Guinea yokhazikika

UDC 636.598

kunyumba gusevodstve

Atsekwe - chachikulu zipatso nkhuku, akulu kulemera ndi 7-8 makilogalamu, tsekwe kutchera ku 15 60 kapena kuposa mazira masekeli 150-220 ga kwa wamkulu wina akhoza kufika makilogalamu asanu nyama magalamu 500 a mafuta lofunika, ntchito mwakhama mankhwala ndi mankhwala, ndi mafuta otsika kwambiri, ndi pa kudzinenepetsa wapadera - zophikiratu chiwindi masekeli 700. ga .. The atsekwe - mitundu mbalame kokha, kumene inu mukhoza kutenga pa moyo wa mkulu khalidwe pansi ndi nthenga, amene kawiri wabwino durability nkhuku. Tsekwe wamng'ono kudya kukula Anapiye a tsekwe moyo kulemera mu miyezi iwiri kulima chinawonjezeka ndi maulendo oposa 40. Atsekwe mwangwiro ntchito msipu, ndi pakalibe mbalame iliyonse akhoza kudyetsedwa kwa wobiriwira. Mkulu zokolola, kuphweka mawu amanena, luso kudya roughage ndi mkulu mlingo wa CHIKWANGWANI - makhalidwe abwino kwambiri amene asankha kawetedwe mbalame.

mbali kwachilengedwenso ndi chuma

Atsekwe ndi zina kwachilengedwenso ndi chuma kuti kusiyanitsa iwo ku mitundu ina ya nkhuku:

• · Luso ntchito msipu ndi kunyeketsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa wobiriwira zokoma chakudya ndi okhutira mkulu wa CHIKWANGWANI;
• · Kukwanitsa cholimba, chuma wolungamitsidwa ntchito (zaka zoposa 3), pamene moyo amayembekezeka zaka 20-25. Chinthu chapadera mitundu ina ya nkhuku zikuchulukirachulukira kupanga dzira m'chaka chachiwiri ndi chachitatu poyerekeza ndi woyamba;
• · Young atsekwe miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya moyo uli kukula mphamvu kwambiri. Komanso, m'mwezi woyamba wa kukula mphamvu ndi 200, lachiwiri - 96, lachitatu - 17%. Mbali imeneyi ntchito kwachilengedwenso wolimba gusevodstve kumene gusjat broilers atakula pa nyama mpaka milungu 9 wamsinkhu;
• · Goose nthenga ndi pansi osiyana elasticity ndi mphamvu, mayamwidwe otsika madzi ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe, kuwapanga lofunika zopangira kwa kupanga nthenga-pansi;
• · Chifukwa nthenga wandiweyani ndi tsekwe akhoza kulekerera akanthawi akuponya kutentha kwa opanda 25-30 ° C. Kulera kutentha pamwamba 32-34 ° C kuphatikiza amachititsa wheezing atsekwe ndi kuwonongeka mu chikhalidwe ambiri, choncho yotentha chilimwe nthawi iwo ali limatifotokozera kapena malo.

The kuipa atsekwe monga:

• · Wotsika fecundity ndi kupanga dzira, yopapatiza kugonana chiŵerengero (1: 3). Ngati awiri nkhuku nyama mukhoza kupeza 125-150 anapiye ku peyala ya turkeys - 50-60 turkeys, ndiye ndi awiri atsekwe - zosaposa 30-40 Anapiye a tsekwe;
• · A amaposa mafuta mu nyama ndi zaka miyezi itatu ndi zomwe zili ake ukufika 25-30% chifukwa mafuta subcutaneous ndi 10% chifukwa mkati;
• · Chakumapeto kugonana kukhwima (masiku 240-310). Kuwala mtundu atsekwe kuyambira n'kudzazilumikiza pamaso adalemeradi;
• · Kupititsa patsogolo propensity kwa incubating (zimaswa ku 30 60% ya nyama);
• · Mazira anaika kunja chisa (40%).

Mtundu ndi mtundu magulu atsekwe

Pali magulu atatu a miyala: lolemera (nyama ndi aliwonse), sing'anga (kukongoletsa) ndi kuunika (dzira). Woyamba zikuphatikizapo zinthu zonse Mitundu ano lalikulu - Kholmogorskaya, emdenskuyu, Toulouse, Landes, ndi imvi lalikulu. Nyama atsekwe a mitundu lili kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mafuta. A iwo ali mafuta m'chiwindi Unyinji wa 600-800, gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo tepi kapena lopotana Sebastopol atsekwe. Oyimira a gulu lachitatu ndi Chinese, Kuban, Adler, Chitaliyana.

Kholmogory mtundu zimaŵetedwa ku madera m'dera chapakati Black Lapansi. Ndi wamkulu zoweta mtundu wa atsekwe ndi zizindikiro zabwino zachuma-zothandiza. Mbalame ali ndi malamulo amphamvu, Hardy, komanso acclimated. Zaumbanda ndi mbalame wamkulu ndi mkulu viability. Ndi kudzinenepetsa kwambiri kwa masiku 60 atsekwe zaka kufika moyo cholemera za 4 makilogalamu chakudya pa mtengo wa makilogalamu 3 pa 1 makilogalamu kukula. Atsekwe Kholmogory mtundu zimaŵetedwa mu chigawo chapakati cha dziko.

