Vasily Katchalov - kutsogolera wosewera wa Moscow Art Theater

Wosewera Vasily Kachalov wodziwika mu dziko zisudzo komanso Leonardo da Vinci mu zojambulajambula. Iye ophatikizidwa zonse ndi kuti lero timatcha luso Soviet wojambula. Chithunzi buku, iye sanaphunzire akuchitira, akusangalala zidzasintha wowoneka chithumwa.

imachokera

11.02.1875, mu Vilna (ano Vilnius) m'banja la wansembe Ioanna Shverubovicha, abbot wa mpingo wa Orthodox, mwana wachitatu atabadwa. Zinali Vasiliy Kachalov. Wambiri wosewera anafotokoza V. Ya. Vilenkinym, amene analankhula za wojambula mwanayo tsogolo waluntha. Bambo anabwera kuchokera olemekezeka Chibelarusi, mayi ake anali Polish ndi mizu Chilituyaniya. Banja anakonza maphunziro nkhanza sukulu, mwana wa Basil anawakwapula zolakwa. Kuwonjezera abale awiri aja, m'badwo kusiyana zomwe zinali zaka 10-15 kenako, atsikana awiri anabadwa: Sonya ndi Sasha. Iwo anali wamasiye oyambirira ndi zaka 26 ndakhala ndiri pansi pa tutelage a V. Kachalov, amene ankakhala moyo palimodzi.

The mnyamata maphunziro yapamwamba 1 sukulu ya galamala, amene imodzi ndi maphunziro F. E. Dzerzhinsky. Chotengeka ndi bambo ake amene anachita utumiki ndi luso lalikulu ndi pathos mu mawu ake, iye anakwera kuti nduna ndi chinkhoswe mu declamation. Great kuganiza Iye anapanga ntchito ya "The Chiwanda" vilnenskogo zisudzo, amene anatsimikiza zizolowezi zake. Pa sukulu ya galamala dormitory powonekera, iye, pokhala grader chimodzi, anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu wake mu ntchito ya Inspector General, nthawi yomweyo anakhala wotchuka m'deralo. Ndiyeno panali udindo ndi Nozdryov Podkolosina chilakolako kwenikweni kwa zisudzo m'deralo. Komabe, mnyamatayu anapita kuchita St. Petersburg University mu mapazi a m'bale wake wamkulu Anastas, kusonyeza chimene chimatanthauza kukhala ophunzira. Vasiliy Ivanovich Kachalov kusiya nyumba makolo 1894-m.

Yambani akuchita ntchito

Kulembetsa m'sukulu chilamulo, mnyamatayo nthawi yomweyo amakhala nawo mu gulu sewero ndi kufanana amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yonse ku Alexandria Theatre. Kuchokela pamawu a mfumu za wosewera M. I. Pisareva amayesedwa ngati Valero Moliere "The Miser" mu zisudzo (motsogoleredwa ndi E. Karpov), adalandira madalitso siteji ndi kuzindikira talente zilipo. Dramatics Vasiliy Kachalov (chithunzi ali mwana limaoneka m'nkhani) ndaphunzira wosewera kwambiri V. N. Davydova amene anatsogolera pa nthawi wophunzira zisudzo club. kupambana koyamba udindo Neschastlivtseva (AI Ostrovsky "Forest"), imene 1895 anapereka kwa anthu. Ankakuwa VN Davydov adasonkhana ndi talente wamng'ono.

Pa 21, mnyamata kale kukhala katswiri wosewera Suvorinsky zisudzo ndi malipiro 50 rubles. Posankha mgwirizano A. S. Suvorin analimbikitsa kusintha dzina Vasily Ivanovich Shverubovich zambiri zogwirizana. Choncho wosewera anaonekera dzina lakuti imene iye zodziwika mdziko lonse. Mnyamata bwinobwino ophatikizana ntchito yake katswiri maphunziro, ngakhale zilandiridwenso ndi bohemia moyo kwathunthu analandidwa. Koma ntchito ndi Suvorin (ankaimba iwo 35) tabadwa sewero lanthabwala ndi khalidwe vaudeville, kotero malangizo a V. N. Davydova wosewera amapita ku chigawo, n'kusiya yunivesite patatha zaka zinayi kuphunzira.

