Gunboats "Korea", "Sivush", "Beaver", "Gilyak", "Hivinets", "wolimba", "Usyskin" alemba ndi zitsanzo

Gunboat (gunboats gunboat) ndi kuuluka warship, zimene zimaonetsa zida zamphamvu. Chinali cholinga kuchita ntchito kunkhondo ku madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nyanja ndi mitsinje. Nthawi zambiri ntchito kuteteza madoko.

Maonekedwe a gunboats ndi

Mu Russia, ambiri a nyanja, mitsinje ndi malire yaitali osaya madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Choncho, ntchito yomanga gunboats tinganene kuti mwambo, chifukwa Zombo Zankhondo ena sanathe kuchita ntchito wotere. Komabe, pamaso pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba anali sanakonzekere kubwezeretsa. Pa 1917 gunboats zaka 11 zokha, ena amene anayambitsa m'zaka 19 mochedwa.

Kwa ambiri a gunboats izi Civil nkhondo otsiriza. Iwo anapulumuka 2 okha gunboats - "Olimba Mtima" ndi "Hivinets". Choncho, okonza anawatenga monga maziko yopanga zombo zina zotsogola zida zankhondo.

"Olimba Mtima" - bwato wamkulu, amene anali gawo la cholowa cha mfumu. Mu Nyanja Baltic izo watumikira kwa zaka 63. Poyamba, ntchito zida ndi mfuti atatu (awiri 203 mamilimita ndi wina - 152 mm). Komabe, mu 1916 kuti akweza. Tsopano panali mfuti zisanu.

"Hivinets" analengedwa chipatala Gulf, choncho firepower zochokera mfuti ziwiri basi 120 mm. Koma pa bwato izi anali wabwino moyo.

Pambuyo 1917, maboti onse ali sanalinso kupanga latsopano chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo wolemekezeka.

lachitsanzo

Pamene zombo ndinamverera mphamvu ndi kupirira gunboats, anaganiza kuti alimbikitsidwe "zosowa za Far East." Ndipo ngakhale kuti nthawi latsopano si analamula nkhondo isanayambe. The prototypes woyamba anali "wolimba" ndi "Hivinets".

Pambuyo wamakono anayamba Zojambula za bwato mtundu "Gilyak". Komabe, iwo anali ofooka kwambiri, ndi okonza ndayesera kulimbitsa magawo monga ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana. Koma analephera kuchita zimenezi. Popeza kuti panalibe zida apamwamba, gunboat sanapitirize kumanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito.

Ndiye pali "Ardahan" ndi "Kara". mbali zapadera izi kanlodok bodza mu ntchito ya zomera mphamvu dizilo. mankhwala mafuta panthawiyi kwambiri zilipo mitundu mafuta, kotero "Ardahan" ndi "Cara" anali yosafuna.

Kuyambira 1910, sitima Dipatimenti anaganiza pa wamakono zikuluzikulu. Ndipo ndi pamene ambiri gunboats ndi kale kukonzekera Launch, kuchititsa ntchito nkhondo. Chigamulo wapangidwa kulimbikitsa chitetezo ndi zida zankhondo. Zonsezi amakhudza kusodza. Choncho, anthu opitirira theka kanlodok anapita zomangira. Mtundu amatchedwa "Buryat".

Motero, zitsanzo za gunboats zonse zinasintha, wodzilemekeza ndi mtundu yamakono ya zida ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Palibe warship, amene zidzapanga iwo zinachitika wa Russian Ufumu mpaka lero.

Lodziwika bwino "Korea"

Gunboat "Korea" ntchito ku Far East kwa yimitsira za "ankhonya Kupanduka". Iwo anali gawo la zombo lonse. Pa nkhondo gunboat analandira kuvulala akuluakulu, unalasidwa ndi kuphedwa.

Pamaso Chirasha Japanese nkhondo gunboat "Korea" latembenuzidwira Korea doko Chemulpo. Pamodzi ndi iwo unapita woyamba udindo cruiser "Varyag". Pa February 8, oyendetsa za bwato anauzidwa kuti apite ku Port Arthur ndi akutumiza zamtendere. Komabe, doko watsekedwa, chifukwa mu njira ya "Korea" chinatsekedwa. Woyendetsa anaganiza kuti ndibwerere, kenako ofunkha mdani anaukira ndi torpedoes. Ngakhale tsopano tinaona kuti n'zotheka kuti zombo Japanese ndi yoyerekeza yekha.