Large imvi thanthwe analengedwa mu dera Tambov ndi kudutsa Romny atsekwe ku Toulouse. Kusankha zinachitikadi motsogozedwa kuwonjezeka thupi ndi kupanga dzira. Torso atsekwe kwambiri padziko lonse. Kuzilingalira akulu. Viability wa mbalame wamng'ono ndi wamkulu ndi wabwino. Misa atsekwe a masiku 60 zakubadwa 3.5-4.0 makilogalamu. Tsekwe bwino zikhalire kukula ndi atsekwe, undemanding khalidwe madzi, chabwino msipu ndi kudya tirigu padalitsu.Krupnyh atsekwe imvi ntchito ngati njira makolo pamene anawoloka ndi Pereyaslavskaya Kuban, Rhine ndi Chinese gusjat kwa broiler.

Kuban mtundu anachokera mwa antchito a dipatimenti ya nkhuku Kuban State University agrarian. Mbalame mtundu uwu ali kusinthasintha zabwino mmene chilengedwe Krasnodar dera ndi mkulu chitetezo cha kukula achinyamata (95-97%) ndi zomwe zili alionse akuluakulu. Misa gusjat miyezi 2 zakubadwa 3.5-3.7 makilogalamu. Kubanskie atsekwe bwino ntchito msipu ndi mkulu dzira kupanga (kuti 95-100 zidutswa) masekeli 150 ga

Mu gusevodstve bwino ntchito crossbreeding kubala hybrids wosakanizidwa. Monga kuyenera ntchito kholo thanthwe Kuban, Chinese, ndi Chitaliyana Rhine atsekwe ndi kubereka apamwamba, komanso za makolo - lalikulu imvi landshskih, Lind wa Toulouse atsekwe, ndi mlingo mkulu kukula.

okhutira

Chipinda kwa atsekwe ayenera kukhala aukhondo, ouma bwino mpweya wokwanira, popanda drafts. Drafts ndi dampness kuchepetsa zokolola za nkhuku. Amalimata pansi ndi kukwezedwa pamwamba pa nthaka, ngati n'kofunika, 15-20 cm. Ziyenera kukhala madzi kuteteza makoswe m'makoma chipinda pulasitala ndi mankhwala 20 peresenti laimu matope. Windows pa kutalika kwa masentimita 50 kuchokera pansi, chiwalitsiro pa mlingo pansi ayenera kukhala osachepera 15 lux. Nkhuku nyumba ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino, kupereka kwa kuthekera kupatukana, ndi bwino thumba kugawa m'zigawo. Malo okwezeka a ndimeyi ayenera kukhala osachepera 2 m kuchokera pampanda -. Osati zosakwana 1.7 mamita aulesi mbalame ndi zenera ndi mbali ya kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa nyumbayi. Denga ayenera kuteteza mbalame ku mvula.

Zosavomerezeka pa-kudziponya wa mbalame mu chipinda chino kamakhala zauve, wosweka microclimate kwambiri chulutsa microflora kumachititsa zochitika bwino atsekwe. Mu madera kumpoto ndi pakati maofesi a dziko kwa atsekwe kumanga wapakamwa kum'mwera, ndi dzuwa kuposa pounikira chipinda, ndipo mu zone kum'mwera, kumene ndi muyeso cheza dzuwa, - kum'mwera kumadzulo kapena kum'mwera chakum'mawa.

A amadza yaikulu pa thanzi ndi kukhala atsekwe linamasulira zinyalala, boma la potsata kutentha ndi chinyezi. Monga zinyalala ntchito osiyanasiyana zipangizo: utuchi, zodulidwa, udzu, sphagnum peat, pansi chimanga cobs, mpendadzuwa mankhusu kapena mapira. Zofunda ayenera kukhala wouma, woyera, hygroscopic, free ku nkhungu. Zinyalala ku nkhani mbewu, kuwonjezera ukhondo wake, umafunda pansi. M'dzinja ndi yozizira, ntchito ofunda zofunda - udzu, peat; mu nthawi ya chirimwe - mchenga ndi utuchi. Tsekwe pa wamkulu pa chaka kufunika kukonzekera makilogalamu 40 zakuthupi zinyalala.

Zosayenera zili atsekwe yosakongola zinyalala - mu izi Nthenga case, zauve, disheveled, ndipo zoipa akuzisunga kutentha. Mogwirizana ndi izi chatsitsa ntchito lokhalamo chakudya yafupika thupi kukana, imbaenda chimfine. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti oyera nthenga atsekwe amateteza ku hypothermia. Ndi isanayambike ozizira, pamaso atagona zinyalala kwambiri, ndi zofunika kuwaza youma pansi slaked laimu kapena hydrated laimu pa mlingo wa makilogalamu 0.5-1 pa 1 sq. mamita lalikulu. Ndiye ikani bedi tchipisi yaing'ono chisoni chimanga cobs, utuchi, akanadulidwa udzu makulidwe a osachepera 5 osati masentimita oposa 15. Anakonza kudya pamwamba, kuthirira ndi zitsulo. Nato kusintha zinyalala pamene inu kusintha atsekwe chipani kapena nyengo (kugwa kapena kasupe).

Low kutentha, makamaka kuswana nyengo, akhoza asamapatsire dzira atagona atsekwe, kutentha sayenera kugwa m'munsimu -4-5 ° C. M'munsi kutentha angachotsedwe utachepa hatchability mazira chifukwa cha yozizira koopsa.

Kuti tsekwe ntchito kunyamula dzira danga mu chipinda, palibe pasanafike mwezi umodzi isanayambike wamba, anapereka pamodzi ndi zitsulo khoma pa mlingo wa chisa chimodzi pa atsekwe 2-3. Ndi chosadziwa atsekwe angathe kuchitidwa mu malo kwaokha. The zokhazikapo ntchito zinyalala chomwecho, monga Gusyatnikov. Popeza atsekwe mukuchita m'mawa, pofuna kupewa kudetsedwa mazira, zinyalala chisa ayenera spiked madzulo. Iwo ali osavomerezeka kuika chisa ndi makoma ozizira ndi malo ndi kuwala mwachindunji. miyeso lamkati la zisa ali motere :. Mulifupi - 0.4-0.5 m, kutalika 0,65 m, kutalika - 0.6-0.65 m, nati kutalika - 0.01 mamita zisa mtengo, plywood, kapena ena zipangizo ndi pabwino moti Kufikika chifukwa tikukonza.

