Electroplating zitsulo galvanizing: luso, zipangizo

Galvanizing - ogwira ndi mtengo, kotero njira wamba kuteteza zitsulo akakhala ku dzimbiri. Nthawi zambiri ntchito kupanga hardware ndi fasteners, ndi mauna zitsulo.

Njira ntchito ❖ kuyanika nthaka

Anticorrosive galvanizing anachita m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndi moyo utumiki wa ❖ kuyanika zimadalira makulidwe a wosanjikiza atetezeke.

njira ya ❖ kuyanika kumadalira pa katundu kufunika, kukula mankhwala, zinthu zake ntchito zina.

The ambiri kumodzi ndi manufacturable, koma amapereka osakwanira kukana nkhawa makina a wosanjikiza zodzitetezera - ndi ozizira galvanizing kudzera nthaka muli ambiri finely anagawa nthaka ufa.

Ndi buku galvanizing kupanga panambala wosachedwa kuviika galvanizing. ❖ kuyanika analandira mwa njira iyi, mkulu khalidwe ndi cholimba, koma zachilengedwe zolimba kuchokera nthaka Sungunulani ntchito, koma kukhalabe kutentha kwake pang'ono zosakwana 500 ° C amafuna wambirimbiri mphamvu ya magetsi, njira mankhwala kukonzekera pamwamba.

zofanana kwambiri ndi wosachedwa kuviika galvanizing zambiri zamakono, koma molongosoka njira ya ntchito wosanjikiza zoteteza wa mayamwidwe matenthedwe. Izo ntchito pamene anapereka zofuna okwera pa makulidwe ndi akunja ❖ kuyanika malingaliro.

Njira ina galvanizing - ndi kupopera mpweya-ikukhudzana amene ntchito pofuna kuteteza malonda lalikulu ndi nyumba amene sangathe kuyika kusamba.

Galvanizing sadziwa zambiri za kuipa kwa njira zina ❖ kuyanika ndipo ali mbali positive.

Ubwino galvanizing

njira ya ntchito ❖ kuyanika nthaka ndi electrolysis ndi ambiri.

Ubwino waukulu, chifukwa umene galvanically ntchito zitsulo galvanizing, ndi digiri yapamwamba ya chitetezo dzimbiri pamwamba pa nkhaniyo. A wosanjikiza woonda nthaka kumaonjezera moyo utumiki katundu kangapo, choncho kumachepetsa mtengo wa yokonza ndi m'malo.

❖ kuyanika analandira ngakhale popanda zingwe ndi m'malovu anapitiriza mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa zinthu. Ikani n'zotheka zinthu za aliyense, ngakhale akalumikidzidwa zovuta kwambiri.

Yosalala ndi chonyezimira kukongoletsa zokutira musati amafuna nthawi zambiri chithandizo zina.

Komanso, ndondomeko galvanizing sidzatenga ndalama zazing'ono, ndi aggregates galvanic ndi zokolola mkulu.

kuipa galvanizing

njira A kutsatira ❖ kuyanika zoteteza ndi electrolysis si popanda zovuta.

The drawback chachikulu - otsika nthaka guluu wolimba ndi zitsulo, chifukwa chimene padziko mankhwala ayenera bwinobwino kutsukidwa.

The downside ndi mapangidwe mu ❖ kuyanika ndondomeko zinyalala poizoni zofuna kuyeretsa lalikulu.

Kulephera modes zikhoza kudzaza wa zitsulo kholo ndi wa hydrogen, zomwe zimachititsa fragility la mankhwala ndi kusokonezeka kwa khalidwe ❖ kuyanika.

Mfundo ntchito

Galvanizing zachokera pa mfundo za mmene zodzitetezera amene anatsimikiza mtima kusiyana Zoyenereza electrochemical nthaka ndi chitsulo. Monga nthaka ali ndi kuthekera m'munsi electrochemical, izo TACHIMATA ndi chitetezo nsembe zitsulo akakhala. Kuti momwemo poyera mu malo lonyowa wa dzimbiri electrochemical.

Mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa oxides chitsulo anapanga ndi buku wamkulu kuposa zitsulo pachiyambi. The okusayidi filimu amakhala lotayirira napereka kwa sizinathe oxidized zitsulo oxygen. Ndipo nthaka mu filimu makutidwe ndi okosijeni aumbike woonda ndi yaying'ono, zilibe pochitika mu mpweya zitsulo kuteteza osati ❖ kuyanika komanso zitsulo m'munsi pansi.

Mitundu ya galvanizing

Galvanizing plating - luso, kuimira electrolysis, mwachitsanzo njira electrochemical redox mu electrolyte anali mchikakamizo cha zonse magetsi ...

Pa zikuchokera kwa electrolyte nthaka plating lagawidwa mitundu itatu: Asidiyu, soda ndi cyanide.

