Helmut Schmidt: yonena, maganizo andale

Mu November chaka chatha, ofalitsa lipoti imfa ya Helmut Schmidt, German wakale Chancellor (kuchokera 1974 mpaka 1982-TH). The mbiri yamoyo wa ndale otchuka akuimira munthu amene anatenga zingwe za m'dzikolo nthawi yovuta ndipo amathandiza kwakukulukulu kwa iye kuti zaka lotsatira Germany ndi onse a Ulaya zambiri moyo otsimikiza.

Helmut Schmidt - wotchuka andale dziko lake mtengo kawirikawiri saganizira. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa udindo zikuluzikulu zochita zake mu dongosolo amakono a mgwirizano wa mayiko.

"Khalidwe ndi chikumbumtima cha mtundu"

Mu December, iye akanati kukondwerera chikumbutso 97th. Chancellor, kugawana ndi dziko lake, mbiri yake pambuyo nkhondo ndi kutifotokozera yachitika chifukwa chitukuko mtsogolo. Iye anali kukhala pafupifupi wosafa. Iye anali nthano wamoyo, "ndi chizindikiro cha chikumbumtima cha mtundu" amene ulamuliro wake unali unquestioned.

Atolankhani kuti "metronome, imene Germany ... muyezo wa mapazi anu."

Njira imene anali Helmut Schmidt - ndi njira imene Chancellor kwa zaka zambiri asogolera mbumba German ku zolakwa ndi zolakwa za chiwombolo ndi moyo wabwino.

mphamvu zake kale kale. Koma Germany kugwiritsira ntchito mpweya wotchipa ku Siberia, yaikulu Russian msika ndi zinthu zina zothandiza - othandiza ndi ozindikira cholowa, zomwe wasiya German State Chancellor Helmut Schmidt.

Za yadziko

Pa nthawi ina, Schmidt unachitikira udindo wa nduna ya silikhali, Economy ndi Finance, anali mutu wa German Utumiki okhonda. Iye chimodzi cha olemekezeka andale dziko la mzaka zana makumi awiri, amene sanayambe kunyengedwa tanthauzo ndale.

"Panopa ... Europe ndi mavuto, sikuti njira yabwino" - kotero anayamikira lamulo la mavuto European kugwirizana ndi zokopa zokhumba posachedwapa mu Ukraine, mu kuyankhulana posachedwapa. Chiyukireniya ntchito evroassotsiatsii kale Chancellor amene wakhala nthawizonse wotchuka chifukwa kulankhula mokhadzula ake, amatchedwa "zachabechabe" ndi "geopolitical zachibwana" amene zotsatira Ulaya ndi dziko muno si njira yabwino. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali, iye ankaganiza Gelmut Shmidt, ndi pang'onopang'ono kuchepa mu "khalidwe la atsogoleri European." Malinga ndi malamulo, monga zowonetseredwa ndi iye pa macheza posachedwapa ndi atolankhani, zochita za makono malamulo ya ku Ulaya, komanso dziko munthu wa andale kugwirizana ndi mbiri posachedwapa ubale pakati pa EU ndi Ukraine, "anasiya kwambiri wolakalakika." Izi ndi maganizo a munthu amene ali bwinobwino kunapangitsa kuti dziko lake pa mavuto ambiri, nagwa cholowa.

Kulankhula ndi kuchita mosiyana ochiritsira mafashoni ndale padziko lonse kumadzulo adatsogola kunena naye osasunthika wotsimikizika ndi lalikulu zinachitikira.

Helmut Schmidt: A MBIRI

Tsogolo feduro Chancellor anabadwa mu 1918 m'banja la aphunzitsi German. magwero wachita kale sikukudziŵika, ndipo izo zinali chabe khumi wake chiwiri, Gelmut Genrih Waldemar Schmidt ananena kuti ndi mbeu ya wapathengo Ayuda - Magazi, anatenga German Protestant angapo. Kusunga chinsinsi cha chiyambi chake Ayuda, mwina anapulumutsa miyoyo ya achinyamata mu nyengo ya Nazi.

Pa poyerekezera Nazism

Funso - za mkhalidwe wa Chancellor kuti Nazism - anaukitsidwa kangapo. Mu mbiri wake, komanso mu biographies ku Germany ambiri a mbadwo wake, amapezeka pa nkhani imeneyi.

Tikudziwa kuti unyamata Schmidt anali nawo Hitler Youth koma m'bungwe la Nazi Party ndipo ndidapulumuka ankatumikira mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse monga mtsogoleri wa mphamvu mpweya chitetezo, chifukwa "mawu defeatist" mobwerezabwereza kulangidwa.

Mu 1945 m'manja mwa adani awo.

Phunziro mfundo

Atatuluka, iye si achinyamata akulowa yunivesite, kumene anaphunzitsidwa sayansi ndale ndi chilamulo ndipo wayamba kufanana kutsogolera khungu wophunzira wa Democratic Social Party.