Feeders kwa atsekwe kutero kupewa imfa lalikulu la chakudya. Iwo ayenera kukhala kuwala, omasuka. Iwo akhoza matabwa, plywood kapena zipangizo zina. Feeders ayenera kukhala zokwanira kupewa kugonthetsa pa kudyetsa atsekwe. Pakuti zina mchere ntchito feeders ndi makontena angapo: miyala, miyala, zipolopolo. Feeders anapachika pa kutalika kwa masentimita 20 kuchokera pansi. Pakuti kudyetsa misa wobiriwira wapangidwa ufa aang'ono mtundu. zida zonse ayenera kukhala woyera.

Pansi akumwa atsekwe akuluakulu ntchito ufa, ndowa kapena muli zina. Pofuna kupewa kutsitsi toti madzi wokwera pa trays, yokutidwa ndi chitsulo kapena ukonde matabwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kotero kuti madzi amaundana, insulated ufa kapena nthawi anazitsanulira mwa madzi otentha. Kupanda madzi, makamaka m'nyengo yotentha, zikubweretsa matenda unyinji wa mbalame.

Aviary pamwamba pa kum'mwera kwa nyumba, ayenera canopies ku dzuwa ndi mvula. Kusamba atsekwe akomere chidebe abwino, nthawi kuwonjezera madzi mlingo zonse. Area pa mbalame ayenera kukhala osachepera 1 sq. mamita - kwa atsekwe, 5 sq. mamita - nyama wamng'ono, 15 sq. mamita chomukondweretsa akulu. Pamene mopanikizana mbalame chipinda afika zauve, worsens mpweya boma, lomwe angayambitse matenda Unyinji wa atsekwe. Koma nthawi yomweyo mlingo wa kubzala kachulukidwe zimadalira mmene nyengo. M'madera kum'mwera, pamene mbalame amathera kwambiri za tsiku paddock, kubzala kachulukidwe akhoza ziwonjezeke kwa 2.5 pa mutu 1 lalikulu. mamita m'dera la pansi nyumba.

Nyengo ofunda ndi cholinga chowapatsa nyumba mafoni ntchito mtundu kwa yokonza 15-50 atsekwe. Chimango nyumba anapanga mipiringidzo kukona khoma sheathe bolodi kapena plywood, matabwa thabwa yazokonza pansi, denga yokutidwa ndi plywood kapena matabwa. lophweka nyumba yakale nkhuku akhoza kukhala ndi mauna, pepala phula filimu. Chimango anapanga mipiringidzo kapena matabwa, ndi amodzi gululi, ndi ikuthandizira mauna pa denga ankamvera, kapena filimu. denga anapanga ndodo, ndi kusiyana therebetween za 0,3 m, pamwamba ali ndi denga chuma kapena filimu. nyumba zamitundu kwa atsekwe 15 - 2.5 × 2.5 m, kuthetsera Denga, wapakamwa kutalika - 2.1 m, linga kumbuyo -. osachepera 1.4 mamita feeders, akumwa ndi zisa ayenera kupanga m'manja ndipo wokwera kuti Kodi Musadetse dziko. Theka-lotseguka aviary akale anamanga chimodzimodzi monga yapita okha wapakamwa yotsekedwa ndi matabwa ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 0,6, ndipo kuchokera pansi, ndipo pamwamba --abwino mauna ukonde. M'chaka cha aviary izi zosavuta, chifukwa atsekwe ndi imapachikidwa panja.

Boma thupi mbalame ndi kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi molting. Daily Anapiye a tsekwe okutidwa ndi pansi. Pa masabata 3 zakubadwa, Anapiye a tsekwe fuzz akuyamba kuloŵedwa m'malo ndi cholembera chachikulu, ndi 10-sabata akale molt zaumbanda amapezeka. Panthawi imeneyi kukula kugunda wamng'ono utachepa mowa chakudya pa unit wa umachuluka kukula. Unakhazikitsidwa pa "hemp" thupi la zoyamba mbalame nthenga latsopano ndi ovuta kuchotsa mitembo pa processing, choncho m'pofunika kupha atsekwe nyama pamaso pa molt zaumbanda kapena pambuyo kutha. Ndi miyezi 4 zakubadwa, ndi atsekwe wamng'ono mokwanira ataphimbidwa ndi cholembera cha mbalame wamkulu, ndiye atsekwe molt nthawi 2 pa chaka - m'chilimwe ndi yophukira. Pa mapeto a kasupe kuswana nyengo mu May - June wa ikutha dzira-atagona, amachepetsa mphamvu ya spermatogenesis mu Gusakov, thupi kuti anatsika ndi 20-30%. M'chilimwe pakubwera molt atsekwe, imene pafupifupi 2 miyezi, kwathunthu m'malo nthenga zonse. Komabe, pambuyo masabata 3 pambuyo atsekwe woyamba moulting moult m'dzinja oyambirira kachiwiri, ndi kusintha si nthenga zonse, ndipo "kokha ang'ono ndi pakati cholembera.