The njira zambiri ntchito ya ntchito ❖ kuyanika nthaka ndi ofooka acidic electrolytes, makamaka kwa chitsulo ndi zitsulo mbali ya kasinthidwe zovuta. Zamgululi zopangidwa mpweya ndi aloyi steels ndi nthaka ❖ kuyanika poyera zochepa zosayembekezereka wa embrittlement wa hydrogen, ndi maonekedwe kwambiri analandira, ndi kukongoletsa zotsatira zabwino mu osiyanasiyana mitundu.

chitetezo zoonjezera galvanizing

The kanthu kuteteza ❖ kuyanika nthaka zimadalira wochindikala, imene mafunsidwe galvanic 5 microns, ndi chikhalidwe cha electrolyte lapansi.

Nthawi zina, zimatha kuteteza ❖ kuyanika nthaka kumaonjezera passivation, phosphating kapena kupenta.

Passivation (chromating) - mankhwala chithandizo cha mankhwala mu njira asidi chromic kapena salt zake, chifukwa cha zomwe pamwamba anapanga chromate filimu. Zimenezi osati kumawonjezera katundu kuteteza Mitundu ambiri, chifukwa chifukwa cha gloss ❖ kuyanika patsogolo, ndipo akhoza utoto zosiyanasiyana mitundu.

Pamene phosphating (chithandizo acid phosphoric mu salt) kanasonkhezereka mankhwala mu mankwala filimu anapanga pamwamba. Pambuyo phosphating akhoza ntchito utoto.

masiteji galvanizing

Yopanga electroplating galvanizing imakhala njira zingapo, aliyense amene anathetsa kusamba mu madzi mphika kapena kusamba burashi ndi njira.

Choyamba mankhwala mosamala kutsukidwa kwa dzimbiri, lonse, lubricant luso, coolant kapena utoto zatsalira ndi degreased mu njira soda. Ndiye electrolytic degreasing.

Kenako unazokotedwa mu amadzimadzi njira ya acid amathiridwa imene padziko yomaliza kutsukidwa popanda kusokoneza pamwamba wosanjikiza ndi pickling kumachitika - kutsegula asanayambe ntchito ❖ kuyanika nthaka. Only ndiye kubala galvanizing zawo.

Pambuyo pake, ngati n'koyenera, zinafotokozedwa ndi mankhwala oyera a okusayidi filimu mu amadzimadzi nitric asidi njira, kenako phosphating, passivation ndi kuyanika.

ntchito zina angathe kuchitidwa ndi galvanizing mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Mzere ndi kanthu pamaso galvanizing, welded malekezero, zambiri pambuyo wothira mafuta ndi bala.

Zipangizo galvanizing

Magetsi mzere - zinayendera enieni osambira ndondomeko ndi rinsing amene ali mono- kapena multilayer nthaka ❖ kuyanika ndi kufunika katundu zinchito.

Malinga ndi zipangizo kupanga buku ntchito yosiyana madigiri a mechanization. mabizinezi Large anakhazikitsa mizere makina ndi ulamuliro basi. Pali mizere ndi tsankho kapena zonse ulamuliro Buku komanso mini-mzere.

Galvanizing mzere imakhala osati wa ku_kokasamba. Pamafunikanso machitidwe zoyendera machenjerero zosiyanasiyana, zida zina zofunika mankhwala madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito zida wothandiza, womwenso njira galvanizing, zinthu Kutentha, ndi kuzizira kutentha, cathode ndi anode ndodo.

The chowonjezera zikuphatikizapo machitidwe mpweya, makabati kuyanika ndi zida refrigeration, zida fyuluta, kulandira mapampu zida demivody.

Electrolytes kwa galvanizing

Pakuti galvanizing, malingana ndi cholinga cha mankhwala ntchito electrolytes, amene m'magulu ziwiri zazikulu.

Electrolytes limene nthaka ndi mu mawonekedwe a ayoni yosavuta hydrated, wotchedwa asidi yosavuta kumva. Izi fluoboric, sulphate ndi njira mankhwala enaake.

Zovuta Integrated acidic ndi zamchere electrolytes muli nthaka ayoni mu zovuta ndi mlandu zabwino ndi zoipa. ammine ichi, pyrophosphate, cyanide ndi njira zina.

Limene electrolyte umagwiritsidwa, izo zimatengera makamaka pa mlingo mafunsidwe, kenako khalidwe la miyala ya nthaka pa nkhani (za cathode).

Kuyambira electrolytes zovuta nthaka anakaika pa cathode pa kupezeka mkulu wa ayoni. Ndi kukula panopa kachulukidwe zitsulo amachepetsa zipatso ndi kumawonjezera zokolola za haidrojeni.

Choncho galvanizing mu electrolytes zovuta anachita pa kachulukidwe otsika panopa, ndi ❖ kuyanika ndi mkulu kwambiri quality, grained chabwino ndi homogeneous.

