Gulu la umboni Kuthi chigawenga. Lingaliro la umboni Kuthi chigawenga

Tanthauzo ndi gulu la umboni azamalamulo kulilingalira m'mbuyomo funso kodi mayeso wachifwamba Russia, nanga ntchito izo anachita. Malingaliro a olemba maloya chikutanthauza osokoneza ndiponso mosalekeza.

Lingaliro la Kuthi chigawenga

Mu lingaliro kwambiri ambiri a ndondomeko chigawenga lakonzedwa kuti vuto la poika chilango chabe amene mlandu, ndipo kukhazikitsa kwa nzika wosalakwa. Njira zothetsera iwo ndi procedural mawonekedwe (kapena ya zochita zake ndi njira zotchulidwa Wachifwamba Kayendesedwe Code la Chitaganya cha Russia).

M'lingaliro amachepetsa, ndondomeko chigawenga - ndi proactive matupi yofufunzira, Ofufuza apolisi ndi mabwalo amilandu, kupereka chisangalalo kufufuza, ndi mapeto a milandu chigawenga.

Ntchito za Kuthi chigawenga

• Chitetezo cha zinthu yovomerezeka, ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa nzika ndi mabungwe.
• Mofulumira, mofulumira ndi wathunthu Kuwulura upandu kapena amene ali mu ndondomeko kukonzekera.
• Kuzindikiritsidwa ndi chilango cha anthu udindo, komanso kukhazikitsa mfulu wosalakwa.
• Ntchito bwino ndi kutanthauzira kwa Constitution, malamulo adziko lonse ndipo anazindikira mu ndondomeko ya mfundo chilungamo chigawenga.

Chapadera kwambiri ndi gulu la umboni Kuthi chigawenga. Koma poyamba tifunika kumasulila lingaliro kwambiri ndi ntchito zake bwino.

Location umboni m'chitsimikizo kuyan'anila za la Russia

Mu Part 1 Article 6 a Code la Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba ikuti kuti cholinga cha Kuthi chigawenga makamaka pofuna kuteteza zofuna ndi ufulu yovomerezeka mabungwe ndi anthu amene kuvulala chifukwa cha upandu. Chachiwiri, ndi kuteteza anthu ndi atamunamizira chosemphana ndi umboni, komanso bwalo mlandu ndi kuletsa ufulu ndi kumasulika.

Kukhazikitsa cholinga ichi mu chimango cha Kuthi chigawenga wakhala wapolisiyo, wapolisiyo, ofesi wozenga mlandu ndi khoti. Chimodzi chachikulu cha ntchito iyi ndi njira umboni. Nkofunika kuti Mulimonse, kanthu kapena mfundo amasiya m'mbuyo kuda mu dziko chuma chenicheni kapena zithunzi zamaganizo m'maganizo. Lingaliro la umboni Kuthi chigawenga amatenga mfundo izi ngati maziko. Ndime zotsatirazi ndi chinyezimiro cha mulandu chigawenga pamaziko kufufuza awo akuluakulu abwezeretse chithunzi cha zimene zinachitika, limafotokoza mmene zinthu zilili, munthu amene anachita upandu, zolinga zake. Choncho, umboni Kuthi chigawenga - zonse deta chenicheni, zenizeni m'moyo analandira ndi mbiri yabwino mu mawonekedwe mosavomerezeka, njira imene analankhula nkhani ya pamaso pa upandu, kusalakwa kapena mlandu wa munthu, ndi zina zogwirizana pansi kufufuza za mlandu .

katundu wa umboni

Lingaliro la umboni Kuthi chigawenga ukudalira katundu wawo. Mmodzi wa chachikulu - kufunika izi, mwachitsanzo mphamvu kuvomereza kapena kukana aliyense wa zochitika yoona za kufunika kwa kufufuza pansi pa mlandu. Mbali yachiwiri - ichi ndi chifukwa chodya. Ndi luso mfundo zimene zapangitsa kuti ntchito mu mayesero ngati umboni. Izo ziyenera kupangidwa chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu ovomerezeka: wapolisiyo ndipo wapolisiyo, khoti. umboni ayenera kuwapeza njira imodzi imene anapereka lamulo:

• umboni wa akuganiza kapena mlandu;
• mbiri investigative ndi amadzudzulidwa ;
• umboni wa woberedwa, mboni;
• umboni wooneka;
• umboni ndi akatswiri maganizo a katswiri ;
• umboni ndi chiweruzo akatswiri;
• zikalata zina.

umboni deta ndondomeko ayenera kutsatira ndondomeko anakhazikitsa lamulo. Kukonza iwo ayeneranso chinanena mu Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati umboni wa gulu Kuthi (woberedwa, umboni, ndi mlandu, ndi akuganiza), iwo ayenera kukonzekera mu mawonekedwe a mafunso.