Chifukwa oponya kuukira "Korea" umabala zipolopolo ziwiri. Iwo ndi oyamba mu Chirasha Japanese nkhondo.

Malinga polojekiti "Korea" gunboats ambiri omwe adamangidwa, amene ntchito masiku ano.

"Varyag" ndi "Korea": nkhondo njira yanu

Mu 1904, masana, kutetezedwa cruisers "Varyag" ndi gunboat "Korea" anapita kunkhondo ndi squadron Japanese, umene unatha pafupi ora. Against Zombo Zankhondo awiri anachita lonse Japanese zombo. Gunboat nawo mbali yomaliza ya nkhondo, kunyezimiritsa oponya kuukira. Ola limodzi pambuyo chiyambi cha nkhondo cruiser anayamba kuphwera, ndi gunboat "Korea" anatseka kuchoka kwake.

Pa nkhondo adani 52 zipolopolo anachotsedwa. Koma izi silinkachitidwa alibiretu kuwonongeka kapena imfa ku gunboat lapansi. Monga "Korea" anali warship ndi zida zamphamvu zida zankhondo, adani ake kunali kosatheka kupewa. Choncho Chemulpo anaukira anaganiza kuwomba izo. Bwato adalira anasamukira mkati mwa French cruiser "Pascal". Posakhalitsa anabweretsa okwera Russia.

Oyeretsa amene anatsogolera nkhondo, anapatsidwa mendulo ndi zipsera za kusiyana. Komanso, ndi Mendulo wapadera unakhazikitsidwa mu ulemu wa iwo. Choncho cruiser ndi gunboat anapanga mbiri.

Young gunboat "Hivinets"

Gunboat "Hivinets" ankhaimilira wamng'ono zombo zida zankhondo mu nthawi tsarist. Bukuli linapangidwa kuti kulowa ya Baltic zombo. Ngalawa ndi zolimba panyanja, koma ntchito ndi mtsinje ake zinthu. Ndipo iye molimba mtima amathandiza zinthu chowawa.

Gunboat "Hivinets" analamulidwa mu zaka 1904-1914, pamene anayamba kulimbitsa zombo Russian. Komabe, chitsanzo kwambiri wakhala lolunjika pa chaka chaka cha 1898. Mwatsoka, pambuyo amasulidwe chitsanzo palibe wamakono sanali chimene chapangitsa yopapatiza zinchito.

Tikumbukenso mphamvu ndi kupirira gunboats. Popeza kuti tipirire nkhondo zoterozo, pamene anafa zina, mnyamata zida zankhondo Zombo Zankhondo. Mwina n'chifukwa chake kale ntchito ngati zinachitika pomanga zombo.

Amunamuna "Sivush"

Mu Gulf wa Riga, ndi gunboat "Sivush" anafa alimba mtima nkhondo ndi Nkhondo German. N'chifukwa chake chaka chilichonse pa September 9, mafunde kutenga yosiyanasiyana ndi nkhata ku Riga ndi Russia.

August 19, 1915 Imperial Navy linachititsa Nkhondo German. Mpaka kumapeto si zimene zinachitika masiku amenewo, ndipo yaitali oyendetsa. Koma nkhondo pafupi ndi cisumbu ca Kihnu anapanga squadron Germany kuleka kuukira patsogolo mu Gulf wa Riga, komanso bomba za malinga ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ichi chinali cholinga chachikulu cha kunkhondo ya zombo German.

Gunboat "Sivush" ndiye opulumutsidwa Riga ku imfa ndi chiwonongeko. Mtengo umenewu sikuti zinali kuwonongedwa kwa chombo, komanso anthu onsewo. Ngakhale gunboat ngakhale kutchedwa Baltic "Varyag" anali mkulu ungwazi wa a panyanjawa.

The Sand timiyala "Beaver"

Gunboat "Beaver" amatanthauza Gilyaki mtundu. magalimoto amenewa n'cholinga chofuna kuteteza Amur Mtsinje ku Khabarovsk. Mu malire ake m'munsi anali ochepa midzi ya asilikali, ndipo iwo ayenera zida zankhondo anapatsidwa thandizo. Chifukwa panali ochepa zinthu, kamangidwe ngalawa inali yochokera pa lalikulu ikuthamanga zosiyanasiyana ndipo kudziyimira pawokha. Komabe seaworthiness kuchita anasonyeza kuti otsika kwambiri.

