Femtosecond laser: maonekedwe, mitundu, mbali ntchito ndi ndemanga

Tiyeni tikambirane lero mmene laser femtosecond. Kodi mfundo zikuluzikulu za ntchito yake ndi momwe bwino kukonza masomphenya?

chiphunzitso Bohr a

Pamene m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, sayansi zafika pamlingo kuti akhoza kuyang'ana mu kapangidwe ka atomu wamkulu watsopano malangizo - kwadzidzidzi sayansi. Ntchito yoyamba inali kudziwa ndi chifukwa ma elekitironi pang'ono musalekane pa phata katundu atomu. chiphunzitso Previous zochokera maikwezhoni Maxwell a ankaona kuti mlandu uliwonse avundulidwe limatulutsa munda Choncho, wotaya patsogolo. Motero, elekitironi akusuntha mu kanjira mozungulira phata ayenera mosalekeza limatulutsa ndipo kenako amagwa phata la. Boron adafotokoza amakhulupirira kuti ma elekitironi mu maatomu kokha pa mtunda ena ku likulu, ndi kusintha kwa mlingo wina ndi mzake limodzi ndi umuna wa kapena mphamvu mayamwidwe. Chiphunzitsochi patapita kufotokoza za kwadzidzidzi sayansi. Pamaso pa milingo n'kupuma elekitironi watsegula njira Kutulukira zimenezi, laser (a femtosecond m'gulu).

zapansi ongolankhula a laser ndi

Pamene asayansi kumvetsa dongosolo atomu, iwo ankafuna kuphunzira kusamala boma la elekitironi lapansi. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, ndi elekitironi, amene pazifukwa zina ndi mkulu mlingo wa maatomu, amafuna kudzaza milingo m'munsi, ngati ali ndi ufulu. Mu mphamvu yosintha ndi ankalankhula mu mawonekedwe a fotoni kuwala, kapena fotoni. Koma kusintha pakati pa milingo ziwiri amalenga osiyana kuwala quanta. Koma ngati ma elekitironi ambiri kudzalimbikitsa imodzi kuchokera apamwamba mlingo m'munsi, kudzakhala mtsinje wa kuchuluka photons zofanana. Mapulogalamu a otaya izi osatha. Mwachitsanzo, femtosecond laser mathithi amachotsa. The doped yttrium rube anapezeka mlingo wa otchedwa anthu inversion, pamene ma elekitironi m'posavuta kuti kusonkhana pa mlingo lalitali, ndiye tonse palimodzi kupita m'munsi. The Gawo la laser zotsatirazi:

• ntchito madzimadzi (a mankhwala amene ali ndi mlingo kukalowa anthu);
• ikukoka (gwero umene "induces" ma elekitironi kudziunjikira pa mlingo osiyanitsidwa);
• ndi resonator mu mawonekedwe a kalirole awiri kufanana (iwo anaikira yekha photons amene amayambira ku mbali imodzi, ndi ena onse atabalalika).

Chifukwa linanena bungwe zimachitika akhoza kukhala mosalekeza kapena apawokha. laser Femtosecond Mwachitsanzo, limabweretsa mtundu wachiwiri.

Yaying'ono, nano, femto

Onse a mtima amenewa akuimira mbali ya lonse. Milli - ndi masauzande gawo chilichonse, monga mita. Ie millimeter - ndi 10 ^-3 m. Manambala oyambirira femto zikutanthauza kuti chinachake akulemera, kapena umachokera mu nthawi 10 ¹⁵ kakang'ono kuposa wina. Motero, laser femtosecond ali aafupi kwambiri zimachitika. Aliyense zoyenera chachiwiri zidutswa ^{15 October} nyemba. N'chifukwa chiyani kufunika watanthauzo ang'ono? chakuti mphamvu laser zimadalira nthawi yaitali bwanji ma elekitironi ali anapeza mlingo osiyanitsidwa. Ndi mosalekeza lasers mphamvu m'badwo akhoza kukhala mkulu. Koma wamfupi kusiyana lililonse zimachitika, ndi apamwamba zokolola. njira zambiri yaitali, ndi cholinga chachikulu cha chotero yochepa zimachitika si noticeable. Kulandira dongosolo zikuwoneka ngati laser mosalekeza. Mu nkhani iyi, Mgwirizano wa mtengo linanena bungwe ndi mphamvu ndi apamwamba kwambiri.

