Gulu mphamvu.

Gulu mphamvu - njira imene mogwirizana wa determinants chikhalidwe ndi maganizo (zimayambitsa) amene akhoza kubweretsa kusintha khalidwe la anthu amene amapanga gulu. Mawu amenewa Kurt Lewin anayambitsa mu 1934 mu munda wa mankhwala, monga kuwerenga maganizo ndi misala. Cholinga ndi maganizo mankhwala gulu si kukhazikitsidwa kwa mogwirizana gulu, komanso mu mphamvu ya gulu ndi aliyense wa anthu ake constituent kwa zinthu zosangalatsa ndi kuchira.

mphamvu Gulu salembedwa kugawidwa mu magawo atatu akulu akulu:

1) sitepe ya kugwilizana;

2) masitepe a chizindikiritso;

3) kupatsa sitepe.

Pa siteji ya anthu am'gululo kugwilizana kuyamba amayamba kukopa kwa mzake payekha, gulu lonse la lonse ndipo adokotala. Kukhala enieni kwambiri, iwo ndi kuyamba kusuntha pamalo a chikomokere adziteteze kwa dziko lawo lamkati, kuti ubwenzi wake ndi gwero lachisokonezo kapena wina ndi mzake vuto la maganizo dongosolo adawatenga kwa gulu ili. Komabe, iwo salola makhalidwe kunja ndi malingaliro, ndipo Mukungoyamba kuti avule chitetezo awo ndi makhalidwe kunja ndi kutenga malamulowo ndi malangizo ntchito mu gulu, amene anali kuperekedwa ndi Dr .. Umayamba kukhala kwawo, koma chabe commonality ofunda anthu gulu. Koma popeza anthu osiyana, ndi ndondomeko ya anatengera maganizo uliwonse amathamanga pa liwiro osiyana.

Pa siteji ya chizindikiritso cha mphamvu gulu inakulitsidwa maonekedwe kufunitsitsa mwa gululi sadzatero yokhala ndi ndi nawo ndi luntha kumva maganizo a ena ndi kukambirana nawo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, akutulukira m'dera mwamwayi lingaliro la wina "ife" gulu, ngakhale ena kutsutsana ndi kukana aliyense payekha gulu la wina ndi mzake.

Pa siteji ya ndondomeko ntchito chikuchitika kutenga aliyense payekha gulu la makhalidwe kale aumbike mwa magawo yapita yake, ngakhale ofunitsitsa uzititsogolera lawolawo m'malo awo.

Lingaliro la mphamvu gulu zikuphatikizapo ngati zothandiza zinthu achire ngati chikuoneka chiyembekezo, mgwirizano mu timu, mwachidule ndi gulu lonse, kupereka mfundo ena, kuphunzira lotha, kutengerapo angapo, kutukula luso la kulankhulana lotha, simulating khalidwe la muyezo.

Taonani zina mwa izi, ndithudi, zinthu zopindulitsa:

Cohesion. Khalani wasonyeza kuti ambiri mwa ophunzira zambiri osungulumwa ndi maganizo kapena thupi, zimene pamapeto, zimapangitsa anthu kukhala kupanda pake, osatetezeka, nkhawa mkulu. mphamvu gulu zimathandiza kuthetsa muzu, kutanthauza kusungulumwa, chifukwa mu magulu amene akhazikitsidwa bwinobwino, pali affilyatsiya - kudzimva anthu a ammudzi. Motero, pali otetezeka ndi kumverera nkhawa akhoza kutha kwathunthu.

Kulimbikitsa chiyembekezo. Zimachitika kuti mphamvu gulu ndi ogwirizana osati anthu amene angakuthandizeni pa wina ndi mzake, koma iwo m'mavuto, kuchepetsa kudzikayikira, ndi kuyikidwa mu yowaza kukayikira. Choncho, posankha gulu la akatswiri ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi kuganizira zomwe mwakonda munthu aliyense wodwala.

Generalization. Izi zotsatira ali pafupi kwambiri zotsatira za cohesion, kuyambira kusankha gulu la madokotala motsogozedwa ndi nkhawa wamba mamembala a gulu lililonse makamaka. Pamene ophunzira onani owazungulira anthu ndi mavuto ofanana, kusungulumwa Mwamsanga, pali chiyembekezo, pamodzi ndi iwo adzakhala kuwonjezera mwayi bwino chithandizo.