Gafur Ghulam: yonena ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi

Gafur Ghulam - ndakatulo ndi wolemba, ndi mokhudza womenya ubwenzi, kukondwa ndi mtendere pakati pa mitundu. ndakatulo yake, nthano, mabuku ndi ndakatulo m'zinenero zoposa 30, ndipo pa "zoipa" anaseka pafupifupi nzika Soviet.

Gafur Ghulam: yonena

Ndakatulo kubadwa m'banja losauka m'mphawi pa April 27 (malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, 10 May) mu likulu la Uzbekistan, 1903 - Tashkent. Gafur Ghulam (dzina lenileni), ngakhale chiyambi chake, komanso anthu onse a m'banja, kusiyana ndi zauzimu mkulu ndi kulemba. Atate Mirza Ghulam Arif anali bwino kuwerenga mwamuna, ndipo iye analemba ndakatulo. Mukimi, Furkat, Khislat anali alendo kawirikawiri kunyumba kwawo.

Pamene mayi wa ndakatulo Tash Bibi, iye, ngati mwamuna wake, anali sanyalanyaza ndakatulo ndi nkhani imene. Ndiyamika kulemba makolo kwa ana a banja mwamsanga kuwerenga. Ngakhale ndili mwana Gafur Ghulam kuwerenga Chifasi ntchito za Alisher Navoi, Saadi ndi Hafiz. Mnyamata wina mwangozi analemba ndakatulo yake yoyamba ndiponso anasonyeza mayi chimene mkaziyo anati, onetsetsani kukaonana ndi kusonyeza talente ndi bambo ake.

Imfa ya breadwinner ndi

Mu kugwa kwa 1912 bambo ake Ghulam Aka anabwerera kunyumba kale kwambiri kuposa masiku. kugunda wake malungo ndi thupi lake kutenthedwa. Tash Bibi anaika mwamuna wake kukagona, acimbadzoza odwala nkhosa mafuta, ndi kumwa otentha mankhwala tiyi. Usiku mamuna kutsamwa ndi kutsokomola kwambiri. Dokotala sikunali kotheka kuti sizinali mu mahalla lapansi. Matendawa zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti mu nyumba yakale ili madambowa, wakhala achinyezi. Patapita masiku angapo, banja anataya mutu wa banja, ndi ana asanu ndi amasiye. The wamkulu pa nthawi anali ndi zaka 9 ndipo wamng'ono - miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Kenako Gafur Ghulam kukamuuza izo zonse kumbukirani ndakatulo, kulira kwa mayi ake, amene kumanzereku zinalembedwa kuti dziko mwamuna 44 wazaka:

"... The tsitsi lakuda pa nsidze wanga uja.
Mtima wanga uli ndi chisoni, chimwemwe mwa chamanyazi,
Ngati mudzapempha zimene zinachitika kwa ine - I adzayankha:
- kupatulidwa zipatso kudya Ine ndiri ... "

Koma vuto sanatisiye banja posachedwa anafa ndi mayi ake. Ndipo Gafoor akuyamba besprizornichat. Ndinayesa lokha zosiyanasiyana kudzinenera. Iye anavomereza kuti kunyumba ana. Ndinali kugwira ntchito mu shopu yosindikiza monga typesetter ndi analembetsa mphunzitsi maphunziro.

Buku loyamba womkanikizawo ndi banja zoipa

Mu 1919, atamaliza maphunziro maphunziro mphunzitsi maphunziro, Gafur Ghulam zikuchoka ntchito pa sukulu. mphunzitsi osati anaphunzitsa ana, komanso anapita m'madera ena misonkhano ndi anzathu.

Magawowa wamasiye moyo Man, abale amakwatira iye. Palibe anamvetsera resistances Man, ndipo posakhalitsa ankaimba ukwati wosafuna ndi mtsikana wa mahalla wapafupi. Posachedwa Kholida anabadwa mwana wamkazi, koma banja linatha.

Wolemba ndakatulo mutu wake analowa zochita za anthu ndi zilandiridwenso. Amene anadziwa mavuto a moyo wamasiye, Gafur Ghulam kukhala wa bungwe la polimbana alibe pokhala mu dziko. Mu 1923 anaikidwa kukhala mkulu wa sukulu yogonera komweko. Namasiku, pakhomo la 15 establishments anali amasiye, zinalembedwa ndakatulo kuti patapita kanthawi anakhala buku loyamba m'nyuzipepala.

ana wolemba

MOYO SULI kuima, Gafur amagwirizana ndi magazini ambiri, anakumana ndi anthu osiyana kulenga, olemba. Ndipo iye agwa m'chikondi ndi mmodzi wa alongo a wolemba wamng'ono Mukhitdin Hayrullaeva - Muharram. M'dzinja 1931 okonda pogwirizanitsa malo awo, monga kunapezeka, muyaya. Young anali zovuta mawu tsiku ndi tsiku, koma mkazi wamng'ono anali wantchito wabwino ndi mwamuna wake wolemekezedwa anamasulidwa ku mavuto m'banja. Iye ankadziwa kufunika ntchito yake.

