Biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu. Makope zinthu ndi kusanduka biosphere

Biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu - ndi mtundu wapadera wa kufalitsidwa mu chikhalidwe cha zinthu mankhwala zikuchitika likuvutika kwambiri m'thupi zinthu zamoyo. Mu umoyo wa anamvetsa awo kupuma, kudya, kubereka, kudzikundikira ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu organic.

Kodi Biosphere

Dziko wotchuka Academician VI Vernadsky kwa nthawi yoyamba mfundo biosphere lapansi. Iye kuwerenga monga chipolopolo amoyo a Earth. mbali iyi yamoyo zinali zotsatira za ntchito mogwirizana kwa amoyo ndi zopanda moyo zinthu. Pankhaniyi, zamoyo zonse ndi ntchito yaikulu ya biosphere ndi ofanana m'njira zonse zitheka.

Zamoyo magulu onse ngakhale moyo pa dziko pakalipano. Aliyense ali ndi kulemera mwini wake, mphamvu ndi elemental mipweya.

Malinga Vernadsky anati onse kanthu wamoyo zokhudza chilengedwe mafunde maatomu, biogenic kusamuka kumene kumachitika chifukwa chikoka cha mphamvu ya dzuwa.

Ntchito yaikulu ya biosphere ndiwo kubereka, kukula ndipo thupi la zamoyo.

Chikhazikitso cha kusamuka biogenic

Biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu zikusonyezedwa mawonekedwe a makope zinthu zamoyo. Otchedwa zinthu biogenic kuti mukugwira nawo ntchito imeneyi. Zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga mpweya, wa hydrogen, asafe, mpweya, phosphorous, chitsulo, manganese, nthaka, calcium, potaziyamu, ndi zina zambiri mankhwala zochita kupanga.

Ndipotu, m'chilengedwe pali kuchuluka yaikulu isotopes wa zinthu mankhwala, koma osati onse a iwo mbali ya zamoyo.

Amadziwika kuti zamoyo zonse ndi mbali yapadera kudziunjikira zinthu zimachitikira ndi mankhwala awo. Pa nthawi yomweyo gawo la moyo Tingaone osati zinthu ambiri, komanso yosowa kwambiri. Kodi chidwi kwambiri, maganizo awo pa nkhani moyo ndi apamwamba kuposa mu madera ozungulira. Mwachitsanzo, zomera muli mpweya nthawi mazana awiri kuposa zizindikiro kutumphuka, ndipo nthawi makumi atatu winawake kwambiri.

Pankhaniyi, aliyense mitundu ya zamoyo ali ndi chiwerengero yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya chitsulo kudziunjikira mu okha yaikulu ya chitsulo, pamene rhizomes kudziunjikira kashiamu ndi Seaweed - ayodini.

Biogenic kusamuka maatomu kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti mchikakamizo cha zamoyo zingasiyane valence wa zinthu mankhwala a. Komanso mitundu yatsopano ya mankhwala anapanga. Pafupifupi makumi mchere ambiri otchuka kukhala wochitachita mu ndondomeko imeneyi, monga biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu. Ndipo munthu yemwe ali ndi chitsimikizo mwachindunji.

Chilamulo biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu

Lamulo limeneli anayambitsa Vernadsky ndipo ali ndi zofunika kwambiri ongolankhula ndi othandiza tanthauzo. Malinga ndi iye, onse njira mankhwala kuti chichitike pa dziko lathuli, n'zogwirizana ndi mphatso ndipo m'mbuyomu ntchito tizilombo ndi zosatheka popanda kutenga nkhani michere ndi zinthu biotic. Komanso kuno akhoza zimachitika chikoka cha njira chisinthiko.

Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti anthu amadza chachikulu kwambiri pa biosphere a Dziko Lapansi, makamaka anthu ake amoyo, kotero kuti angathe kusintha kwambiri kuti ndondomeko choterocho, monga biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu mu biosphere lapansi.

Malinga ndi lamulo limeneli, aliyense wamoyo ndi mkhalapakati pakati pa Sun ndi Earth. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa otaya zonse dzuwa ndipo ndi zonse mphamvu ya dzikoli, tinganene kuti chiwerengero cha nkhani amoyo ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse. chitsanzo kotereku yatchedwa ndi Vernadsky ntchito zake.

