Glycogen. Ndi chiyani icho? Tiyeni tipeze!

Glycogen ndi zovuta, ndi zimam'patsa zovuta, amene anapanga m'kati glycogenesis shuga ingested pamodzi ndi chakudya. Kuyambira mankhwala mawonedwe amaonekera ndi chilinganizo C6H10O5 ndipo umaimira colloidal polysaccharide ndi unyolo kwambiri nthambi ya zatsalira shuga. M'nkhaniyi, ife tinena zonse za glycogen kuti: icho chiri, chimene ntchito zawo, kumene kuwonjezera apo. Komanso, ife pofotokoza zomwe ndi zolakwika mu ndondomeko ya synthesizing.

Glycogen: icho chiri ndi momwe iwo apanga?

Glycogen ndi thupi likusowa nkhokwe shuga. Kwa anthu apanga motere. Yachakudya chakudya (kuphatikizapo wowuma ndi disaccharides - lactose, maltose ndi sucrose) pansi zochita za enzyme (amylase) ali unagawika tinthu ting'onoting'ono. Ndiye, mu michere yaing'ono intestine monga sucrase, maltase ndi pancreatic amylase hydrolyzing ndi zatsalira zimam'patsa kuti monosaccharides, kuphatikizapo shuga. Mbali ina ya kumasulidwa kwa shuga, kulowa m'magazi, chiwindi, ndi zina chimadzera ku maselo a ziwalo zina. Mwachindunji maselo, kuphatikizapo minofu, pali kuwola wotsatira wa shuga monosaccharide wotchedwa glycolysis. Mu ndondomeko ya glycolysis, lomwe limapezeka kapena wopanda nawo za (thupi ndi anaerobic) mpweya ndi apanga ATP molekyulu, amene ndi gwero la mphamvu zamoyo zonse. Koma si shuga zonse akulowa chakudya m'thupi la munthu, amadya kaphatikizidwe wa ATP. Gawo la izo awasungira mu mawonekedwe a glycogen. Dongosololi ikukhudza polymerization wa glycogenesis, i.e. ndi yotsatana Kuwonjezera shuga kwa wina ndi mzake ndi monomers n'kupanga nthambi unyolo polysaccharide mchikakamizo cha michere yeniyeni.

Kodi glycogen?

Kusunga glycogen analandira mu mawonekedwe a granules achindunji cytoplasm (cytosol) maselo ambiri a thupi. Makamaka mkulu zili glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu minofu. Ndipo Minofu glycogen - gwero la shuga katundu maselo ambiri minofu (mu nkhani ya katundu wolemera), ndi kukhala zachilendo kwa chiwindi shuga magazi ndende. Monga kotunga izi chakudya zovuta likupezeka mu maselo mitsempha, mtima, msempha, epithelium, connective minofu, ndi mucous nembanemba a chiberekero ndi minofu yoopsa. Kotero, ife anayang'ana pa tanthauzo la mawu akuti "glycogen". Kodi izo, tsopano zikuonekeratu. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za ntchito zawo.

Kodi thupi likusowa glycogen?

Mu glycogen thupi ntchito ngati malo mphamvu. Mu zochitika mwadzidzidzi thupi kutuluka izo akusowa shuga. Kodi zimenezi zimachitika? Glycogen kusokonezeka kumachitika pakati pa chakudya, komanso kwambiri inapita patsogolo pa choopsa ntchito yamasewera. ndondomeko izi zimachitika mwa pogawanikana pamawere wa zatsalira shuga mchikakamizo cha michere wapadera. Chifukwa, glycogen linawola kuti ufulu shuga ndi shuga, 6-mankwala a ATP popanda ndalama.

N'chifukwa chiyani mufunika glycogen mu chiwindi?

Chiwindi ndi chimodzi cha ziwalo zofunika kwambiri mkati mwa thupi la munthu. Iwo amachita zosiyanasiyana ntchito kwambiri. Kuphatikizapo amapereka shuga wabwinobwino, m'pofunika kuti lidzigwira ntchito ubongo. The njira zikuluzikulu zimene kukhalabe shuga mu uthunthu yachibadwa - kuchokera 80 120 mg / DL akutsatiridwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa lipogenesis glycogen gluconeogenesis ndi kusintha kwa dzuwa ena shuga. Ndi kutsitsa mlingo shuga imayendetsa phosphorylase kenako chiwindi glycogen ndi lamamatira. Kuchokera cytoplasm maselo kutha wa nkhosa zake ndi shuga umalowa m'magazi, kupereka thupi mphamvu zofunika. Misinkhu apamwamba a shuga, mwachitsanzo pambuyo chakudya, maselo chiwindi anayamba mwachangu lithe glycogen ndi kuliika. Gluconeogenesis ndi ndondomeko ya synthesizing shuga kwa chiwindi ndi zinthu zina, kuphatikizapo amino zidulo. The zolimbana ntchito ya chiwindi kuvumbitsira otsutsa koyenera kuti uziyenda yachibadwa thupi. Kupatuka - chidwi kuchuluka / kuchepa madzi a shuga magazi - kuimira ngozi kuti thanzi la munthu.

Kulakwila glycogen kaphatikizidwe

matenda kagayidwe kachakudya ndi gulu la glycogen glycogen matenda otengera kwa makolo. zimayambitsa awo ndi zofooka zosiyanasiyana michere amagwira ntchito lamulo la glycogen mapangidwe kapena pogawanikana pamawere. Ena mwa matenda glycogen ndi glycogenoses akutali aglikogenozy. Woyamba ndi osowa tinatengera matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kudzikundikira kwambiri a polysaccharide maselo C6H10O5. Glycogen kaphatikizidwe ndi kukhalapo kwake wotsatira kwambiri mu chiwindi, m'mapapo, impso, minofu chigoba ndi zilema mtima chifukwa cha enzyme (mwachitsanzo, shuga, 6-phosphatase) nawo kuwonongedwa kwa glycogen. Nthawi zambiri, pamene glycogen matupi anati kuyan'anila za chitukuko, psychomotor retardation, aakulu hypoglycemic boma, mpaka isanayambike chikomokere. Kutsimikiza matenda ndi kudziwa mtundu glycogenosis anagwira biopsy chiwindi ndi minofu, ndiyeno kutumiza nkhani chifukwa phunziro histochemical. Pa zokonzeka glycogen okhutitsidwa zimakhala ndi ntchito za michere zimene zimachititsa kaphatikizidwe ake ndi kuonongeka.

Ngati thupi la malo opanda glycogen, zikutanthauza chiyani?

Aglikogenozy kuimira matenda otengera chifukwa cha kusowa kwa enzyme angathe kugwira kaphatikizidwe wa glycogen (glycogen). Pamaso pa matenda mu glycogen chiwindi palibe kwathunthu. Chipatala kuwonekera kwa matenda ndi: otsika kwambiri shuga magazi, umene - zonse hypoglycemic khunyu. Chikhalidwe cha odwala limanenedwa ngati aakulu kwambiri. Pamaso aglikogenoza kuyezedwa ndi upeleka biopsy chiwindi.