Mu ofooka acidic electrolytes yosavuta galvanic nthaka, kunyumba kuphatikizapo, akudutsa pa mkulu osalimba panopa, ndi wamkulu kuposa ntchito njira zovuta ndalama. Maonekedwe a mankhwala analandira zabwino, koma ❖ kuyanika si kwambiri khalidwe ndi abwino okha akalumikidzidwa osavuta mankhwala.

galvanizing

Zopangapanga ndondomeko amapezeka mwachindunji mu kusamba galvanizing wa electrolyte. Iwo mulibe mankhwala wakuda zitsulo, amene anadyetsedwa kudzera maelekitirodi wapadera ndi magetsi (a cathode), ndi nthaka koyera kapena mu mawonekedwe a zigawo mipira odzaza m'zigawo wapadera mauna (anode).

Pa electrochemical anachita mchikakamizo cha magetsi inawadutsa kachulukidwe 1 mpaka 5 A / DM nthaka kusungunuka electrolyte, ndiyeno ayoni ake anakaika pa cathode kupanga plating makulidwe a 4-25 microns.

Kutanthauza ntchito njira imeneyi analandira fasteners (akapichi ndi mtedza) ndi yunifolomu ndi chonyezimira ❖ kuyanika.

Makina mzere galvanizing

Modern galvanizing mzere - ndi mzere makina kwathunthu, amene amachita masitepe onse ❖ kuyanika, kuphatikizapo kuwotcherera ndi degreasing mankhwala khalidwe la ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo kasinthidwe.

mzere Makinawa zambiri imakhala ya osambira zamakono plating, yodziyimira payokha rectifiers, potsegula / katundu thandala, zipangizo zoyendera Zipangizo mpweya, madzi ndi kumaliseche a zimbudzi, chitsulo ndi kukonza makwerero.

Electroplating osambira akhoza kukhala ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo, alimbane ndi mapulasitiki kapena mphira. Modern kusamba, welded ku ma polima pepala ayamba kuchotsa zitini zitsulo. Kusankha malo osambira zinthu zimadalira kapangidwe ndi ndende ya electrolyte ndi kutentha ntchito.

Kulumikizana madzi ndi machitidwe sewerage, ndipo nthawi zambiri kutayidwa pansi osambira mpweya wabwino ndi kupanga ku polypropylene.

Kutalika kwa mzere, anatsimikiza ndi mphamvu ndi miyeso ya osambira galvanic.

Galvanizing chikuchitika ndi mapangidwe madzi zinyalala ndi mkulu wa ndende ayoni heavy. Choncho, Nkhoswe, osasankhidwa, kwatha, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala nthunzi mafunsidwe, ndi njira zina sorption mu muli anapanga ma polima zomangamanga.

Nthaka electroplating kunyumba

Galvanizing anapanga manja awo, iwo amayamba ndi masankhidwe a zipangizo. The electrolyte kungakhale yankho la mankhwala enaake nthaka ndi acid amathiridwa mu madzi otchezedwa. Izi otchedwa soldering asidi, amene nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Amisiri unazokotedwa nthaka mu chidulo sulfuric ndi batire anakonza ZnSO ₄ electrolyte, koma mnjira n'koipa chifukwa anachita umabala kutentha ndi wa hydrogen zachiwawa. The electrolyte Mulimonsemo sayenera precipitate timibulu insoluble mchere.

Koyera nthaka zikhoza kugulidwa ku sitolo ya reagents mankhwala kapena pa wailesi, ndipo akhoza kuwapeza mabatire mchere kapena mafyuzi anasunga ku Soviet Union.

Galvanic kusamba kungakhale galasi kapena chidebe pulasitiki. Yaima kukhazikitsa anode ndi cathode. The anode - mbale nthaka, kumene chikugwirizana ku magetsi "kuphatikiza". Pamene anode, yunifolomu kwambiri ❖ kuyanika pa mankhwala cathode omwe umagwiritsidwa ❖ kuyanika zozitetezera. The anode mwina pang'ono, iwo akhoza adzaikidwa padziko cathode pa mtunda wofanana ndi pamwamba pa nthaka TACHIMATA uniformly ndi imodzi kumbali zonse. Kuti cathode ndi chikugwirizana "opanda" mphamvu zoyendetsera.

Ngakhale pamene kunyumba anapanga galvanizing plating luso kwenikweni monga mokwanira kuyeretsa ndi degreasing mbali, komanso kutsegula ake mu njira ndi acid.

Mphamvu Wonjezerani - izi ndi batire la galimoto ndi incandescent nyali mphamvu otsika kapena ogula ena dera kuti panopa mu dera anali pansipa kapena magetsi ndi voteji zonse pa linanena bungwe. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kuti palibe kuwira mofulumira electrolyte pa galvanizing lapansi.

Kwenikweni galvanizing kumachitika pamene anode ndi cathode zasiyidwa pa electrolyte ndi dera magetsi chatsekedwa. The kugaya, ndi thicker ndi nthaka wosanjikiza analandira pa mankhwala.

Ndi galvanizing ❖ kuyanika zoteteza pa mankhwala amakhala yeniyeni, yunifolomu osalala, ndi zotsatira zokongoletsera. Izo ntchito onse makampani ndi kunyumba, ngakhale kuti zimatenga madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ku zinyalala zachilengedwe woopsawo.