About m'zinthu biogeochemical

m'zinthu Biogeochemical - ichi ndi makope wapadera wa mankhwala biosphere lapansi. Apa zikuluzikulu udindo ankaimba ndi zamoyo. Pakuti moyo wa zamoyo zonse muyenera zakudya zina kuti angapereke moyo. Pali magulu awiri a zinthu: makrotrofy ndi mikrotrofy.

Ndi makrotrofnym zinthu monga zigawo zikuluzikulu kuti kulenga maziko a zimakhala zonse zamoyo mankhwala. Zikuphatikizapo potaziyamu, calcium, phosphorous, Mpweya, wa hydrogen, sulfure, magnesium komanso zinthu zina.

Koma mikrotrofnym zinthu monga kufufuza zinthu ndi mankhwala awo, koyenera kuti kuli zamoyo zochepa kwambiri. Kuwutsata zinthu monga nthaka, mkuwa, manganese, chlorine, ndi chitsulo.

Komanso, zonse biogenic kapena zakudya angagwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza biosphere lapansi. Pambuyo mchere biogenic nkhokwe si nthawi zonse. Ena a iwo a zikugwirizana ndi gawo la zotsalira zazomera wamoyo. Ndipo uyu, nayenso kwambiri amachepetsa chiwerengero cha zinthu otsala topezeka kudera limenelo.

Ngati zomera ndi zina zamoyo sizinachite nawo ndondomeko patsogolo, mwa kundipatsako kwa zakudya zonse m'dziko kalekale kuyambira wotopa, motero moyo padziko lapansi kalekale kuyambira idaleka.

Taganizirani mmene m'zinthu biogeochemical ena zinthu.

mpweya mkombero

Mmodzi wa mpweya gwero lofunika kwambiri ndi mpweya woipa zili zikuchokera m'mlengalenga, ndi kusungunuka m'madzi. Nkhanizi ntchito ndi zomera kaphatikizidwe wa mankhwala organic.

Pa ndondomeko ya photosynthesis, mpweya woipa ndi kusintha zomera ku zipangizo michere organic kuti atumikire monga nyama zikuluzikulu chakudya.

madongosolo monga mafuta kuyaka, nayonso mphamvu ndi kupuma, amatha kubwerera thunthu mu chilengedwe. Malinga ndi asayansi, m'mlengalenga lili mazana asanu biliyoni matani thunthu, pamene mu hydrosphere - za makumi asanu biliyoni zikwi matani. Chaka chilichonse, chifukwa cha ndondomeko za kukula dzuwa la nkhani zomera madzi ndi pa dziko ndi matani zana makumi asanu ndi atatu ndi makumi asanu biliyoni, motero.

asafe mkombero

m'zinthu Biogeochemical wa asafe amapezeka mchikakamizo cha makhalidwe osiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi kwachilengedwenso. Mwachitsanzo, nitrate asafe zikhoza kusinthidwa mu mapuloteni, ndiye kusamukira urea mu ammonia ndi wotembenuka kachiwiri mu mawonekedwe nitrate.

phosphorous mkombero

Losavuta m'zinthu biogeochemical mu chikhalidwe ndi phosphorous mkombero. nkhokwe yake yaikulu zili miyala kuti ongoyendayenda kukokoloka anapatsidwa phosphates awo m'chilengedwe osiyana.

Zomera zimenezi ntchito phosphates, ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito kuti lithe zinthu organic. Zomera kudyetsa pa zamoyo zina. Choncho, akafa, kuwola, phosphates kachiwiri anabwerera ku nthaka ndi feteleza ntchito kachiwiri kwa zomera.

Mfundo Biogenic wa Vernadsky

Pansi biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu kusuntha amaganizira zinthu, ndi kulumikiza mphamvu madera topezeka awo. Malinga Vernadsky, ndi biogenic kusamuka umamumvera mfundo zitatu zofunika kwambiri. Taonani zimene asayansi amati:

1. Biogenic kusamuka nthawi zonse amayesetsa kudzapeza mawonetseredwe ake.
2. Onse ngakhale moyo wa biosphere ali mu zonse ndi mosalekeza mankhwala kuwombola ndi chilengedwe cha. Komanso iwo analengedwa ndipo mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa.
3. Evolution mitundu zimathandiza kuti zikamera a mitundu yatsopano mosamala zamoyo, zimachititsa mathamangitsidwe wa biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu mu biosphere lapansi. Imathandiza kuti izi mofulumira zinthu mankhwala kutembenuka.