Ndi tsekwe nyama atachotsedwa pa 250-300 ga cholembera, kuphatikizapo magalamu 50-60 ya kufwanyulira. Nthenga ndi pansi atsekwe ndi ambiri ofunda ndi bwino. Ndi bwino kawetedwe atsekwe ndi nthenga loyera ngati tsekwe nthenga imvi pafupifupi 20-30% mtengo kuposa woyera. Pofuna kuonjezera Kutolere nthenga tsekwe ndi pansi, n'zotheka kuchita ziwiri nthawi (pa nyengo ofunda) intravital Oschipko atsekwe, ndi kum'mwera 3 yake ndi lolondola tsankho Oschipko atsekwe angathe kuonjezera linanena bungwe la nthenga ang'ono ndi pansi pafupi nthawi 2. M'mayiko ambiri ndi nkhuku anayamba ikuchitika kawiri pa chaka anakudzula nthenga nthawi zachilengedwe molting mbalame zaka, chikhalidwe thupi. Mwaluso Oschipko amayambitsa kupweteka atsekwe. Pankhaniyi okha atsekwe kubudula pansi ndi nthenga ka coverts thupi.

kubalana

Mu atsekwe bwino akufuna kukhazikitsa mabanja khola, kotero Gusakov kufalitsa zokolola isanafike kuswana nyengo, zochokera tsekwe wina - tsekwe 3-4. Young Gusakov katundu yafupika. Kutalika kwa ntchito atsekwe nkhosa zimadalira mtundu ndi chiwerengero cha mazira anaika. Mitundu ndi kupanga wochepa dzira ndi kuswa mazira kusungidwa Mwachibadwa ali wakhama zaka 5-6. Atsekwe ndi kupanga mkulu dzira ndi mtundu katundu chonde zaka 3-4. Akuti ntchito zabwino, kutsimikiziridwa Gusakov achuluke zaka 10-12.

A nkumanyumwa wabwino pa phiko ndi awiri ang'onoang'ono nthenga (lumo) ndi nthenga khumi yoyamba ya dongosolo loyamba ndi lachiwiri, yemweyo ayenera kum'patula chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi mchira nthenga. linanena bungwe aang'ono kwakukulukulu zimadalira kugonana Gusakov. Yogwira kumayambiriro kwa kuswana nyengo (February kwa June) Gussaki kukhala ndi mphamvu mpaka kumapeto. Komanso, kugonana Gusakov pa chaka chachiwiri ndi chachitatu achuluke, ayenera n'komwe.

Nkofunika kupewa inbreeding pofuna kupewa alibe ng'ombe chifukwa cha inbreeding. Kodi ntchito kuswana choyera ndizi akhoza kupeza achinyamata hybrid ndi mawu kwambiri za bizinesi - zizindikiro zothandiza.

Akufuna kusunga munda wake ndi awiri kapena kuposa mwake banja ayenera kudziwa kuti ndi zofunika kuika banja m'nkhokwe osiyana ndi paddock, mwinamwake Gussaki akhoza kulimbana. Mu kuswana nyengo Gussaki masiku ochepa akhoza kukhala ndi njala, kulondera akazi awo zina Gusakov.

Dzira atagona atsekwe - mazira 10 mpaka 50 pa chaka. Makamaka kuwala mitundu atsekwe akhwime kugonana miyezi 6 zakubadwa, lolemera thanthwe wokonzeka kawetedwe ndi miyezi 9 okha. Kulemera tsekwe mazira ndi kuchokera 150 mpaka 190g (pafupifupi 170g). Tima kupanga dzira akupitiriza miyezi 3,5-9. Kutalika kwa makulitsidwe a tsekwe mazira - masiku 28-30.

Chonde atsekwe anakhudzidwa ndi: mpweya kutentha, ndi ndondomeko ya usana ndi usiku, nthawi ya masana. Kuwala kumapangitsa: kukula ndi chitukuko cha nkhukuyo, kukhwima, molting, chiyambi cha ulimi dzira ndi mbali yaikulu pa mapeto a ulimi dzira.

Tsiku lowala kwambiri limapangitsa kuti mbalameyo isasunthidwe, imakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la chipolopolo ndi mazira ambiri. Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa maola a usana kumapangitsa kuti mvula isayambe mwamsanga komanso kutha kwa dzira.

Kuonjezera apo, nthawi yobereketsa, spermatogenesis insekwe imayamba, monga lamulo, masabata awiri pambuyo pake kusiyana ndi dzira-lokhala ndi tsekwe, kotero mazira oyambirira, monga lamulo, amakhalabe osapangidwira. Kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi ya maola 8 mpaka 14, kunayamba pafupi masiku 7-10 isanayambe dzira lokha, limathamangira kukonzekera kwa gander kwa nyengo yoyamba.

Pansi pazinthu zachilengedwe, kuunikira kwazinthu zachilengedwe kumayamba kufera kumapeto kwa February kapena kumayambiriro kwa March. Ngati ndi kotheka, mukhoza kusintha nthawi yoyambira mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa January - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa February. Ngati mupanga microclimate yabwino mu January mu jamu, mwachitsanzo, Sungani kutentha kwabwino mu chipinda ndikuwonjezera tsiku lowala kwa maola 14, pogwiritsa ntchito kuunikira. Ulamulirowu uyenera kusungidwa mpaka tsiku lachilengedwe likhale maora 14. Nthawi zina, atsekwe amachititsa kuti nthawi yambiri ikhale yopanda dzira, yomwe imawathandiza kuti ayambe kuchulukitsa nthawi ziwiri.