Ziwiri zina zofunika - ndi kudalirika ndi chokwanira. Kuzindikira choyamba cha mmene zinthu zogwirizana umboni wa zimene zinachitika zochitika. Iwo akhoza kuzindikira nduna iliyonse. Koma m'malo mwa State kuvomereza umboni bwalo zitha kukhala odalirika. Pansi chokwanira anatanthauza katundu amene ali umboni wa luso deta kukhazikitsa zochitika zonse, popanda yekha, imvera umboni. Pamaziko a katundu, chikhalidwe ndi zinthu zina zochokera gulu la umboni Kuthi chigawenga.

umboni inadmissible

Lingaliro la inadmissibility umboni umagwiritsidwa, ngati si anakumana zonse zofunika zimenezi. The lamulo zodziwika mndandanda deta kuti saloledwa ntchito Kuthi chigawenga. Zotsatirazi likukhudza kuti:

• umboni wa mlandu kapena akuganiza tinasonkhanitsa pa Kuthi chisanadze mlandu, wopanda pamaso pa uphungu kapena, ngati iwo anakana izo, koma mfundo imeneyi si anatsimikizira pa kumva;
• umboni zopezera njira ya mafunso umboni kapena wolakwiridwayo, zochokera mphekesera kapena maganizo, komanso zambiri kuwapeza mboni, gwero umene iye akukana kuitana;
• umboni wina uliwonse akamagwira njira zomwe otsutsana ndi Code.

Gulu la umboni mu mayesero kuyan'anila za la Russia

Chimatanthauza ndi kugawa kulekana mu magulu osiyanasiyana. The umboni chomwecho ingaperekedwe kwa magulu osiyana. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi patsinde pa gulu umboni angakhale osiyana :. Gwero kupeza, kugwirizana kwa nkhani za umboni, etc. Pa nkhani imeneyi akhoza otchulidwa magulu otsatirawa:

1. Koyamba ndi ena ofanana - malingana ndi chikhalidwe ndi khalidwe la gwero la umboni mu Kuthi chigawenga. Zoyambazo monga umboni wa anthu, chida cha upandu, yoyambirira yeniyeni mapepala osiyana. Choncho umboni kuwapeza magwero chachikulu. Apo ayi, mfundo gwero amene walandira mfundo zinafunika ku gwero lina, wotchedwa ofanana nawo. Mwachitsanzo: kuda osiyana olembedwa anachoka pa zochitika, kapena mboni amene kuzindikirike ndi mawu a mboni yoona ndi maso, makope a zikalata.
2. Gulu la umboni azamalamulo, malingana ndi luso lawo kutsimikiza kapena kukana funso ngati munthu wina wolakwa pa kuchita kachitidwe chigawenga. Gulu loyamba - ndi wolakwa, zimasonyeza kuti kuli umbanda, kuvumbula mlandu, komanso kukulitsa, ngati bwalo adzam'peza wolakwa. Gulu lachiwiri - kulungamitsa, iwo, Komano, akusonyeza kuti iye analibe corpus delicti ndi zifukwa anthu kapena kuchepetsa sentensi. Chitsanzo pulayimale ndi chinthu monga alibi bwino kwa onse. Iyi ndi umboni exculpatory, kutanthauza kulephera kupeza munthu pa upandu powonekera pa nthawi ya ntchito zake.
3. Gawo ndi mitundu ya umboni, malingana ndi ubale wawo ku phunziro la umboni. Iwo akhoza kukhala mwachindunji ndi zina. Ntchito yaikulu ya anthu zikugwira kufufuza za upandu - ndi chiphatikizo cha umboni mwachindunji onena zoona mlanduwo popanda intermediaries. Mwachitsanzo, umboni wa ndi maso (mboni) kuti adamnenera anavutika woberedwa, kapena umboni wa wovulalayo. umboni umboni anatchulapo zochitika mlanduwo pansi kufufuza mwa njira zina mwa mfundo zokhwima. Mwachitsanzo: a zipsera munthu chala, ndi mbiri chigawenga (zimafika kapena ayi) pa botolo kapena galasi opezeka pa powonekera. Pali umboni wambiri wokhudza mlandu si zokwanira, muyenera kuika wololera kwathunthu causal ubale komanso zinthu zinachitika, kuteteza mwangozi mwangozi.
4. Personal ndi lenileni. Gawo ili la umboni azamalamulo zachokera kusiyana pakati pa chikhalidwe cha chonyamulira zambiri. Zofunika - izi, ndithudi, zinthu zakuthupi za dziko, amene anasonyeza zizindikiro za zimachitika munthu kapena zinthu zina zogwirizana ndi zochitika pansi kufufuza. umboni Personal - ndi amene zochokera maganizo a munthu maganizo ndi kuzindikira zimene zikuchitika. Izi makamaka monga umboni wa ophunzira ndondomeko chigawenga, kuphatikizapo akatswiri akatswiri, komanso maganizo ake ndi zikalata zina.