Provincial pa

Kamodzi luso wazamalonda M. M. Borodayu, zaka 2 ndi miyezi 6 Vasily Katchalov anachita mizinda iwiri, kulankhula Saratov ndi Kazan. Iye amakonda ntchito, kusewera nthawi imeneyi za maudindo 250. Mu zaka 23, iye walenga fano la Cassius la Shakespeare "Yulii Tsezare," analandira agwirizana kutchulidwa. Amaonetsa kugunda maonekedwe a wosewera kuti: kukula apamwamba (185 cm), watsala woonda ndi wotumbululuka, koma mwangwiro katswiri thupi. Wosewera kukhala wochitachita mu manja ndi amazipanga yaitali chikhalidwe cha zala zake. Koma chuma chachikulu chinali mawu ake wokongola. Sonorous Tenala yotsika kwenikweni alodzedwa atakhala mu holo.

Pambuyo waluntha Shakhovsky udindo "Mfumu ya Fyodor" ndi kulenga mwa likulu la Moscow Art Theatre (chaka cha 1898), anayamba kulota wa gawo lalikulu. Mu Kazan, anakumana mkazi wake, Ammayi Nina Litovtseva (Levestam), amene anali wophunzira wa Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko. Potsiriza anatsimikiza kuchoka ku Moscow.

The zikamera wa Art Theater

Titafika ku February 1900 mu Moscow Art Theatre Kachalov anayenera ngati Stanislavski. Iwo anasankhidwa kukhala zochitika kumene iye anali kuoneka alternately mafano awiri: Boris Godunov ndi Ivana Groznogo. masitampu kunapezeka kuchigawo achita mbali zoipa - kuonetsa anali kwadzaoneni wogonjetsedwa. Vasily Katchalov sanafooke ndipo anapitiriza kupita ku bwalo lamasewera tsiku lililonse, kuonera sewero la zisudzo chabwino cha nthawi. Ndimapereka akukonzekera "Snow Buthu", koma palibe wina analimbana ndi udindo Berendey. Stanislavski anyerezera kuti apereke novice wosewera mwayi wina ndi sanalakwe.

Pambuyo rehearsal iye namfungatira Kachalov, anachita ntchito yaikulu pa nokha ndi nsomba zofunika za Ngopambana zisudzo luso. Wopambana kuwonekera koyamba kugulu mu September 1900, kuwulula m'tsogolo kutsogolo kwa wosewera ndi. Zina mwa ntchito yake yoyamba kwambiri:

• Baron udindo mu sewerolo "kuya wotsika" imene Gorky anati ndi kuzizwa.
• Caesar mu sewerolo eponymous ndi William Shakespeare.
• Udindo mu masewero a A. P. Chehova "The Cherry zipatso" (Trofimov) ndi "alongo atatu" (TUZENBACH).

ntchito pachimake

bwino uyu anadza Vasily Ivanovich mu 1905, ndipo mpaka zisinthe Moscow zidzakhala choncho mu chikondi ndi iye, kuti buthulo adzazipereka ndalama zambiri kugulitsa zinthu zovala zake, zomwe ankasakidwa kwa mafani zambiri. Ndakatulo S. Solovyov akamuitana "mfumu ya zolinga girlish", ndi omvera adzadziwa maudindo onse popanda yekha. Aliyense anaika kumvetsa kwake kwa umunthu wa ngwazi akupereka mosayembekezereka, koma kupyolera mu kuzunzika kutanthauzira. Kotero, iye anajambula chithunzi chosiyana a kalonga Chidanishi, anawononga wa pedestal limene iye anapereka mu zaka zam'mbuyo. Izo zikusonyeza tsoka la Hamlet mikangano maganizo: kumvetsa zolakwa za moyo ndi kuthedwa nzeru kusintha chilichonse mmenemo (1911).

