Douglas Engelbart - anayambitsa mbewa kompyuta

A mwana wa atumwi XXI zambiri wayamba ntchito kupezerera kompyuta mbewa musanayambe kulankhula. Koma si wamkulu amadziwa dzina la anayambitsa chipangizo ichi, chimene zatenganso mbali pokhazikitsa kukhudzana pakati pa munthu ndi kompyuta.

Douglas Engelbart anali woyambitsa wa ntchito zaluso ndi ena makompyuta lonse -. GUI lemba mkonzi, hypertext, misonkhano online, etc. Modabwitsa, sanakhale billionaire, koma ankalandira ntchito zikomo ake ndi Mipikisano miliyoni-asilikali a owerenga.

mwana wa alimi ku Oregon

Iye anabadwa January 30, 1925 pa famu banja la Charles ndi Gladys Engelbart. Mu pedigree wa banja anachokera kumpoto kwa Ulaya - Germany, Norwegians ndi asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda. Mwina, kwa makolo Douglas Munapezatu Ambiri Amakonda amve ndi zolondola ntchito, ngakhale ngati mwana wa luso lapadera, iye anali anaona.

Komabe, iye bwinobwino maphunziro a sekondale ku Portland, ndi Franklin ndipo mu 1942 anapita ku yunivesite ya Oregon, kufuna kupeza zapaderazi injiniya magetsi. Patatha zaka ziwiri, anakakamizika kutenga nawo mbali pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World m'kati kutali malire US. Douglas Carl Engelbart wa dziko monga katswiri wina, wailesi woyendetsa pa panyanja m'munsi mu Philippines.

"Kodi timaganiza"

Chofunika kwa Douglas anadziwa Nkhani-nkhani ya zomangamanga American ndi wasayansi, mmodzi wa upainiya chitukuko makompyuta analogue Veynivara Chitsamba Choyaka (1890-1974) wakuti Monga tingaganize, iyambe kufalitsidwa mu July 1945. Mmodzi wa mitundu ya kusinthika Russian ya mutu wa ntchito imeneyi wamasomphenya zikumveka mwa ndakatulo - "Mwamsanga timatha kuganiza."

Ambiri mwa malingaliro amene ali mawu a Chitsamba Choyaka, zikuoneka kuti achinyamata wailesi woyendetsa, amene anali atakhala mu kanyumba kakang'ono pa Nyumba Zam'mwamba, Chilwa yaing'ono Pacific chilumba, theka lokonda. Kwambiri udindo wa nzeru zochita kupanga kulenga tsogolo la Information Society, lomwe linatchulidwa m'nkhani, wolemba, Douglas Engelbart ankaona zogwirizana okha m'tsogolo. Koma chikhulupiriro ndi mphamvu amachokera ku mawu Chitsamba Choyaka a, anamugwira, ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono kumatanthauza ndi n'zofunika moyo wamtendere.

Bachelor ya Magetsi

Nditabwerera ku nkhondo, ndi anga uja kupeza maphunziro a ku yunivesite. Douglas Engelbart, m'mene adamaliza yoyamba pa zapaderazi "zamagetsi", anali katswiri pa NASA Ames Laboratory komwe anakagwira ntchito kwa 1948 mpaka mu 1951. Izi zasayansi wamng'ono anali wotsogolera tsogolo NASA Azamlengalenga chiphona.

Pa zaka zitatu, anayamikira cholinga kothera ntchito yake chitukuko angathe makompyuta, vuto kuthetsa danga gulu mudziwe, amene anawerenga Chitsamba Choyaka Veynivara. Anakumbukira nthawi ya utumiki wake asilikali anaonera kuwonetsera mipherezero mlengalenga pa kusonyezedwa Rada. Kenako, anachita nawo monga injiniya ntchitoyo CALDIC (California lotsatira-m'badwo digito kompyuta). Zomwe liwiro ndi kusinthasintha kwa anzake a ntchito ndi makompyuta Anagula yoyendetsa yamphongo ya mayendedwe patsogolo ntchito.

Pa yunivesite ya Berkeley

ntchito Scientific kuti iye ankaona kuposa akukumana zolinga zake. Douglas analandira digiri mbuye (1952) ndiyeno dokotala (1955) okonza magetsi ndi azigwira malo a ntchito wothandizira pulofesa mu University Berkeley ku California. Engelbart amalandira za eni luso dazeni pa zina kuti adzipeza - khola plasma zipangizo digito, zimene iye amaona zigawo zikuluzikulu makompyuta m'tsogolo.

