GLONASS Kodi nanga kumasiyana ku GPS American

Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) mu atolankhani wangopatsidwa kumene kwambiri chidwi, losavuta layman, makamaka kutali ndi mavuto a Kanema navigation, zingaoneke kuti dongosolo ndi watsopano ndi mu Chiyambi chake. Ndipotu, mwamtheradi ayi. Ndipo komabe, kodi GLONASS? Pamene iye anaonekera, ndi GPS bwino odziwika?

Mbiri ya zikamera wa m'banja navigation Kanema

Ganizo ntchito makina yokumba lapansi zosowa za navigation anaonekera mu makumi asanu Mu zaka zapitazo, pamene chinthu choyamba analenga ndi manja a anthu, anaonekera Earth kanjira. Basi ndiye, kuonera woyamba chizindikiro Kanema, asayansi ndawonapo kuchita kuti pafupipafupi mbendera yochokera Kanema ili pa kanjira ndi mosiyanasiyana malingana ndi malo ake ake kuti akuona (Doppler zochitika). Komanso, kudziwa malo enieni cha woyang'anira padziko, munthu kuyeza malo ndi mathamangidwe ya mwezi, ndi moyenera, mosemphanitsa. America mfundo imeneyi anali anazindikira mu 1974, pamene DNSS pulogalamu anapezerapo woyamba Kanema navigation (pambuyo pulogalamu dzina lake Navstar-GPS, ndiyeno - chabe GPS).

Ndipo zimene pa Space kwawo? Asayansi Soviet pa nthawi ino, nayenso, si wangokhala. Ngakhale dziko lisanayambe atamva kuti GLONASS kapena GPS, mu 1967 anapezerapo woyamba Kanema navigation "kosmos-192" ndi "Cosmos-220" mu 1968. Onse makina anakonzedwa zosowa za panyanja ndi kupereka wautali kulankhulana la ngalawa Soviet apanyanja ndipo anali pakati pamwamba panyanja dongosolo "Chimphepo" (yapachiweniweni Baibulo - "Cicada"). Ndipo mu 1976, dongosolo ali mamembala 6 spacecraft "kupalasa", kale mu utumiki. Kulondola Pamalo ndi 80-100 m, amene sanali moyipa kwa nthawi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo anadziwika kuti GLONASS a. Mu 1976, mu kupitiriza pulogalamuyi "Chimphepo" wa CC CPSU ndi USSR Council wa nduna inaika lamulo wapadera pa pofuna kukwaniritsa zoweta navigation Kanema. Ngakhale likusuntha zonse nthawi, mu October 1982 ilili choyamba mu kanjira "mphepo yamkuntho" unayambitsidwa zokhudza dongosolo GLONASS, ndi 1991 anali kale mu kanjira 12 makina amphamvu.

Ofunda kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo ntchito zinachitika mu September 1993, ndi 1995 gulu Kanema inkakhala makina 24 (nambala ya ndodo). Mwatsoka, kukonzanso, wotsatira kugwa kwa USSR, komanso zochepa moyo Kanema inatsogolera chakuti ndi 2001, panali 6 yekha kanjira makina ntchito, ndipo ndi GLONASS anayamba pang'onopang'ono kuiwala.

Zotsatirazi kukhazikitsidwa mu 2001 wa boma zinthu pulogalamu koma anayamba kukonza, ndi chimaliziro cha 2011 zonse nambala ya nthambi chafika mlingo ankafuna. Pakuti nthawi 2012 -2020 gg. pa chitukuko cha GLONASS allocated biliyoni 320 rubles. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo ankafuna kuti apange ndi kukhazikitsa 22 nthambi zambiri "Glonass-K" 15 "GLONASS-M"

Kodi GLONASS

Mfundo ntchito zoweta dongosolo navigation ndi chimodzimodzi kuti a GPS American. Makina makina mosalekeza zimatulutsa mitundu iwiri ya chizindikiro - muyezo ndi mkulu molondola zimene zilipo ogula inali pafupifupi kulikonse pa dziko. ofanana zida GLONASS yekha chofunika kudziwa ndondomeko yeniyeni.

Ngakhale molondola adziwe kachitidwe mwandondomeko ntchito zapakhomo pang'ono otsika US (3-6 vs. 2-4 mamita m) ndi makina utumiki mawu wamfupi, GLONASS amapereka bata kwambiri chifukwa chakuti sikudalira kasinthasintha dziko lapansi ndi chifukwa zilibe mufunika kusintha zoonjezera. Ngati ife kulankhula molondola, ndi 2020, kutukula kukonzekera kuonjezera kuti 0,6 m, ndi m'tsogolo - mpaka 0.1 m.

Monga zipangizo kolandira, ndi GLONASS-panyanja, Integrated ndi mafoni tsopano anaika ndi mafoni zonse. Modern hybrid chipangizo angathe zikugwira ntchito onse GLONASS ndi GPS, lero inu momasuka kugula mu masitolo kuti kugulitsa katundu zamagetsi, kapena analamula ku sitolo Intaneti.