Atsekwe amathamanga tsiku lonse, kotero ngakhale mbalame yoipitsitsa idzayendetsedwa kwa mwezi umodzi. Choncho, ngati mukukonzekera kulandira anapiye, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kulunjika kwa masiku 30-40. Ndikofunika kuchotsa mazira pa zisa nthawi, kuziyika mabokosi mumodzi umodzi, makamaka pa shavings kapena utuchi. Zosonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zisa za mazira ndibwino kuti zizindikire - zomwe zimatuluka ndi tsiku la chiwonongeko. Mazira ayenera kusungidwa m'kabokosibokosi kutentha kwa 7-13 ° C, kutembenuza bokosi limodzi mbali imodzimodzi tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndi yosungirako, mazira a mazira amakhalanso ndi moyo.

Ndi mazira angati omwe angatenge? Mofanana ndi tsekwe zimatha kutenthetsa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolemera 11-13. Pansi pa tsekwe zazikulu podkladyvayut zambiri, pansi pazing'ono. Nkofunika kuti nkhuku iphimbe mazira bwino.

Funso lofunika kwambiri: Kodi atsekwe amatenga mazira, makamaka ngati nkhuku yokha imachokera ku chofungatira? Kutentha kwa chilengedwe kuyenera kuwuka, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha makulitsidwe. Mu mbozi muyenera kuyatsa moto, kutitsani kutentha kwa mpweya, osachepera pang'ono. Pamene tsekwe zikukhala, zotentha zimathetsedwa.

Mfundo ina yofunikira: zitsamba za goose ziyenera kukonzedwa kamodzi, kapena kuti, komwe atsekwe akuthamanga, pamenepo ayenera kuzungulira. Mabedi akale ayenera kutenthedwa ndi majeremusi. Mu chisa timatsanulira zinyalala zatsopano, musaiwale kuwonjezera mchiwawa, pamwamba pa chisa tiyikamo mu tsekwe lalikulu. Pamene tsekwe zonse zikukhala pa zisa, asiyeni akhale masiku 2-3. Kuti mukhale pansi, nkofunika kuti mazira awiri kapena atatu azigona mu chisa. Zikhoza kukhala mazira abwino-osagwirizana, ndi chipolopolo choipa, chakale, ndi zina zotero.

Kuwuka kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, komanso mazira omwe ali kale mu chisa, kumathandiza tsekwe kukhala motalika mu bokosi mutatha kutenga dzira. Mazira omwe ali m'chisawa amachititsa kuti mapepala am'mimba asokonezeke, omwe amachititsa kuti makinawo asamangidwe. Ngati mumapanga zinthu izi mu nyumba ya nkhuku, zotsatira zake sizingakhalepo nthawi yayitali. Pamene tsekwe zimakhala, ndiko kuti, iwo amakhala mwamphamvu pa 2-3wo amaika mazira, akhoza kutsatiridwa ndi mazira abwino, kuika pambali kuti asungidwe mu makatoni. Kuchokera nthawi ino, nthawi yotsitsimula imayamba. Mazira kuti azikhala bwino madzulo, chifukwa cha ma 13-15 ma PC. Pansi pa tsekwe lililonse, malingana ndi kutentha mumsewu ndi m'chipinda, kukula kwa atsekwe ndi mazira, koma kuti tsekwe ndi thupi lake zikhale zophimba mazira.

Mukamawotcha, tsekwe ziyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopita kumadzi komanso kudyetsa pansi pamtunda. Pamene mukudyetsa, yang'anani chisacho, chotsani mazira ophwanyika. Pambuyo povula chisa ndi mazira, kuyambitsa atsekwe, onetsetsani kuti sakhala m'matope a anthu ena. Kuonjezera zokolola za goslings, mazira ayenera kuikidwa pansi pa tsekwe-nkhuku pasanathe masiku khumi pambuyo poti awonongeke, moyenera - 5-7.

Ena amayesa kuti mazira onse apite nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze ana omwe ali ndi zaka zomwezo, zomwe zimayamba kuyendetsa atsekwe ndi gulu limodzi. Ena amakonda kupanga zisa ndi nkhuku monga momwe mazira amapezera, motero amachulukitsa chiwerengero cha mazira omwe amachotsedwa komanso oyenera kuyamwa mazira, makamaka.

Ngati ntchentche ikhala ikuphwanya, ndiye kuti chibadwa chafalikira ndipo ataya chisa, musachifulumire. Chaka chotsatira, mwinamwake, chidzakhala nkhuku yabwino, ndipo mazira a chaka chachiwiri cha tsekwe ali 15-20% kuposa anyamata. "Talente" yokhala ndi atsekwe imachokera. Kotero, pozindikira ngakhale nkhuku imodzi yabwino, inu mukhoza kuwonjezera nambala yawo nthawi zonse, ndikusiya pa fuko la ana aakazi a goose ili. Ndipo nkhuku zabwino, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, zidzakutumikirani kwa zaka zambiri monga chikhulupiriro ndi choonadi.

Ngati masiku asanu ndi awiri asanatenge mazira, aikeni mu beseni ndi madzi otentha (35-40 ° C) kuti afotokoze momasuka, ndiye mazira okhala ndi ziphuphu amayamba kusambira pakapita kanthawi. Mazira osankha osankhidwa amagawidwa mofanana pansi pa tsekwe. Pa tsiku la 28, ena amalangiza mazira kuwaza madzi. Mu tchizi za miyala yowala, nakale imayamba pa tsiku la 27 la makulitsidwe, mumtundu waukulu - pa 28 ndi 29, ndipo pa tsiku la 30-31 - ana onse.

Ngati chipinda chimakhala chozizira, nthawi yowonjezera imatha kuwonjezeka kufikira masiku makumi atatu, zimachitika kuti naklev ndi zotsatira zake zimayamba tsiku la 31. Kutentha kwa chilengedwe kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa mbalameyi.