Lingaliro la kuzungulira kwachilengedwenso

Ndi moyo padziko lapansi mpaka kalekale, onse organic ayenera atembenuza mu ngodya yokhota chatsekedwa.

mkombero Tizilombo - ichi ndi njira yokhayo kukonza moyo. Chifukwa cha kugwa kwa zamoyo zonse, zamoyo zina akudya awo. Choncho, chamoyo chilichonse wamoyo, kaya mtundu wake, ulalo mu unyolo okwanira. Kuswedwa, zamoyo zonse kupereka zinthu zawo zina moyo. Musachepetse udindo wa tizilombo. Iwo anatembenuzidwa zatsalira nyama ndi zomera mu zinthu zofunika organic ntchito zomera zobiriwira kwa kaphatikizidwe wa nkhani latsopano organic.

Kayendedwe ka zamoyo zinthu zoperekedwa ndi zotsatira za chiwonongeko. mankhwala zovuta kuyamba kuwola ndinso, kumasuka pa nthawi yomweyo ndipo m'matangadza mphamvu kutaya zambiri, ndipo anapanga inorganics latsopano kuyamba unyolo wonse kachiwiri. Chifukwa tizilombo biosphere angathe kudzikonda achilengedwe.

Ukugwirira ntchito ya kuzungulira kwachilengedwenso ndi zamoyo za thupi magulu osiyana taxonomic. Iwo amatha kulankhula ndi mnzake mu zosiyanasiyana kugwirizana. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti onse ngakhale moyo wa biosphere akugwira nawo mkombero mwa unyolo chakudya.

Kodi ntchito zimagwiridwa ndi nkhani moyo biosphere ndi

Maziko a biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu avundulidwe lagona zinthu. Choncho, asayansi kusanthula katundu zonse kusamuka kwa anthu koteroko, mphamvu yakulikoka mfundo zimene ntchito zimagwiridwa ndi nkhani zonse zamoyo padziko lapansili Earth. Tiyeni tione iwo:

• Mphamvu. zamoyo amatha kudziunjikira zakudya zichokera kwa chakudya kudzera unyolo chakudya.
• Mayendedwe. Aliyense chamoyo angathe posamutsa ndi organic.

• Ndende - zamoyo kudziunjikira zakudya mu moyo wawo ndi ntchito kapangidwe ka thupi.
• Environment-n'kupanga. zamoyo zonse ndi limatha kusintha magawo a malo mankhwala ndi thupi.
• Zowononga. Nawo mineralization zinthu zochita kupanga.

Chisinthiko chiphunzitso cha chiyambi cha moyo Padziko Lapansi

Evolution angatchedwe sizingasinthe kusintha mbiri moyo. Chiphunzitsochi mogwirizana ndi mfundo zinayi:

1. Owonjezera mbewu. mitundu yonse ya zamoyo kuchulukitsa mofulumira kwambiri. Komabe, si ana onse apulumuke kotero kuti anthu onse ndi wolimba.
2. Kulimbana kupulumuka Amathandizanso kuchepetsa kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.
3. Pamaso pa kusiyana maganizo pang'ono. Popeza anthu onse okhala ndi wapadera, mitundu ina ndi mwayi waukulu wa moyo, pamene ena ali ang'onoang'ono.
4. Chibadwa. Mfundo cholowa ali anadutsa kholo mbewu. Tsopano, chifukwa cha kusiyana cholowa, ena anthu angathe kupulumuka yaitali kuposa ena.

anapezazo

Pansi biogenic Kusamuka kwa maatomu kusuntha amaganizira zinthu. Zimenezi zambiri ndipo cyclical, choncho moyo pa dziko lapansi lilipo ndi nthawi yathu. Chifukwa cha kuchita zinthu zolimba njira zonse za anthu kulenga dziko linayamba kutha.