Banja wochezeka ya ana unayamba kuonekera.

Woyamba - Ulugbek Guliamov - anabadwa mu 1933, pa October 1. Iye anagwira ntchito ngati mkulu wa Institute of Physics nyukiliya, lolingana membala wa Academy of Sciences ndi wasayansi nyukiliya wa USSR. Iye anafa mu 1990, pa March 15.

Patapita zaka zisanu, mu 1938, panali msungwana wamng'ono Olmos anakhala mtolankhani.

Mirza Abdul Qadir Guliamov (komanso mwana wamkulu, maphunziro nyukiliya sayansi) anabadwa mu 1945, pa 17 February. Iye anali membala wa Academy of Sciences la Uzbekistan, mkulu wa Institute of Physics dzuwa, ndipo kenako, kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2005, woyamba mtumiki chitetezo wamba wa Republic of Uzbekistan.

1947 zinali zodzaza ndi maonekedwe a mwana wina - Hondamir, amene anadzakhala wazambiriyakale.

Mu 1950 iye anabadwa mwana wamng'ono - Toshhon kuti Gafur dzina lake pokumbukira mayi ake. Toshhon kukhala sadachita manyazi ndi makolo ake ndi kuyenda kwa banja wotchuka. Iye anakhala zamoyo ndi digiri ake digirii.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti mwana ku ukwati wake woyamba Kholida asanalowe m'banja lake nakhala m'nyumba ya atate wake.

chilengedwe

Ndakatulo ndi prose luso wolemba - ndi chimake cha mbiri ya anthu Chiuzibeki. Iwo adapanga mavuto onse a moyo ndi chimwemwe. A mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mabuku Uzbekistan ankaimba Gafur Ghulam ntchito zolembedwa mu nthawi unawonongedwa. Pali anthu ochepa omwe anatsala chidwi ndi chilengedwe chake, "Inetu ndine Myuda," "Kudikira iwe, mwana wanga," ndipo "Inu simuli wamasiye."

Pankhondo ndakatulo Gafur Ghulam anadzazidwa ndi maganizo ndi malingaliro a anthu omwe ayamba manja. Ndipo pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndakatulo wake mwadzaza maganizo ndi mtima maganizo a anthu amene nthawi ina kulimbikitsa mtendere padziko lapansi. Choncho, pambuyo nkhondo ndakatulo - kupitiriza usilikali, ndipo anasonyeza Mmasiku awiri ovuta amaoneka 2 ndakatulo: "Kumbukirani, mukuyembekezera Mama" ndi "Phwando la opambana."

maulemu

ntchito zake zimayamba ku imodzi mwa Mabaibulo a magazini "Maorif Ukituvchi Islands" mu 1923. Izo mu buku lino, kuti anali m'gulu Gafur Ghulam. Mphotho ntchito zolembalemba, analandira patapita nthawi yaitali. Mu 1946, wolemba ndakatulo amakhala wopambana wa Stalin Prize. Pambuyo wina 3 Order la Lenin, 2 - Red mbendera ya Labor (1939 ndi 1963.), "baji Ulemu" ndi mendulo ambiri. Pa ndakatulo lomaliza linalembedwa mu 1970 analandira Lenin Prize (atamwalira).

Gafur Ghulam, "chenjerero osoka" (chidule)

Ntchito zambiri zakhala zoyenera ana. Wotchuka kwambiri ndipo unali wopambana buku "chenjerero osoka" ( "shum Bola" 1936-1962 gg.), Kodi ngwazi auza nkhani ya moyo movutika.

The mnyamata anathawa kunyumba kwawo kwa azakhali ake pambuyo mayi wake kulangidwa chifukwa cha kuchotsa malonda m'nyumba. Koma ngakhale pano, Pambuyo kulephera: mwangozi iye anapha bambo ake, zinziri, ndipo anachoka pa nyumba iyi. Choncho anayamba moyo hobo wake, limene limatiuza owerenga.

Ndipotu, mankhwala a "chenjerero osoka" - ndi nkhani ya wolemba mwana. Nkhani ya mmene, wamasiye, iye anali m'mawa mpaka madzulo akungoyendayenda m'misewu yafumbi ya Tashkent, osati msasa kunja ndi mtima wonse anatenga mwayi uliwonse kuti apeze ndalama zoonjezera.

Koma zosangalatsa zopeka ndi kuganiza sizidzatha anachita wosamvera mnyamata ngati lodziwika bwino Nasreddin - Chiuzibeki folklore ngwazi. Iwo utoto wovutitsa nthabwala. Mmenemo muli mawu, miyambi, m'mafanizo. The protagonist wamoyo kudzera m'maganizo amayang'ana pa dziko "mwa kuchenjera kuseka stoklyshki".