Iwo amagwira ntchito mu dipatimenti zachuma Hamburg mzinda kuyambira chiyambi cha 50 ndi membala wa Bundestag.

Pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wake monga mtumiki mkati mwa Hamburg (m'ma 60s) anali wotchuka chifukwa anakwanitsa kugonjetsa zotsatira za masoka achilengedwe - chigumula wotchuka mu 1962. Kuti tizikonda mphamvu ya ntchito yopulumutsa Schmidt mu circumvention wa nawo malamulo a asilikali anali nawo.

zofunika

Ichi chinali chiyambi cha kuwuka mofulumira ntchito yake: Schmidt anakhala kazembe wapampando wa SPD, ndiye mtumiki chitetezo mu boma la Willy Brandt ndi anzake apamtima. Pambuyo yosiya zankhanza wa Chancellery Federal, kuphatikizapo gulu lomwe anapeza reconnaissance wa German Democratic Republic, mu 1974 Schmidt anatenga malo ake.

Chancellor

Pa malo Chancellor, anakumana ndi mavuto ambiri, Gelmut Shmidt Brandt kuchulukitsa zikayenda mu dera la yachilendo ndondomeko ndi chuma anayamba kugwirizana ndi Soviet Union, East Germany, malonda ndi East. Mu 1975, monga mmodzi wa ŵa atsogoleri kumadzulo wandale nawo Conference Helsinki pa Security ndi Cooperation.

Athandiza Policy pa nkhani ya kaphatikizidwe European sitingalephere kukambapo.

Internal zotsutsana mfundo

SPD chinang'ambika zosiyana maganizo pakati kumanzere ndi kumanja, amafuna kusintha kwakukulu. Ngakhale izi, zaka eyiti Chancellor ndi kusamalira kusunga phwando mu mphamvu.

mayeso zachuma

Chifukwa cha zochita mwaluso utsogoleri dziko, mu 70 Federal Republic of Germany wopyoza nthawi zovuta kuti chuma cha padziko lonse bwinobwino anayesedwa limati zina. Chancellor Helmut Schmidt amaphatikiza mfundo amtengo zolimba zachuma ndi kuikira kumbuyo bwino kutetezedwa: mu zaka za ulamuliro wake anawonjezeranso kukweza kwa penshoni, ubwino chikhalidwe, anapereka zolimbikitsa kutero.

"German Yophukira"

Mu 70s wa Schmidt kutenga kwambiri mkati njira zandale: levoekstremistskaya itakula zigawenga gulu RAF ( "Red Army kagulu kamene") mu dziko, udindo kupha oposa atatu khumi ncthito, kidnappings, mabomba, banki akuba.

Mu 1977, zigawenga anayesa zolanda ndege. The Chancellor sanali kukwaniritsa zofunika kuika patsogolo mwa iwo. Ndiwawuza iwo mphamvu yapadera kukathyola sitima anamasulidwa.

Ena mphamvu mu yamalamulo akufuna patsogolo mphamvu polimbana ndi zigawenga kuletsa ena malamulo demokalase.

Schmidt bwanji pamene demokalase woona, "Tatitu kubweretsa ufulu nsembe ya chitetezo." Resolute, olimba mutu maganizo boma kwa aziphunzitso anawonjezera kuti kutchuka kwake, ndi anthu German anapezanso chidaliro.

yosiya

Mu mayankho 80 Schmidt anathandiza zolinga NATO kulimbikitsa mpikisano zida Soviet Union anaika mivi pa dera la Republic Federal la Germany "Pershing". Wake mochititsa yachilendo ndondomeko komanso anayesetsa kuchepetsa wa ndalama bajeti kwachititsa chakuti Chancellor a adani anatembenuka ndipo anapatsidwa voti chikhulupiriro. Mu mbiri yonse ya Germany Schmidt - yekha Chancellor, amene anapuma osati chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa mu masankho, koma chifukwa cha imfa ya lankhondo.

"Mwalirani Zeit"

Wopuma pantchito Helmut Schmidt anali wolemba mabuku angapo za zaka za moyo wake, ndi za malamulo, anakhala mmodzi wa co-mkonzi wa magazini German "Mwalirani Zeit", lomwe linakhazikitsidwa maonekedwe angapo mayiko pa ndale ndi zachuma. Nthawi zambiri anaitanidwa media, kubweretsa kwa anthu maganizo a German kale Chancellor osiyanasiyana nkhani.

Chiyukireniya funso

Pankhani mfundo mayiko, Chancellor kale anapitiriza kuteteza udindo wake wotsatira wa noninterference mu zochitika za mayiko odzilamulira.

Mpaka posachedwapa, Schmidt anapitiriza kukhala oona mfundo za kukhosi kwawo mwachindunji ndi nkhanza, mosatengera kuti zoipa mwina.

