Dysgraphia: icho chiri. Dysgraphia ana

Mwina owerenga anakumana ndi mawu akuti "dysgraphia". Kodi izo, kodi izo kumaonekera? Kodi matenda dysgraphia, ndi mmene kuchotsa izo? Mafunso onsewa ife yesani kuyankha m'nkhani ino.

Tanthauzo la matendawa ndi dysgraphia

Mawu akuti "dysgraphia" ndi "matendawa" mankhwala akusonyeza mavuto enieni ndi luso kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Munthu unango Zikatero, pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, sangathe kulemba molondola ndi kuwerenga bwinobwino. Komabe, kuyan'anila awa kusokonezedwa ndi mawu akuti mankhwala agraphia ndi alexia akuimira munthu kulephera lathunthu la wodwalayo mitundu ya zinthu.

Monga ulamuliro, dysgraphia kumafuna chisokonezo pa ntchito apamwamba maganizo, ali ndi udindo luso kulemba. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala cholepheretsa kulemba ndi chinenero.

Zimayambitsa dysgraphia ana

Kulemba kumva maganizo, munthu amayenera kukumbukira kuti yolembera mfundo iliyonse kalata, koma kusunga tanthauzo la mawu ndi kukumbukira ndondomeko ya delimitation awo. Ngati mwana ali ndi matenda mu differentiating phokoso awo katchulidwe, kusanthula kaphatikizidwe, kapena chifaniziro okhudza malo, zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kuyamba kukula kwa dysgraphia.

Ana, mwa zina, kuyan'anila ngati ndipo akhoza chibadwa zotsimikizika. Akatswiri ambiri akuphunzira zimayambitsa vutoli, khulupirirani kuti chitukuko ndi kwambiri kufooketsedwa ndi zinthu pathological kuti zinthu pa mwana m'mimba ndi pambuyo pa kubadwa.

Komanso, zochokera dysgraphia akhoza yaitali matenda somatic ndi zoopsa mutu. Yofunika kwambiri amadziwikanso ankaimba ndi kuchepekedwa kulankhulana wapakamwa mwana, kunyalanyaza wake pedagogical, etc. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mabanja nzeru komanso olembedwa Nthawi zambiri za dysgraphia ana.

Dysgraphia: chiyani komanso momwe yafotokozedwera

A mwana akudwala dysgraphia amakhala ovuta ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko ya kulemba mwatsatanetsatane, zomwe zimabweretsa liwiro kalembedwe deceleration kapena osaphunzira, koma mwachilungamo mofulumira imelo.

Nthawi zina chifukwa cha dysgraphia ndi chisokonezo mphamvu pokonza mfundo zithunzi - ana sichapafupi kumbukirani, kenako kusewera mu kope zimene anaona. Mu zinthu kumene kusiyanitsa atamva phokoso ena, monga pali chisokonezo analemba.

Features maonekedwe dysgraphia

Dysgraphia ana kaŵirikaŵiri zimaonekera zolakwika mu kulemba makalata amene ali mu malo amphamvu, monga lefy m'malo lamanzere, kapena kuchotsa makalata yochepa mawu: Km m'malo amene, etc. Pa nthawi imene ochiritsira masipelo anati mu kulemba makalata amene angathe ofooka: malako m'malo mkaka, etc.

Kuwonjezera:

• mwanayo osati skips makalata ndi syllables, koma rearranges malo awo (mmalo mwa zenera onco);
• akhoza m'malo mawu kufanana kwa cholamitsa;
• Iye ananenanso mawu makalata owonjezera ndi syllables (detiti, Komanata);
• kupotoza chithunzi mwatsatanetsatane za makalata (mwachitsanzo, galasi-kulemba makalata m'ma, e, w);
• Zilibe kusiyanitsa zilembo wophatikizidwa (iye ntchito chimodzimodzi phokoso tsa kapena tsamba mu);
• zolakwa iye anavomereza, ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa nthawi yaitali, popanda anazimiririka ku kuphunzira.

Onse zizindikiro zimenezi ayenera kukhala woyandikana makolo osadziŵa mu dysgraphia awo mwana, nthawi yomweyo kukaonana ndi mawu dokotala.

Mitundu waukulu dysgraphia

Malinga matenda a anasonyeza dysgraphia lagawidwa njira zosiyanasiyana.

Choncho, pali articulatory-lamayimbidwe dysgraphia, kunachitika ndi limakhala wa zvukoproiznosheniya wosinthika. The mwana, monga ulamuliro, mu nkhani iyi, kulemba mawu monga akuti, mwachitsanzo: lyba m'malo mwa nsomba kapena anatha m'malo kubangula.