umboni wooneka

Izi ndi zinthu za dziko chuma, mtundu wa munthu, chikhalidwe cha omwe kugwirizana ndi chochitika. The zinthu okha ndi njira umboni ndi umboni - ndi katundu wawo ndi makhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, malaya a mtundu winawake wa firearm. Gulu la umboni ikuchitika ndi mfundo mofanana chonse pamodzi. Mu gawo 1 Nkhani 81 ya Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba imalemba milandu imene zinthu zonse zogwirika angathe kukhala udindo wa umboni.

Umboni monga mawonekedwe a weniweni

Oterewa zinthu maziko a zinthu za mdziko cholinga, ambiri amangoti matabwa, zitsulo pepala, amene amasunga zizindikiro panopa ntchito zolembedwa. The mabuku ambiri ndi gulu zotsatirazi umboni olembedwa:

• malingana ndi chiyambi phunziro la: nduna ndipo paokha;
• chikhalidwe cha zili: Buku ndipo mudziwe (malipoti, Mphindi, makalata, etc.) ndi makalata a boma (mwachitsanzo, wotuluka anaphedwa kulemba);
• mawonekedwe: yosavuta, njira kuvomerezedwa ndi wokhutira (mwachitsanzo, satifiketi kubadwa) zosiyanasiyana notarized (wokhala kapena wopanda kulembetsa pa kayendetsedwe ka m'mimba mwake).

umboni akuganiza

Gulu la umboni Kuthi chigawenga anafotokoza gulu wawo. Izi ndi zomwe analandira pa kufufuza kuyambirira, chifukwa cha kufunsidwa ndi, chokongoletsedwa m'njira zolamulidzwazo potsata mwambo ndipo lingathe kuyambitsa mu ulemu wa munthu ndi kufunsidwa ndi mlandu komanso ntchito m'ndende kapena zina muyeso njira. Mafunso ikuchitika palibe pasanafike tsiku atamangidwa, ndipo mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za malamulo kuyan'anila za la Russia. Zikuonetsa kuti ndi mfiti kusiyana ndi chakuti mwa iwo kulandira mauthenga pa zoyenereza pa milandu kale.

Umboni wa woberedwa, umboni

Kufunsidwa ndi ofanana, koma pali kusiyana. Potsimikizira atavutika ngati ntchito, komanso ufulu wawo yovomerezeka. kufunsidwa akhoza kukhala ndi chongoganiza. Koma m'pofunika kupenda mfundo analandira mwachikulu, monga munthu nkhawa. Mboni sangathe umboni achibale, nokha, mwamuna kapena mkazi. Ndi ufulu wa nzika iliyonse la Russia, monga enshrined mu Constitution. Nthawi zina ndi udindo mfundo zabodza kapena kusiya iwo.

Katswiri umboni ndi katswiri

kufunsidwa The ikuchitika pambuyo maganizo analandira pa funso pansi kuphunzira, ncholinga powunikira kapena kufotokoza zina. Zikuonetsa ntchito akatswiri pamene zinthu ankafufuza mlandu amafuna nkhani ya munthu ndi nzeru zapadera mmunda uliwonse wa ntchito akatswiri.

Choncho, tinganene kuti gulu ndi mitundu umboni Kuthi chigawenga ali osiyanasiyana ndipo agawanika pa malo osiyanasiyana ndi malo.