mathithi

Ng'ala - ndi clouding disolo. Munthu amene akufotokozera chotero chilema cha view, sangakhale kwakuti: chitukuko cha maso pa nsonga ya masomphenya mwana si chakhungu. Koma ngati turbidity kumachitika pakati pa mandala, simungathe zindikirani chifooke view n'zosatheka. The chikuchititsa mavuto a kusintha mu maso ake anayi:

• cheza zoipa mlingo waukulu;
• zoopsa ku mutu kapena diso yokha;
• shuga;
• kwambiri maganizo.

Thupi chifukwa cha munthu - mapuloteni opezeka maso akuyamba kunyoza, apasuke. Zimenezi amatchedwa mapuloteni denaturation. Mu nkhani ya mandala a chiwonongeko sizingasinthe. Poyamba, anthu okalamba ndi maso zoyera amadalira kotheratu achibale awo chifukwa iwo anali akhungu. Tsopano Komabe, matenda akhoza bwinobwino ankachitira.

Chithandizo ndi opaleshoni mathithi

Anatinso chithandizocho zimatanthauza kulowelera mu thupi la munthu kuti popanda kuphwanya umphumphu wake: zilonda zapakhosi mankhwala mankhwala ndi tiyi, kudula chala - mafuta ndi nsalu.

Koma mu nkhani iyi, ndi kwakukulu mankhwala - opaleshoni. Bwinobwino ndi mawu limeneli mabala, sutures, amene nthawi yaitali kuchiritsa, zowawa ndi imfa ya moyo wabwinobwino. Pankhani ya opaleshoni mathithi sayenera kuchita mantha, chifukwa ang'ambe thupilo ndi kawirikawiri amakhala aang'ono kwambiri, 2-3 mm, palibe Mitsempha sanadulidwe, ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo.

Magawo a ntchito:

1. mwana wa diso ndi anaesthetized ndi madontho wapadera.
2. Iris ang'ambe thupilo (ang'ambe thupilo zosaposa 3 mm m'litali).
3. Disolo ndi anaikapo chipangizo wapadera.
4. chipangizo otembenuka mandala wakale emulsified.
5. The emulsion ndi mawere.
6. Ife yatsopano yokumba zofewa mandala.
7. chida amatengedwa kwa diso.

ndondomeko kumatenga mphindi 15, kenako munthu akhoza kupita kunyumba yekha.

Ndi pa siteji ya kusintha kwa disolo wakale emulsified ntchito laser femtosecond. Pochiza matenda a maso amadziwa ndi chitsanzo china cha ntchito lasers - malangizo a myopia ndi astigmatism. Koma ili ndi nkhani chosiyana.

Ubwino lasers mankhwalawa ng'ala

Pomwepo kuitana drawback chimodzi - njira imeneyi ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Komabe, m'mbali zina zonse izo bwino kuposa njira m'mbuyomu. Malinga ndi ndemanga, nsalu zochepa zowonongeka azinga mandala, ndidzadutsa kutembenuka mu emulsion ndi, ang'onoang'ono kukula kwa particles chifukwa, ngati ntchito mu ntchito femtosecond laser. Reviews ntchito imeneyi ndi zabwino zochokera odwala ndi kwa madokotala.

Tanena kale kuti ntchito lasers kusintha ndi myopia. Komabe, mpaka posachedwapa, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana anamugwiritsa ntchito imeneyi, ndi chithandizo cha ng'ala. Wodwala ndicho chinthu chachikulu - khalidwe la opareshoni, koma chipatala kuti ntchito ngati angakonde timathera zida ndalama kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, afunkha Victus femtosecond laser: zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ntchito atatu osiyana. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusintha zoikamo.