Dysgraphia lamayimbidwe yodziwika m'malo mwa kulemba zikumveka kuwomba zofanana (d-T, S-m, yakumadzulo-yakumadzulo, etc.). Pa yomweyo kulankhula za mwanayo ndi zolondola.

dysgraphia Agrammaticheskaya akuwonetseredwa mu mavuto ndi mgwirizano mawu. Koma n'zochititsa chidwi kuti izi zimachitika mu kulemba, koma limanena pa nthawi yomweyo mwana molondola. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kulemba popanda kuganizira mtundu uliwonse, palibe imfa: a mayi wabwino kapena msewu. Mwa njira, mtundu uwu kuphwanya kawirikawiri wapezeka mwamsanga kalasi 3, pamene ophunzira anayamba kuphunzira choncho.

Komanso pali dysgraphia kuwala, amene amakhala ndi zithunzi kusanthula mkhutu. The mwana Pankhaniyi pafupifupi sakuona kusiyana pakati pa makalata ndi kulemba zinthu zofanana. Vuto chifukwa C ndi H ^ ndipo R, L, N kapena E ndi G, ndi zina zotero. Mu chimake ichi, makalata pamanja: tsa-T mu-D, L-m, ndi br, neri Al.

Koma kuyan'anila zambiri za kusanthula zinenero kaphatikizidwe. mwana A sangamalize kulemba mawu ndi kulemba prepositions limodzi kapena kuwatonthoza osiyana (ndi kuyenda anatengera), mwadya makalata ndi syllables lonse, musanjenso iwo kapena kubwereza.

Kodi dysgraphia matenda palokha, ndipo kaya chingalepheretse

Tinganene mosakayika, mu kuyankhula za matenda "dysgraphia", si matenda palokha, monga zambiri limodzi ndi mtundu wina wa matenda a ubongo, kumva kuwonongeka, dongosolo locomotor, Makutu kapena zithunzi chowunikira.

Kutheka kuteteza vuto pamwamba - akadali funso lofuna. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kupewa dysgraphia n'zosatheka Mfundo chifukwa mankhwala amakono, palibe Kumvetsa zimayambitsa matenda. Koma mwamtheradi kudziwa chiopsezo ndi dysgraphia weniweni kapena zizindikiro oyambirira asanalowe sukulu, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kwambiri atsogolere nkhondo motsutsa izo.

Iwo amakonda ana ku mabanja nzeru retrained lefthanders, ana kuphwanya kubwezeretsa wailesi, komanso ndende ndi kukumbukira. Izi anyamata ayenera kusonyeza kulankhula ndi dokotala ndiponso kunyamula nawo mayeso wapadera kuti athe kuyamba mwamsanga malangizo n'zotheka.

Kodi Ndizitani ndi dysgraphia

Kudzudzulidwa dysgraphia - ndi koposa zonse, ntchito pamodzi makolo, aphunzitsi ndi oyenerera kulankhula dokotala, monga amayi ndi abambo paokha sangathe kuthetsa vutoli.

Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti ngati mwana matenda kulankhula, ndiye dysgraphia kudzudzulidwa akuyamba ndi katchulidwe kudzudzulidwa!

Makalasi imachitika mu ndikuphunzitsidwa kulankhula mwa dongosolo otukuka. Kuchita izi, ntchito masewera osiyana mawu, ndi zilembo lapadera kwa Dongosolo la mawu ndi zinthu kalembedwe wa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka awo.

Mwanayo kuphunzira ayenera kuphunzira mmene kutchula phokoso ena, ndi zimene makalata opita makalata. Kulankhula amakwaniritsa kuyenda kusiyana pakati pa zolimba ndi zofewa kapena unvoiced ndi anafuulira katchulidwe phokoso, kubwereza mawu, kuwatenga iwo mwachindunji phokoso ndi phokoso Kuganizira zikuchokera anasankha mawu alifabeti, etc.

Nthawi zambiri ana amathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zooneka ndi kuloweza akalumikidzidwa makalata, monga "O" - bagel kapena kukulunga "F" - ndi kachilomboka, "C" - kachigawo.

Dysgraphia: Zochita kuti tikonzedwe

Kuti kuthana ndi vuto la nambala zokambirana zapadera.

