Geneva Convention: mfundo za nkhondo uweme

The Geneva Convention ndi ya kumanga malamulo ndi mayiko onse, umalimbana chitetezo malamulo amene anakhudzidwa ndi nkhondo lalikulu ndi mikangano m'deralo (onse padziko lonse, ndi chikhalidwe zoweta). Izi chikalata malamulo ndi kwakukulukulu zochepa ya njira ndi njira za nkhondo, potengera malo a anthu ndi umunthu. The Geneva Convention makamaka anasintha amati mwankhanza nkhondo, kupanga kwambiri kutukuka ndi uweme.

Mbiri ya chitukuko anthu, ndi lalikulu, tikhoza kuphunzira mbiri ya nambala yaikulu nkhondo amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana wa chiwawa ndiponso kuphana. N'zosatheka kupeza m'ma chimodzi, yoperekera ndi mphamvu zida kutsutsidwa ndi anthu. Ndi theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, pamene nkhondo inayamba kuti apeze kuposa kale lonse, misa ndi nkhanza, pamene sayansi mu kudalirana patsogolo zamakono kale ankatha kupereka nkhanza lankhondo la zida misa chiwonongeko, pali Akufunika kukhazikitsa chikalata chofunika malamulo ngati Geneva Convention. Izo streamlined ubale pakati pa zipani kukangana wotsatira ndi chepetse chiwerengero cha anthu wamba ovulala.

Geneva Convention mu 1864, anakhala munthu woyamba chikalata ngati mu mbiriyakale, anali kufunika kwambiri kuti kwagona kuti iye anali atayima pangano Multilaterial lotseguka kwa inalowa zaufulu ndi m'mayiko onse. Izi chikalata yaing'ono wopangidwa yekha khumi nkhani anayambitsa mu lamulo mgwirizano wa nkhondo, ndipo onse ulamuliro umunthu ndi za malamulo kutanthauzira yawo yamakono.

Patapita zaka ziwiri zoyambirira Geneva Convention unachitikira, ngati ine anganene choncho, ubatizo wa moto pa omenyera nkhondo a Austria-Prussian nkhondo. Prussia, yemwe ali mmodzi wa oyamba kulemba izi pangano, Pamilunguyo madalitso ake. The Prussian Army anali zipatala okonzeka ndi Red Cross anali nthawi uko kumene unkasowa chithandizo chake. Wina anali ndi vuto mu msasa otsutsa. Austria si signatory ku msonkhano wachigawo chabe anaponya molasidwa awo pa nkhondo.

Cholinga cha Mabaibulo wotsatira wa pangano ili lonse, zochokera zinachitikira nkhondo zakale, anali kutetezedwa osati ufulu wa akaidi a nkhondo, komanso anthu amene sakuchita nawo Nkhondo (wamba ndi akuluakulu achipembedzo, ogwira ntchito zachipatala), komanso wangalawa odwala, ovulala, kaya pa ndani mwa magulu chikumenyana iwo ali. Zinthu zina, monga zipatala, ambulansi ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana yapachiweniweni kwambiri, ndiotetezedwa ndi nkhani zogwirizana wa Geneva Convention ndipo sangathe udzasokonezedwa kapena kukhala m'bwalomo nkhondo.

Izi normative chikalata lonse komanso limatanthauzira njira analetsa nkhondo. Kwenikweni, sikuloledwa ntchito wamba zolinga asilikali, analetsa kwachilengedwenso ndi zida za mankhwala, odana ndi ogwira migodi. Kutanthauza wa Geneva Convention ndi kuyesa kuonetsetsa bwino bwino pakati kufunikira asilikali ndi mwatsatanetsatane pa dzanja limodzi ndi anthu pa ena. Ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha Buku ndi ukulu wa nkhondo pali kufunika mu kope watsopano wa Geneva Convention. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi ziwerengero Mu zaka zapitazo, mwa akuvutika zana la nkhondo ndi eyite-faifi anthu wamba. Makamaka zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kwa nkhondo yamagazi kwambiri mu mbiriyakale - World nkhondo II, pamene pafupifupi State, nawo izo, osati linaphwanya chakudya cha Geneva Convention, komanso mfundo zonse yosiyanasiyana ya makhalidwe abwino konsekonse.

The anayi Geneva Misonkhano ya 1949, awiri ndondomeko zina za 1977, ndi bulky ndi zikalata multipage ali konsekonse. Iwo analembapo maiko 188 pa dziko. Tikumbukenso kuti misonkhano mawu amamanga pa mayiko onse, ngakhale kuti sanali ophunzira.