Ubwino gunboats wa mtundu uwu wakhala kochepa kuchokera zida zankhondo sanali kulabadira kwambiri pamene angagwiritse. Pa First World nkhondo iwo ntchito ngati zapansi kusambira. Zojambula ndi prototypes, ndithudi, iwo sanatero. zombo tsogolo anatengedwa ndi maboti izi utumwi nkhondowo yekha.

"Beaver" anakhazikitsidwa mu 1906, chaka patapita anali adatchithisira m'madzi. Mu 1908, a gunboat analowa Russian zombo. Pa mbiri yake izo acezela ndi Germany. Iwo anagwira mu 1918 n'kukhala msonkhano kusambira. Mu chaka chomwecho, bwato kunditumiza ku Estonia. Ngakhale zinali kunja kwa whack, koma chiwerengero cha squadron m'dzikoli.

Gunboat atumikira zaka 21, mu 1927 iye anatumizidwa kuti zimatayidwa.

Mtsinje (nyanja) ndi gunboats m'madzi

Ngakhale magwiridwe lalikulu, pafupifupi onse gunboats ankagwiritsa ntchito kugwa nthawi ndi maofesi onshore. Cholinga cha kuukira oterewa yimitsira mphamvu mdani moto, komanso kuchepetsa anthu oti. Ngati bwato anakhalabe pafupi atangochimwa gombe lake, pamene cholinga chake ndi kuteteza maofesi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chitetezo ku Zombo Zankhondo mdani.

Pali nyanja ndi mtsinje gunboats. kusiyana chawo chachikulu ndicho kulemera. Woyamba kufika m'Matchalitchi matani 3000, wachiwiri - mu 1500. Inde, potengera dzina, m'pomveka kuganiza zimene malo zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito gunboats.

Magwiridwe ndi ntchito gunboats

Gunboats ambiri zinchito magalimoto zosinthika zida zankhondo. Kamangidwe amalola ntchito zawo mu ntchito ya usilikali mu m'mphepete mwa nyanja woyendera nthambi, mitsinje ndi pafupi ndi zilumba ndi zilumba yaing'ono miyala.

Gunboats akhoza kuchita ntchito zotsatirazi:

1. Kumenyana magombe, madoko, mitsinje
2. ankafika
3. asilikali Support pa gombe
4. The ankafika ndipo nkhondo yake ankafika mdani
5. Zogona ntchito, monga yobereka katundu

Malinga momwe ntchito gunship, mapulani ake akhoza zosiyanasiyana, nyumba apadera inaimika. Pali unarmored, bronepalubnye ndi mabwato oti muli nazo zida. Nthawi zambiri anagwiritsa ntchito Yachiwiri chifukwa amapereka chitetezo ndi zabwino, koma anali kulemera otsika lomwe lili ndi ubwino see.

Makhalidwe waukulu gunboats ndi

Kuchokera pa makhalidwe, anatsimikiza mtima kumene gunboat ntchito. Pali magawo zazikulu zitatu:

1. Kusamutsidwa. Zombo akhoza kupita kumadzi ndi chitetezo ndi khalidwe la ntchito asilikali nyanja kapena mitsinje ndi nyanja.
2. Liwiro. Ndi 3-15 mfundo. Liwiro zimadalira wotani kapangidwe anapatsidwa gunboat. Zimakhala chikopa, oti muli nazo zida yekha m'madera pachiopsezo, komanso kwathunthu. Ndithudi, izo kumawonjezera ake kulemera, zimene moyipa amakhudza liwiro la panyanja.
3. Armament.

Popeza gunboats anali Zombo Zankhondo, mfuti alandira zimenezi. Iwo akhoza wopatsidwa nthawi 1-4 mfuti ya likungosonyeza chachikulu (203-356 mm). Njira imeneyi kwa kapangidwe wakhala lolunjika pa gunboats m'madzi. maboti mtsinje zambiri zida ndi mfuti sing'anga-likungosonyeza (76-170).

Komanso, malingana ntchito pa sitimayo angathe kuikidwa basi mfuti "pachimake" ndi mfuti za makina. The chatha anamanga yosowa kwambiri chifukwa osiyanasiyana awo yochepa.

Pomaliza

Choncho, n'zosatheka kupeza gunboats ziwiri zofanana. Iriyonse zabwino zake, kuvekedwa ndi magwiridwe yake yapadera. History zikusonyeza kuti ambiri Russian gunboats akhoza yekha kutsutsa squadron lonse. Izi osati la ngalawa mwachindunji usilikali ndipo okonza, komanso adalira. Nthawi zambiri, chabe mtima wake anakana zotsatira za nkhondo mu mtima mwawo.