Izo zili m'gulu la ntchito kopitirira yunivesite kumanga kompyuta latsopano. Mfundo zomwe Douglas Engelbart nawo ndi kasamalidwe ndi anzake imaoneka kwambiri kwakukulu ndiponso "chilombo," ndipo iye amakakamizidwa kuti athane ndi ntchito mwangwiro luso pa chipangizo watsopano, pamene woimira chilombo ndi tizilombo nzeru, kudyetsa nambala yaikulu makadi nkhonya.

The Institute Research Stanford

Kukafuna chithandizo cha malingaliro ake, anachoka yunivesite. Mu 1957, pa Institute Stanford Research (SRI - Stanford Institute Research), yomwe ili m'tauni ya Menlo Park m'mphepete mwa San Francisco Bay, limayendetsa ndi gulu sayansi anthu 47, kutsogozedwa ndi Engelbart Duglas amakhala. Zoyambitsidwa yotentha ndi iwo pa zaka zingapo zotsatira, ndi chosintha mu chikhalidwe ndi kwakukulukulu kudziwa kukula kwa makompyuta.

labu ndalama Engelbart anali kuyendetsedwa ndi mzere asilikali US a silikhali mwaukadauloZida Research Ntchito Agency (DARPA). bungweli boma aonetsa chidwi mu lipoti la wasayansi wotchedwa kuchulukitsa Human Wanzeru: A M'chilamulo cilamulo - «Kulimbikitsa nzeru za anthu: dongosolo cilamulo". Bukuli pulogalamu zenizeni za kafukufuku pa kusintha kwa makompyuta.

Woyamba "mbewa"

Iwo anayamba siteji asonyeza ya moyo wa sayansi ya. Kuyambira ndi ntchito pa chitukuko cha zigawo maginito ndi kompyuta miniaturization a kompyuta zipangizo, ndi zasayansi wayamba ndi kafukufuku kwambiri chimango cha polojekiti NLS (pa Intaneti System), bungwe Douglas. Amaphatikiza chitukuko cha dongosolo latsopano opaleshoni ndi ukasintha latsopano dongosolo digito chipangizo kulamulira. Zotsatira wogwirizira ntchito choyezera anali luso chosintha: kuwonetsera polojekiti zithunzi raster cholinga pa mfundo imeneyi, ndi mawonekedwe mawonekedwe, hypertext, zipangizo migwirizano owerenga angapo.

Pa September 9, 1968, ndi nkhani ya onse ya zipangizo zatsopano kwa deta athandizira, amene kunachitidwa ndi Douglas Engelbart, kompyuta yonena zinasinthiratu. Iye anapereka «XY-udindo chizindikiro kwa dongosolo kuwonetsera", analandira dzina mwamwayi pakati pa asayansi mbewa - «mbewa». chipangizo chimenechi chinali bokosi la mitengo opukutidwa ndi pochoka izo ndi waya woonda, zokuzira ndi matayala zitsulo. Pamene muyenda kudzera pamwamba Gome obschityvanie motsatana ndi kutembenukira mawilo zokhudza udindo wa cholozera pa zenera. Zooneka ulamuliro mfundo adalowa mode online, analenga furor.

Kuzindikila

Ngati Douglas udaikidwa kuti akatidzadza ndi kudziwa momwe kopindulitsa kugulitsa zoyambitsa zawo, iye akhala munthu wolemera ngati Bill Gates. Koma iye ndi banja lake kupirira nthawi yovuta, pamene timu unasweka, ntchito pa mizere dipatimenti chitetezo. chopereka Duglasa Karla Engelbart kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo kompyuta wakhala kuyamikiradi okha oyambirira 90 ntchentche wa XX atumwi. Iye anali kupereka mphatso zambiri, wopambana wa maulemu ambiri yapamwamba ndi mphoto.

Anapitiriza kugwira ntchito bwino mpaka imfa yake July 2, 2013, zomwe Pambuyo condolences ambiri osankhidwa ndi osasankhidwa wodzipereka kwa banja, amene anachokera padziko lonse.