandanda wa zinthu za ena malamulo anayi.

Wapangodya ya zomangamanga padziko lonse

Si kukokomeza kunena kuti Nyumba Greece wakale, dongosolo unalonga anapeza kupitiriza ake mu ntchito za mapulani a Roma anali chifukwa chimene kenako lonse World Chakale zomangamanga. Kuyang'anitsitsa mwachidwi pa katswiri wake wotchuka Tingaone mu zinthu izi kubwera ku dziko lapansi kuchokera mu kuya wakale wa zaka.