Hawking cheza: zinsinsi kulibenso

Stiven Hoking - ndi zakuthambo kwambiri ndi ongolankhula sayansi nthawi yathu. Anabadwa mu 1942, wasayansi tsogolo kale mu zaka 20 anayamba kuvutika matenda. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis kwambiri asalankhule maphunziro pa Dipatimenti ya Physics ongolankhula pa Oxford Komabe, sanalephere Stephen kukhala wokangalika, zonse zochitika moyo. Anakwatira mu 1965, membala wa Royal Society mu 1974. Pa nthawi imeneyi anali kale ndi mwana wamkazi ndi ana awiri. Mu 1985, wasayansi anasiyiratu kucheza. Lero, mu thupi lake kuyenda ndi Mulungu sanamukhululukire chimodzi chokha minofu nkhope pa tsaya. Zinaoneka kuti kwathunthu immobile ndi wosalankhula munthu alamulidwa. Komabe, mu 1995 n'kukwatira kachiwiri, ndipo mu 2007 ... yakuuluka weightlessness.

Padziko Lapansi, palibe munthu wopanda zoyendayenda, yomwe anakhala wodzala ndi zothandiza ndi chidwi moyo.

Koma si onse. chitukuko chachikulu Hawking unali chiphunzitso mabowo wakuda. "Chiphunzitso chakuti Hawking," monga chimatchedwa, ali akonza zaka zambiri maganizo asayansi 'za mabowo wakuda wa chilengedwe chonse.

Pa chiyambi cha ntchito pa chiphunzitso cha kuphunzira, ngati ambiri a anzake, iye anati kuti mabowo wakuda kalekale kukawononga chirichonse chimene igwera mu iwo. Izi chododometsa mudziwe anali anasiya usilikali ndipo asayansi padziko lonse lapansi. Iye akhapidziwa kuti katundu aliyense wa zinthu danga, kupatulapo kulemera, izo siziri.

Kukhala wakhala ukugwira kuphunzira mabowo wakuda mu 1975, Hawking anapeza kuti nthawi zonse zimatulutsa mtsinje wa photons mu malo ndi zina particles pulayimale. Komabe, ngakhale wasayansi yekha ankakhulupiriranso kuti "Hawking cheza" ndi mwachisawawa, sizimadziwika. wasayansi British poyamba ankaganiza kuti kuwala kwa mtundu umenewu wosachita mfundo iliyonse.

Komabe, waluntha khalidwe la malingaliro - luso zonse mukaikire. Hawking anapitiriza kufufuza ndipo ndinapeza kuti evaporation wa mabowo wakuda (mwachitsanzo, Hawking cheza) ndi chikhalidwe kwadzidzidzi. Zimenezi zinathandiza anazindikira kuti mudziwe anafika una wakuda popanda akuwonongedwa ndipo anasintha. Chiphunzitso kuti boma la dzenje mowirikiza, n'zoona ngati timaona ku mawonedwe omwe sanali kwadzidzidzi sayansi.

Polingalira za chiphunzitso kwadzidzidzi, zingalowe ladzala ndi particles "pafupifupi" kuti zimatulutsa minda osiyana thupi. chowala mwamphamvu zimasiyanasiyana zonse. Pamene amakhala amphamvu kwambiri, mwachindunji ku zingalowe pa chochitika kaja (malire) wa bh angabadwe tinthu-antiparticle awiriawiri. Ngati mphamvu yonse ya tinthu limodzi ndi zabwino, ndipo chachiwiri - zoipa ngati particles agwa mu dzenje wakuda, iwo anayamba kuchita zinthu mosiyana. Wachisoni antiparticle amayamba kuchepetsa mphamvu zina bh, ndi tinthu zabwino amamuchititsa osawerengeka.

Pa gawo la ndondomeko izi zikuwonekera evaporation, akubwera kuchokera mdzenje wakuda. Ndi evaporation izi ndipo amatchedwa "Hawking cheza." Asayansi apeza kuti "evaporation" nkhani zolakwika ali kutentha yake, zipangizo looneka sipekitiramu, kutentha zina.

Hawking dzuwa, malinga ndi wasayansi ndi umboni chakuti si onse zambiri wataika ndipo Mwamsanga muyaya mu dzenje wakuda. Iye sankakayikira kuti kwadzidzidzi sayansi zikutsimikizira kuti n'zosatheka chiwonongeko chotheratu kapena imfa zambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu ngati zimenezi, ngakhale mu maonekedwe kusinthidwa, lili Hawking cheza.

Ngati asayansi lamanja, m'mbuyomu ndi tsogolo la mabowo wakuda akhoza kuyezedwa komanso mbiri ya maplaneti ena.

Mwatsoka, izo amakana chiphunzitso cha kuthekera kuyendayenda nthawi ndi mu universes ena ntchito mabowo wakuda. Pamaso pa Hawking cheza zikutsimikizira kuti chinthu chilichonse wagwa mu dzenje, anabwerera kwa chilengedwe chathu mu mawonekedwe a mudziwe wosinthika.

Asayansi kugawana zikhulupiliro za sayansi British. Komabe iwo ndikutsutsa iwo sikunathetse. Lero dziko lonse akuyembekezera mabuku atsopano Hawking, zimene analonjeza mwatsatanetsatane ndi chooneka moti atsimikizire Kudziwa za dziko lawo sayansi kukubwezani chiphunzitso.

The kwambiri kuti asayansi akwanitsa kuti Hawking cheza mu labu. Izi zinachitika mu 2010