Mu 2014, mogwirizana ndi zochitika odziwika mu Ukraine kale Chancellor 95 wazaka akatulukire kwa atsogoleri European ndale osati kubwereza zolakwika yoopsya ya m'mbuyomu, kunena za nkhondo ziwiri zapitazi dziko, ndi kuyesetsa olowa lichoke ku ngozi mbali dziko .

Ndondomeko mwankhanza anadzudzula zochita za EU ndi US atsogoleri pa Ukraine, ndi Brussels ali kumatanthauza ndale monga "megalomania". Mu kuyankhulana ndi nyuzipepala German Schmidt nkhawa initiators kumene pa Chiyukireniya kusakanikirana European Kodi kuganizira zosiyana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe mbiri ya kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa dziko.

Mu June 2014, anapanga chisankho ndondomeko osati kuitana Kutsutsa udachitikira ku Bavaria, omwe anali nawo atsogoleri ndi atumiki a nkhani zakunja kwa Germany, komanso mayiko a ku Ulaya, Pulezidenti Russian Vladimir Putin.

Ziletso ndi wandale Russian otchedwa opusa anati kuti akumvetsa zochita Russia mu Crimea.

Ndondomeko zoipa imawunikidwa zotsatira za misonkhano, amene anapezeka ndi atsogoleri ndi atumiki ena akunja Germany, komanso maiko a ku Ulaya, kulirira kuti dziko lake mwa zina maiko EU ndi United States wakhala mmodzi wa ophunzira kuphwanya malamulo adziko lonse lapansi. kuphwanya zokhudza German wakale Chancellor anakhulupirira cholinga cha "kukuza EU likuvutika Ukraine" ndi zina limati Union, kufuna anagawa CIS.

Pa nkhani zimasonyeza pa limodzi la mitsinje Helmut Schmidt waika kutsindika okhudza ndale pakati Union ku Ulaya ndi ku Russia. Mu maganizo ake, "kuopseza makamaka si Russia mu dziko, ndi United States."

Pakati pa mavuto Chiyukireniya, wotchuka German wandale mothandizidwa ndi mutu wa Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, kum'pangitsa mutakawachezera kwa Moscow.

achinsinsi

Schmidt nthawi wandikonda luso zokongola ankaimba limba ndi limba, umboni ndi mbiri kupulumuka a zoimbaimba wake ankachita masewera. Chidwi nzeru ndiponso kupenta, ukalamba bwinobwino anapitiriza kujambula.

Helmut Schmidt: Banja

Pano iwo ali pa zenera: Schmidt ndi mkazi wake Hannelore - Loki monga moyo wonse ndi anamsemera dzina, osati abwenzi, komanso ku Germany onse. munthu awiri okalamba kwambiri, aliyense ndi ndudu mu dzanja lake - iye ndi nzimbe ndi chithandizo kumva, ndi chipangizo wapadera kokayenda ndi. Apa iwo kukhala ndi manja. Ndi zovuta kuti kutama iwo mu m'badwo wa kudya chilekano ndi kulekerera.

Iwo anali anzawo kuyambira sukulu. Iwo anakwatira mu 1942. Tinathandiza kwambiri pamodzi, monga nkhondo ndi imfa meninjaitisi mu 45. Werengani mwana wawo woyamba.

Mwayekha amphamvu Loki mwana kuwateteza ndi kuteteza ang'ono ndi wofooka Helmut. Ndiye ine kukhala moyo, uchitelstvuya, pamene mwamuna wake anali ku yunivesite ndipo anapanga ntchito, mpaka 74th, pamene iye anatenga malo Chancery. Tsopano wakhala kuti Kuteteza ndi kusunga anzake mwamuna wake ku chikhalidwe chake lakuthwa, categorical, wakhala ikutchedwa ndi "Alongo wa Chikondi".

Mwana Suzanne, mtolankhani amene amakhala ndi ntchito mu London.

Loki sanakhale moyo kwa zaka 70 m'banja, iye anafa ali ndi zaka 91 zakubadwa.

Mu '93 Helmut Schmidt likukwatiwa aboma ndi Ruth Loah (wocheperapo zaka 14).

Kuzindikila

About iye kulemba mabuku komanso nkhani, kulenga zopelekedwa filimu. Kangapo konse izo anasankhidwa munthu wa chaka, chikumbutso 95th wa Westphalian Peace Prize kupereka.

Schmidt moyo wonse anali chidakwa wosuta. Mu Germany, kumene lamulo pa mukusuta malo onse ndikoletsedwa, okalamba mu Chancellor kale anapanga zosiyana: Schmidt analola kusuta ngakhale pa kulengeza moyo TV. Atolankhani mobwerezabwereza adamfunsa Iye za kuopsa kwa fodya, pa ndale anakana kuti izo zinali mochedwa nkhawa izo. kutsogolera wina anamuitana kusinthana kwa ndudu amagetsi. Schmidt anayankha kuti: "N'chifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kuchita chinachake opusa?"

Opusa mu moyo wautali ndi ntchito ndale, iye bwinobwino kupewa.