Tsopano muyenera kusankha: kaya mutenge goslings m'nyumba kapena kusiya mayi.

Ngati nkhuku imakhala yolemetsa komanso yosasunthika, ndipo nkhuku zimatengedwa mosasamala, ndiko kuti, zina zouma, zimakhala tsiku lonse tsiku lonse, ndipo mazira angapo amakhala pansi pa mbalame, choyamba ndikofunika kuti pansi pa chipolopolo mukhale nkhuku, kuchepetsa mazira otsala M'madzi, ayenera kusuntha, kukhala ngati zinthu zamoyo. Atayika goslings, atatha kuuma, ndi bwino kuwatengera m'nyumba. Ntchito ya anapiye omwe amakoka amachititsa kuti ntchentche ikwere pamwamba pa chisa, kuti asaphwanye ana, ndi omwe adakali m'mazira, pomwe atsimikiza kuti azizizira komanso amafa. Nkhuku ziyenera kutenthedwa, mu makatoni, komwe kutentha kuli pafupi 30 ° C ndikudikirira kuchoka kwa ena onse. Zofooka zofooka zimayikidwa mu bokosi lotentha, kumene kutentha kumakhala pa 35 ° C. Atsekwe amphamvu amakhala wogawanika pansi pa mapiko a tsekwe usiku. Goose ndi wosiyana ndi amayi kwa nthawi yaitali sungakhoze kusungidwa - pokhala atagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa munthu, samayandikira mazira. Goose amaloledwa kuthamanga ku tsekwe, kuyang'ana khalidwe la amayi. Mpaka usiku, atsekwe adzathetsedwa ndikugawidwa pakati pa tsekwe. Ngati pansi pa imodzi mwa iwo iwo amasonkhanitsa zambiri, osankhidwa pang'ono amasankhidwa ndikuikidwa pansi pa mapiko a ena atsekwe. M'tsogolomu, idzakhala gulu lophatikizana pansi pa chitetezo cha tsekwe ndi gander.

Eya, nkhuku yanu ikachita mosamala ndi chitsimikizo mu chisa, simungathe kudandaula - palibe nkhuku sidzaiwalika kapena kumangoyanjidwa ndi amayi. Pa nthawiyi muyenera kungosamala kuti tsekwe zimatha kuchoka chisa ndi kubwerera. Kuti muchite izi, mukuyenera kuwakonzera njira yopitirako komanso kulowa m'chisa. Pamaso pa anawo, osati kutali ndi chisa, nkofunikira kuika zakumwa ndi tiyi yaing'ono ndi chakudya kwa ana, tirigu ndi chidebe cha madzi kwa amayi awo. Chidebe - kuonetsetsa kuti ntchentche silingakhoze kukwera mu chidebe cha madzi ndi kumira mmenemo.

Goose wabwino amatsata bwino ana, amawatsitsimutsa pambuyo chakudya, kuwaitanira iwo mu chisa. Chisacho chiyenera kuchoka kwa sabata, kenako chichotsedwe, ndipo m'malo mwake, ziponye zida zazikulu za udzu wouma. Ana amaikidwa pamabedi abwino ndi zokondweretsa. Ngati kutenthedwa kale mumsewu, ndiye atsekwe ndi amayi awo amatha kumasulidwa pa udzu mwamsanga, atangoyima molimba pamapazi awo. Ngati pali zitsulo zambiri, ndiye kuti n'zotheka kuthamangako kumalo odyera pokhapokha mayi ndi ana atakumbukira bwino. Chifukwa nthawi zina abakha amanyalanyaza akhoza kukwera kumsana pansi pa amayi a wina. Ziphuphu zina, nthawi zina, zimakhala zowawa kwambiri kwa anapiye, zimatha kuvulaza tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Gusiata ali ndi kukula kwakukulu, ndipo makamaka kukula mwamsanga mwezi woyamba wa moyo. Ngati m'zaka zapitazo, zolemera zamoyozo ndi 100-120 g, ndiye kuti masiku 30 ndi oposa 2 kg. Kwa masiku 60-70 kukula kwa goslings ndi kudya bwino ndi kukonzanso kumawonjezera kulemera kwake koyambirira 35-40, kufika 4-4.5 makilogalamu.

Pali malingaliro awiri otsutsana pa kumene gander ayenera kukhala nthawi yomweyo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti nthawi yomwe mwana amawotcha ndi kutaya ana atsekwe, amatha kusiya. Pamene nyengo imakhala yotentha, yotentha, dzuwa, achinyamata ndi amayi amaloledwa ku udzu kuti "asawotchedwe" dzuwa ndikutuluka, kuyang'ana momwe amachitira. Ena samatanthauzira gander kumalo ena, pamene tsekwe zimakhala pa mazira, kukhulupirira kuti siziwalepheretsa ndipo zimakhala zomveka. Kumva za squeak ya anapiye, amabwera ku chisa, amamenya mutu wake mkati, ali ndi chidwi, samakhumudwitse goslings. Wokondwa kwambiri pamene tsekwe zimachoka pa chisa ndi goslings.