1. Mwachitsanzo, mwana linafunsidwa kuonetsetsa zilembo Malemba. Chifukwa lembali anasankha wosangalatsa kwa mwana ndi ochepa ndime, ndi kulisindikiza zikuluzikulu, zimene akufuna kuti awoloke mawu Mwachitsanzo, onse mwa makalata "a", ndiye - kalata onse "O" ndi zina zotero. Masana thupi ili yaikulu zosaposa Mphindi 5. Patapita mlungu umodzi, mukhoza kusokoneza ntchito: mwana anapempha kuonetsetsa ndi 2 makalata, ndi mzere mwa izo ndi kufufuza wina kapena kutsindika. Anasankha "amapasa" makalata, amene mwana kusokoneza polemba (iwo amakhala angapezeke, atamuyesa machitidwe a wophunzira kope lanu).
2. Onetsetsani kuti kutchula kalata ndi mawu, ndi kusamala phokoso limene si kutchulidwa monga kwalembedwa. Ndiko kuti, ife timati, "zitsulo stayal kufshyn" ndi akujambula izi, mwana ayenera amaloweza "Pa tebulo anali mtsuko" (kunena za makalata zinalembedwa). Chinthu chachikulu - musaiwale "mawu" ndipo mapeto a mawu, monga dysgraphia asukulu zambiri amasonyezera mawu nedopisyvaniem mapeto asanafike.
3. Nkofunika kuphunzitsa kulemba. Kuchita izi mu kope mu bokosi ndi mwana kulemba kuti aliyense kalata mawu anaika mu umodzi wokha wa maselo ndipo zili mmenemo onse.

mawu ochepa A za ndondomeko Mazanovoy E. V.

Mwangwiro pofotokoza ntchito ndi ana ndi matenda "dysgraphia" Mazanova EV ntchito zoyenera osiyanasiyana matenda. Pakuti aliyense wa iwo mphunzitsi ndi mawu dokotala wa gulu apamwamba cholinga nkhani ndi zokongola workbooks ndi Albums. The njira wolemba izi ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi akatswiri pa maphunziro othandiza komanso kubweretsa, kuweruza ndi ndemanga, kupambana chogwirika.

Mwachitsanzo, Mazanova nsonga kwa bwino kuloweza njira yeniyeni kupereka ana awo sculpt ku plasticine, kulemba mu mlengalenga, tifufuza ndi mizere ya yomalizidwa, yesani kupeza kusiyana makalata optically ofanana kupeza kalata makamaka pamene ntchito zithunzi angapo pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake, etc.

Koma ngakhale omasuka mwina kupezeka ndi njira zithandize dysgraphia kudzudzulidwa, tikufuna kudzatunga chidwi cha makolo kuti Namkungwi popanda zokambiranazo zonse ndi katswiri ndi mwana akudwala matenda, ndi wodzikweza. Mudzataya nthawi wapatali ndi iyende kochepa!

A ochepa nsonga kwa makolo

Ngati mwana wanu ali dysgraphia, musati anadzudzula iye zolakwa zake, sizipanga yochuluka kulilembanso lemba, mukatero tifika chabe kuyenda njakata mu nzeru zawo, ndipo anakhala mmenemo kusakonda kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Onetsetsani kutamanda mwana wanu aliyense bwino, koma osati overpraise. Komanso, satchula nkhawa amphamvu za vuto zinachitika, kuti kukhala kudziona ngati onyozeka a mwanayo.

Tiyenera matenda a "dysgraphia", ndiko kuti, monga ulamuliro, chikhalidwe chimene akufotokozera bwino zithunzi kukumbukira (monga m'malo a chilema), kotero ana awa ayenera kupereka Zochita kumene mukufuna kukonza zolakwa poyamba. Angathandize mwana "ndi disservice".

Dictations mu Zikatero zinalembedwa pang'onopang'ono, kutchula makalata onse ndi zopumira pamaso kulemba, ndiyeno pa izo.

Kupewa chitukuko cha dysgraphia kufunika asanafike zaka sukulu

Makolo kwambiri kukumbukira kuti dysgraphia ndi matendawa musati mwadzidzidzi! Ndipo ntchito kuthana pathologies awa ayenera kuti azitsatiridwa osati pa zaka sukulu, mwana chikaonekera mavuto enieni ndi galamala ndi kalembedwe, ndi yaitali isanayambe maphunziro.

Ngati mwana ali zambiri misprints ndi zolakwika mu kope, ndipo iye anaphunzira ndi mtima ulamuliro, komabe sangathe ntchito kwa kalata, ayenera kutembenukira kwa ndikuphunzitsidwa kulankhula. Mu phunziro loyamba, iye kudziwa mtundu wa dysgraphia, mbali kumene mwana wake wako, ndi pamenepo pokha kupereka ya Zochita kuthetsa izo.

Kulakwitsa kuti ana amenewa sangathe kugonjetsa popanda kusintha kulikonse wapadera. Konzani izo mwanjira imene anaigwira mwakhama adzafunika mtima ndi kulimbikira kugonjetsa vuto. Zabwino zonse!