Glumova kusewera A. I. Ostrovskogo nthawi ankaimba woipa amene amabweretsa ndi careerist. Vasily Katchalov adzadzipereka ndi kutanthauzira latsopano la fano, kumene adzaoneka luso ndi nditaona, amene onse a moyo - masewera. Ndipo mu masewerawa, iye amene afuna kukhala wopambana (1910). Udindo Ivana Karamazova (F. M. Dostoevsky) - mmodzi wa kuzisiya pa siteji. Tsiku lina kusewera izo, wosewera adzakhala ntchito monologue lalikulu zoimbaimba, kuwulula kudzera Karamazov kumvetsa dziko (1910). Iye ananena kuti Iye adatikonda Karamazov kupandukira Mulungu ndi chikhulupiriro mu mphamvu ya kulingalira. Iwo anayatsa iye ngakhale chiwonongeko cha ngwazi umene wolungama ludzu yodabwitsa moyo.

ulendo

Ndi kusintha V. I. Kachalova Mtima okayikira. Pa dzanja limodzi, iye ankadziwa bwino chosintha Nikolai Bauman ndi ankaona msonkhano naye imodzi yofunika kwambiri pa moyo, ina - mwana wake Vadim anamenyera mu White Army. Kuyambira 1919 anatsogolera gawo la gululo anapitiriza ulendo kum'mwera kwa dziko. nkhondo yokakamiza zisudzo kusamuka awo, ndipo ulendo wawo anapitiriza ku Ulaya, Sofia, Prague, Berlin, Zagreb, Paris. West anawombera m'manja talente wa ku Russia, ndipo Kachalov Vasiliy Ivanovich ankaimba nyimbo zambiri ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba pobwereza "Asikuti" Blok. Man maphunziro phenomenal, anawerenga Homer mu Greek ndi Horace - mu Latin.

Kukangamira pa tchuthi pang'ono, gululo imatumizidwa ulendo watsopano, akuchita ulendo US, amene bwinobwino anayamba kuyenda ndi nawo sewerolo "Tsar Fyodor". Pa nthawi imene banja atasamukira ku mudzi wa German, ndipo K. S. Stanislavsky akhagopa zisudzo ambiri sadzabwerera kwa ulendo wa. Iye anatumiza kalata kuitana pa gululo amasonkhana mu bwalo lamasewera. Mu August 1924 V.Kachalov woyamba anabwerera ku Moscow.

moyo

Mu Vasily Kachalov panafika anthu olemekezeka ndi ukulu, koma pa yomweyo, chifundo ndi kusafuna kudzasokoneza anthu. Iye ankakonda kucheza, chikhalidwe, nezi yaitali ndi phwando ndi zosangalatsa kukonza panyumba. nyumba yake ndinawona chiwerengero chachikulu cha umunthu odziwika bwino, amene anali Sergei Yesenin. Iye anayamba kucheza ndi mwini Doberman dzina lake Jim, analemba ndakatulo wokongola "The posakasaka wa Kachalov".

Kuchokera mu 1900 mpaka imfa yake Vasily Katchalov anakwatira Nina Nikolayevna, amene anatsala wolumala atadwala ndipo sinathe kuonekera pa siteji. Iye anathandiza kuti achite ayendetsa. Pa tsiku limene ake 50 tili Nicholas Ndimasewera mu sewerolo za Decembrists, ankachitika mkazi wake. Iye akutchedwa nambala yaikulu mabuku, kuphatikizapo ubale ndi Ammayi ndi mkazi wa mwamuna wamkulu. Koma iye sanangokhala banja, kukonda mkazi wake yekhayo Vadim.

Iye wopatsa anauza nokha kuti anthu umasinthasintha kulambira anthu ochita powonekera. Kuwonjezera zisudzo, anachititsa anthu akuimba chachikulu, anasiya nambala yaikulu kulembamo alipo lero. Mu 1928, iye nyenyezi mu filimu chete "The White Eagle" (motsogoleredwa ndi J. Protazanov). Pa kujambula wa "Njira ya ku Moyo" (1931) anapatsidwa mabuku ndakatulo za ana osowa pokhala, polenga maganizo pa chithunzipo. boma ali pafupifupi ubwino Mulingo wa Chithunzi Anthu a USSR (1936).

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Nkhondo yachiwiri itatha, omwe unachitikira mu achoke, ku siteji ya wosewera Art Theatre ndifa kunja. udindo wake kwambiri wotsiriza unali Bardin pa kusewera ndi limakhulupirira Gorky "adani." Iye anadwala matenda a shuga, koma anapitiriza nawo auditions ndi mapulogalamu zoimbaimba. 9/30/1948 patapita zaka 50 kutumikira Melpomene zapita Vasily Katchalov. Mwachidule yonena salola munthu kuti afotokozere lonse la wosewera kwambiri, ndi zina zimene mukhoza kulankhula za mapeto a wonse nyengo zisudzo.