Mitundu ya atsekwe yamoyo imakhala yosiyana kwambiri, yomwe ndiyo, imafalitsidwa bwino ndi cholowa. Gusevod, ngati ikukhumba, ikhoza kukweza bwino kulemera kwake kwa atsekwe omwe amawatsogolera, kusankha mazira akuluakulu kuti azisakanikirana ndi kusiya zazikazi zazikulu pamtundu. Pa mazira akuluakulu, nkhuku zazikulu za tsiku ndi tsiku zidzasungunuka, zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira. Ngati nkhumbayi idzawagwiritsira ntchito ndi kubereka, iwo adzanyamula mazira aakulu ndi zina zotero. Chotsatira chake, kulemera kwake kwa moyo wa atsekwe kumakula mofulumira. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi imodziyi, kubereka kwa mbalameyo kumachepetsa mokwanira: dzira kupanga, feteleza ndi mazira a mazira. Izi zimakhalapo chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chilengedwe pakati pa kulemera kwake kwa mbalame ndi kubereka kwake. Choncho, pamene abereketsa atsekwe, nkhuku yoyenera kuika nkhuku imayenera kusankha kulemera kwamtundu wa mbalame yomwe imawombera yomwe siimasokoneza kuwonetseredwa kwa chiberekero chokwanira komanso kumaliza makolo omwe ali ndi achinyamata oyenera kukula. Ndikofunikira kuti tisiyeni anthu a fuko kuchokera ku tsekwe ndi mazira apamwamba ndi atsekwe ndi zochitika zogonana kwambiri.

Mazira onse a atsekwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange tizilomboti, kotero kuti kubereka kwawo ndi zida zawo ziyenera kusungidwa ndi njira zonse pamwamba. Kuti atenge mazira odzaza, atsekwe ayenera kudyetsedwa bwino pa zakudya zonse zopatsa thanzi, makamaka mapuloteni ndi mavitamini.

Mbali za kudyetsa

Goose ndi mbalame yodyetserako ziweto, nyamakazi. Atsekwe amawotcha amadya udzu watsopano, ndipo msipu ndiwo gwero la mtengo wapatali la chakudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito malo odyetserako ziweto ndi mabwinja kumakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha atsekwe. Amatha kudya 2 kg ya wobiriwira patsiku. Atsekwe akuluakulu kumalo odyetserako ziweto amamasulidwa nthawi yomweyo kutha kwa dzira. Kudyetsa atsekwe mungagwiritse ntchito madzi osefukira ndi owuma, mitsinje. Kumene kulibe kuthekera koti atsegule atsekwe kuti azidyetserako ziweto, amasungidwa m'khola.

Pali njira zitatu zodyetsera atsekwe: zouma, zowuma komanso zogwirizana.

Nkhama yowuma, mbalame imalandira fodd wouma kapena granulated wothira fodders kapena mix mixtures. Njira yodyera imafuna chakudya chokwanira komanso vitamini-mineral supplementation ya zakudya zosakaniza. Mpata wake wa tsiku ndi tsiku ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa nthawi imodzi - m'mawa kupyolera pamabwalo a autocommunity, popanda kuwopsya. Ndi njira yowonongeka yopatsa, zakudya zoponderezedwa zimayambitsidwa ndi madzi, mkaka, chakudya chamadzimadzi, zitsamba zophika, zakudya zowonongeka, nyama ndi nsomba. Chakudya chosakanizidwa (poto-poto) amangozizira mosavuta m'chilimwe ndi kuzizizira m'nyengo yozizira. Choncho, iwo anaika pa feeders yomweyo asanadyetse. Muzophatikizana, zakudyazo zimakhala ndi zakudya zowuma komanso zowonongeka, pamene zakudya zowuma zimatha kusungidwa nthawi zonse, ogulitsa amadzi amagawira kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku.

Chakudya chosakaniza ndi chisakanizo chophatikizana cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono toyeretsedwera ndipo timadalira kukula kwake, komwe kumathandiza kuti nkhuku zisawonongeke.

Mafuta odzaza mafuta ambiri (PC) amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe osakanizika ndi granulated, mafakitale osakanikirana-amawunikira ndi osakaniza chakudya. PC - chisakanizo chomwe chimapereka mbalameyi mphamvu, zakudya ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosavuta popanda kudyetsa zakudya zina ndi zowonjezera (Table 1).

Chakudya cha granulated sichidziwika pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka chakudya, mbalameyi ilibe mwayi wosankha munthu wina aliyense chakudya chake, kudya kwake sikungasokonezedwe, kutayika kwake chifukwa cha malonda ndi fumbi zacheperachepera. Mu granules, biologically yogwira zinthu, makamaka carotene, mavitamini bwino kusungidwa; Pogwiritsa ntchito granulation chifukwa cha kupanikizika ndi kutentha, kuchepa kwa zakudya kumatuluka ndipo zina inhibitors (zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kuchepa kwa thupi) zimawonongedwa.

Ma fodders osakanikirana amapindula ndi tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timapanga - premixes.

Nthanga za tirigu ndizofunikira kwambiri pa zakudya za atsekwe pokhapokha panthawi yovuta kwambiri. Pazirombo za nkhuku, chimanga, tirigu, balere, oats, mapira, manyuchi, chumise, rye, buckwheat groats ndi zitsamba zamagwiritsidwe ntchito (Table 2).