Wolemba anali lolunjika maganizo wopulupudza ndi zochitika, kusonyeza boma lamkati la maganizo. Onse amene akufotokozedwa mu nkhani iyi: zochitika, zinthu izi ndi zimene lozungulira ngwazi - analengedwera kwa kutseguka kwa akuchuluka malingaliro a mwamuna wamng'ono.

Nyumba Museum

Icho chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1983. Pezani exposures asanakhale ndi zinachitika kawiri. Mu 1988 ndi 1998 m'nyumbayi zipangizo anali kudzadza ndi umboni watsopano wa kutchuka ndi kufunika a ndakatulo iyi ndi ntchito yake. Director of nyumbayi - mwana wa wolemba Olmos Gafurovna.

Iwo lili ziwiri storey Nyumbayi, kumene kuchokera 1944 mpaka 1946 anakhala ndi ntchito ndakatulo Gafur Ghulam. Mu makoma ake nyumba nyumba owonetsera zakale chikumbutso mabuku kufotokoza.

maholo atatu a pansi woyamba zoyenera moyo ndi waukulu nthawi kulenga a ndakatulo iyi. 1 ndi zipinda 2 kuwauza alendo za ubwana ndi unyamata wa countryman wotchuka, kukhala naye wolemba ndakatulo ndipo, ndithudi, kutchuka kwa amene wapeza ndakatulo mu nthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Tikuyankhula zokhudza ndakatulo wotchuka "Simuli wamasiye" ndi buku "chenjerero osoka", linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri.

nthandala Special amene anaika pa pansi, amatiuza za ntchito ndi pomasulira ntchito academician. Chipinda otsiriza kusonyeza kuzindikira ndi chikondi cha m'dzikolo. Polemekeza Gafur Ghulam dzina lake okwerera sitima siteshoni (Tashkent), owonetsera zakale (Kokand), zimene ndakatulo wapanga Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa nyumba osiyana, malo zosangalatsa (Tashkent) ndi mmodzi wa mabuku yaikulu mabuku Uzbekistan. Lilinso ndi zipangizo ndi 90- ndi 95 chaka lokumbukira kubadwa kwake, lomwe chimagwiritsidwa yokondwerera dziko lakwawo.

Chikumbukiro zovuta ili pa nsanja yachiwiri. Office, zosangalatsa chipinda ndi pabalaza chete ena katundu wa m'nyumba wolemba ndakatulo wa. Mu laibulale mungapeze ntchito ndi autographs wake ndi mabuku Gafur Ghulam monga mphatso kwa olemba anzawo.

Museum Address: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent mzinda, street Arpapaya, 1 (chikhomo - Music Mukimi zisudzo pafupi Besh-Agach). Inayambira maola - tsiku lililonse ku 10:00 kuti 17:00. Tsiku kutali - Lolemba.

lero

Park "Gafoor Ghulam" mu Tashkent (chithunzi pansipa) - mmodzi wa yaikulu m'dera mu Uzbekistan, idagonjetsedwa 1967, pomanga Chilanzar. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo ankakonda holide osati anthu wamba, komanso alendo ndi alendo likulu.

Mu chilimwe, zobiriwira, oyera komanso anali paki inasanduka zone kupulumutsidwa ku dzuwa kwa fidgets pang'ono.

Pa chikondi chomwecho paki "Gafur Gulyam" mu Tashkent? Ana - pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana zokopa, kusangalala ndi mpweya osasamala; anthu achikulire - chifukwa kuzizira akubwera kuchokera m'nyanja, ndi pa mthunzi wa mitengo zaka pafupifupi; mabanja pokopeka ndi mayi wamng'ono - chifukwa ngodya chete ndi zachinsinsi.

Kodi chidwi ndi paki?

• A Zoo ang'ono ndi Ferris gudumu.
• zokopa Modern ana ndi akulu pa mitengo yotsika mtengo.
• Chilimwe cafe ndi nyanja yaikulu, kumene m'chilimwe mukhoza kutenga kukwera pa maboti ndi catamarans.

Council alendo ndi alendo: zosangalatsa paki wotchedwa "Gafur Ghulam" Ndi bwino pitani pa mlungu pamene akumeneko kuntchito. Mlungu kwa kuyendera zokopa kuyima pansi dzuwa mu queues lalikulu.

Park Address: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, St. m. "Ulugbek", Chilonzor Avenue Bunyodkor, 21.

Polongosola mwachidule

Kuwonjezera ntchito yake zolembalemba, Ghulam Gafur kuchita yomasulira ntchito Chiuzibeki Lermontov a, Nazim Hikmet, Shakespeare, Pushkin, Dante, Griboyedov ndi Beaumarchais.

Kumene, Gafur Ghulam - umunthu yowala kwambiri Chiuzibeki mabuku, wasiya chidwi ndi chizindikiro pa moyo wa munthu aliyense amene wawerenga imodzi mwa ndakatulo wake kapena nkhani.