French Kudziteteza ku Chess: a kusanthula mwachidule magulu a

French chitetezo otchedwa theka-lotseguka, monga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu akuyamba chimachititsanso e4 - e6, kumene Black Kodi chisakhale kutsegula midzi ya asilikali awo. Ntchito yaikulu ndi kukonzekera m'mizinda kuteteza d5 pa iwonso chachiwiri. Bakuman ikutchedwa pambuyo gulu la osewera French anapambana pa otsutsa ku England mu machesi kusewera kudzera m'makalata. Pakali pano, chitetezo French kwambiri kuphunzira ndi ntchito machesi kwambiri kwambiri oyenerera.

Kuopsa waukulu wakuda adzakhala olekanitsidwa malo c8 bishopu. Izi zinagwira vutolo m'malo mwa adani ndi: White ayenera kukhala kufuna kwawo ndi kuteteza unkayenera kuti ndiyesere kugwirizana ake anafooka msinga ndi.

French chitetezo. Zosintha

Pali zingapo debuts yaikulu, komanso nthambi awo, anaphunzira mosamalitsa ndi ayambe gululo lonse la grandmasters pamwamba ndi Chess theorists choncho. Choyamba kusuntha wakuda ofooka mfundo f7, koma mongoyembekezera kusokonezeka pa mzere pakati. The malangizo njira zachokera pa kwakukulu wakuda chuma kuukira c5 - f6 pambuyo woyera mawonekedwe kutsogolo amphamvu pakati, ndiyeno vuto ntchito yomanga anawonongedwa. Ndi ofunika kwambiri kulimbikitsa kuukira kwa machesi choyamba chimachititsanso 20.

Yankho kuti ndi kupatsana

White zina ndikufuna wosalira malo kapena kusewera ndi chiyani, kotero masewera ngakhale ngakhale kuti osayamba amakhala ndi kutsogolera kochepa. Black yopindulitsa njirayi, bishopu awo pa c8 amapereka lalikulu msewu. Pezani iwo kupambana pa chipani kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri. Pali nthambi ziwiri kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, kumene White mukhoza kupeza kanthu chachikulu, ngati wakuda si yake ndi bwino kuyankha kuukira g6 njovu.

dongosolo Nimzowitsch

Malinga ndi malipoti ena ichi ndiye chiyambi izo anachita 1620 ndi Chitaliyana Chess player Dzhoakino Greko ngakhale pamaso kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wabweza dzina pano. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII izo anayamba kugwira Louis Paulsen, koma kusanthula zonse za udindo zimenezi Aron Nimtsovich. Grandmaster ananena kuti e5 kusuntha chikundikakamiza chitukuko zomveka a kavalo ndi chipani yachifumu mwina akuchedwa mapangidwe phiko lonse. Nimzowitsch pano anawonjezera kuti kulanda lingathe pomenyana ndi d5 e6 kufooketsa zina malo a chitetezo cha wakuda pakati.

Komabe, zochita za zoyera otsiriza anayamba kutaya patsogolo. Zimenezi zimathandiza otsutsa bungwe coherent ndi proactive chitetezo kuukira. Ikani mu udindo uwu wa chipani chimodzi kovuta kwambiri. Pali nthambi zambiri kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ichi, kulengedwa ndi ambuye otchuka Chess:

• Tatseka anapitiriza Nimzowitsch,
• njira B. Steinitz,
• Paulsen kuukira
• malo Euwe neri Al.

dongosolo Tarrasch

White kwenikweni amakana nkhondo pakati, kupanga kusuntha Knight kwa D2, ndipo d4-chuma ndi opanda chisamaliro. mchitidwe uwu amaswa malamulo a kanjedza, monga woyera mdima-mbali zonse bishopu ndi otsekeredwa mu kumbuyo wake. Komabe, yomanga zipangitsa kudalirika mu malo a pakati pa munda.

Wotchuka German theorist Siegbert Tarrasch Chess mobwerezabwereza ndi bwinobwino ankaimba mabuku a French Kudziteteza kwa White, kotero kuti anatchulidwa mu njira mutu. Amachita zaka, komanso likufanana ndi Anatoly Karpov V. Korchnoi, kumene woyamba sangapambane masewero limasonyeza kuti Black akhoza mwakufuna malo a Inde 3 ... c5! Chifukwa Karpov ankaimba kavalo osati D2, ndi C3. Zimenezi alinso ambiri nthambi.

Dongosolo L. Paulsen

Zimenezi si logwirana c1 bishopu, ndi Knight pa queenside ndi mwachangu osauka, podzimangirira kuthamanga yokwanira pakati wakuda. Robert Fisher, dzina lake Aleksandr Alehin ndi Vasily Smyslov zambiri agwiritsa ntchito udindo uwu ndi bwino anayamba zifaniziro zawo. Black ali awiri chakudya yaikulu - b4 njovu kapena kavalo f6. Penapake zochepa ndi njira kakulidwe a chitetezo woyera anayamba kusuntha chuma c5.

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kupitiriza Paulsen dongosolo, imene inkatchedwa "zosinthika Vinovera» (1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. C3 b4). Amaona wotchuka kwambiri tsiku. mabuku Lina limanena chopereka chachikulu kwa kusanthula kuwonekera koyamba kugulu izi Botvinnik ndi A. Nimzowitsch - anthu kuwononga khama mu chitukuko cha malangizowo.

Black akufuna mwachangu patsogolo akapolo awo pa mapiko ferzevnom pambuyo bwinobwino kugwirizana woyera Knight C3. Chitetezo wa chipani ofooka ndi kuukira pa kingside wa - ntchito yaikulu azungu. Botvinnik ankaganiza kuti French chitetezo kwa Black mu Kusinthaku izi zikuchitika. Malinga ndi iye, chitetezo ndi lakuthwa zokwanira, ali counterchances kuti negate mwayi osayamba la White, ngakhale kuti ali ndi ufulu ndipo mabishopu awiri yogwira. The downside misampha pokhala kawiri akapolo pa mzere "c". Black podziwa mosavuta kuwononga ntchito kugwedezeka c5 - c4.

French chitetezo - masewera theka-lotseguka, ndipo izo ziyenera anasankha osewera mtima amene amadziŵa kuona kufooka kwa mdani wanu udindo ndi nthawi kauntala.