Atsekwe amasangalala kudya zakudya zowonjezera, zowutsa komanso zowonjezereka, chifukwa cha zosowa zawo. Masana, tsekwe zimatha kudya 2 kg kapena kuposa udzu wobiriwira, umene umakhutitsa gawo lalikulu la zosowa za thupi lake mu zakudya ndi mavitamini. Kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, m'nyengo yozizira ndi kumayambiriro kasupe atsekwe kupereka 300 g wabwino udzu ufa tsiku. Zili bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri mavitamini mazira ndi khalidwe la nsapato za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuphulika kwa atseti pa msipu wobiriwira kumatheketsa kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chakudya chimodzi chokwanira pafupipafupi kawiri, kuchepetsa mtengo wogwira ntchito ndi mtengo wa nyama. Chakudya chochuluka kwambiri monga chimanga cha chimanga pamtundu wosweka, mapira kapena oat phala, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwamphamvu, 200 g pamutu. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi atsekwe a zouma zowuma bwino ndi bwino kwambiri ngati iwo ali okondwa ndi zakumwa zozizira kwambiri ndi kuwonjezera shuga wa shuga ndi mbatata yophika. Atsekwe bwino amakoka fiber ya balere, oats, nandolo. Popeza zakudya zakutchire zapamwamba zimakhala zotsika mtengo, zimachepetsa mtengo wa kudya ndi mtengo wa nyama ya nkhuku. M'mimba yopweteka ya atsekwe, chimangidwe cha chakudya chachikuluchi chikuchitika. Izi ndizotheka ngati pali miyala yaying'ono m'mimba, yomwe ingakhale imodzimodzi mpaka zidutswa 30. Kuwonjezera m'matumbo opindika, chifukwa cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana za tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, mbali zina za zomera zowonjezera m'maselo zimatsekedwa. Kuyika kwa mapulogalamu, kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya, mu atsekwe muli 45-55%, omwe ali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya nkhuku.

Table 1 Kuyika zakudya zosakaniza za atsekwe

Zopangira

Chakudya chosakaniza chapamwamba

Chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni otsika kwambiri

Mbewu  

40

43

Tirigu  

20

20

Balere

7th

9th

Oats kapena mapira

3

-

Mbewu ya mpendadzuwa

10

7th

Nkhumba za yisiti

2

4

Tirigu wa chimanga

2

2

Maluwa

3

2

Nyama-fupa chakudya

1

-

Maluwa

4

4

ufa Rakushechnaya

3.5

4.5

choko

3

3

mchere

0.5

0.5

kukonzekera vitamini

1

1

Total:

100

100

Kuyambira zokoma ndi wobiriwira silage kudyetsedwa kwa nkhuku kaloti, sikwashi, shuga Beet, mbatata, kabichi, nyemba, udzu ndi forbs. Roughage (udzu, udzu chakudya ndi zinyalala, masamba) ngati wobiriwira wolemera mu mavitamini. Daily mlingo wa zimadalira mtundu ndi zaka mbalame.

Green misa mu mwatsopano Ndimatchetcha ngati atsekwe ndi imayambira feeders osiyana, ndi ufa - anawonjezera kuti phala kuchuluka kwa 40-50% ya chakudya. Atsekwe kulabadira mtundu ndi fungo la chakudya. Iwo kugonjera kwa forage wobiriwira, kumangodya zomera ndi tsamba kulimbikira tsamba: horsetail ndi karoti nsonga za zomera za m'madzi - duckweed. Kuyambira dzinthu ngati udzu tirigu, dambo bluegrass, Mapila achinyamata ndi rye; nyemba - nyemba ndi clover.

Atsekwe ndi chidwi kwambiri bwino, kotero iwo akhoza kudya chakudya mu mdima. Usiku, makamaka m'bandakucha, amatha kudya chakudya kuposa masana, kotero gusevody kusiya chakudya feeders usiku, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri, makamaka kuswana nyengo.

Table 2 Chiyerekezo zofunika kutsatira atsekwe chakudya (g pa mutu pa tsiku)

poop

nyengo yozizira

The nyengo yofunda

yambewu

50

-

nandolo chimodzi-chidutswa

50

40

chinangwa tirigu

50

50

nandolo wosweka

100

100

Grass chakudya, udzu, silage

500

-

Beets, kaloti, mbatata

500

-

greenery

-

1500

Chipolopolo, choko, anajambulapo

15

10

mchere

2

3

Atsekwe amakonda chakudya wokoma. Iwo ali ubwino ndi ndende ya chakudya. Potsutsana ndi fructose ndende 1.5 ndi 3%, iwo sadzakhala kukana 10- 20 peresenti njira. Ndi otsika kalori zakudya kulakalaka mbalame amadya zotsekemera chakudya.

yambewu Brewer a kudyetsedwa atsekwe magalamu 30-35 patsiku. Yisiti youma wophika mkate ndi Brewer akhoza anadzetsa zakudya za achinyamata ochokera tsiku lachisanu la moyo. Youma zamkati Beet akhoza upatsidwa 10% mwa kulemera kwa chakudya kulimbikira.

Kuyambira nyama chakudya ntchito nyama, nyama ndi fupa nsomba ndi magazi chakudya, mkaka waufa, buttermilk ndi kutungira mkaka, nsomba ndi biscuit nyama, magazi atsopano, nyama inedible mafuta. The chakudya youma nyama sayenera upambana 7% ya chakudya.

Malinga njira kudya ikuchitika ndi ofanana chakudya lokonzekera, kuwapanga mosavuta kudya, bwino digestibility ndi assimilability.

mbewu muzu pamaso kudyetsa mwayeretsa kuchokera ku dothi, ndasambitsa ndi wophwanyika. Mbali ya chakudya yaufa komanso milled. Pamene onongani mbewu zakudya mosavuta kuti chimbudzi ndi magwiritsidwe ndi kuwonjezeka pamwamba pa kukhudzana ndi mucosa wa kapepalako m'mimba ndi timadziti. Komanso, zigawo bwino zakudya ali osokonezeka ndi mzake.

Ufulu zimadalira mtundu ndi zaka mbalame. Pali tuzigawo twa zotsatirazi akupera: zabwino akupera - 0.2 mamilimita pafupifupi - 1 1.8 mm, lalikulu - 1.8-2.8 mm. Wamkulu mbalame zofunika kupereka lalikulu kachigawo (pafupifupi) umapezeka achinyamata